Index

actio initiriarum 148-51

Amira, K. von 39,40

Atispruch 11 anticipator}' repudiation 138-41 Aquilian liability 146-8

Atislobung 157

Austin, J. 180

Austria:

contractual theory 131

delictual liability 57

executor 162

good faith 171

legal training, advancement 38, 39 ‘pandectification' of Austrian law 5 Roman law 5

sec also European private law

Bekker, E.

Bentham, J. 180

Berger, A. 39

Berman, II. 112

BGB, see German Civil Code Blackstone. W. 180, 184 bona (ides, see good faith breach of contract:

anticipator)· repudiation 138-41 cancellation as remedy for 141-3 damages, claim for 92,93

'positive malperformance' 92-4,

141

withdrawal from contract, right of 94,95

Bruck, E. F. 30

business:

established and operating, right to an 63-6

Caemmerer, E. von 56 cancellation:

breach of contract, remedy 141-3 Canon law 2

elements in development of common law and continental law 112,159, 160

journal 21

tnist 165, 166

clausula rebus sic stantibus 80-3

codification:

Austria 5,6

effects 1-3, 53-6,187; see also

German Civil Code

France 3,4

Germany, see German Civil Code Historical School 14-17

Netherlands 3,4

Prussia 4

Coing, H. 34 concurrent conditions 142 conditio India 142, 143 Conring, H. 2 contracts:

breach, see breach of contract clausula rebus sic stantibus 80-3 contract of sale, risk 119-21 culpa in contrahendo, see err//« in contrahendo

declaration theory 131, 132 extension of contractual liability, law of delict 73-6

implied terms 173 misrepresentation 133-6 mistake 130-3

offer and acceptance 129,130 repudiation 138-41 specific performance 143-6 third party loss: contracts with protective effects 95-7; Drittschadensliquidation 97, 98; transferred loss 97,98

will theory 130-2, 143 copyright:

personality, protection 67, 68 Cosack.

contractual liability 74

doctrine of Jhering 88 modern liability, emergence of 89-92

position of BGB 89 customary laws 2,112, 159

Dawson, J. 55 debtor-creditor relationship 62 defamation 148-51

defects:

latent, liability for 121,122 delict:

commission and omission, liability 69,70

'duty to ensure the safety of one's neighbour' 69-72

liability for others 72,73.123-6; contractual liability, extension 73-6; duly appointed representatives 76-8; extensive interpretation of § 31 BCB 76-8 rights and interests, protection

57-9; Civil Code provisions 58; debtor creditor relationship 62; drafting process 58; established and operating business, right to 63-6; freedom of a person, right of 58; law of obligations, claims under 61, 62; 'other right of another' 58, 59; patrimony 59-61; personality 66-9; possession 62, 63

summary 78-80

Verkehrssicherungspfiichten 69-72 dignihts 150 do/us 135,136,137 Domat, J. 143 duress 137

Drittschadeiisliquidiition 97, 98 Eigentthner-Besilzer-Vediiflniis 115, 118

Eisele, F. 24 England: defamation 148 executor 163 fairness and good faith in contract law 174-6

implied terms 173

lex mcrcntoria 175

precedents 179,180 store decisis 181,185 statutory interpretation 183, 184 trusts, see trusts unjust enrichment 117 vicarious liability 125,126 see also European private law equitable interpretation 182, 183, 184 European Court of Justice 107 European private law:

civil law and common law diversity within civil law systems 112-14; elements in development 112; lawyers working in both traditions 111; legal methodology 177, 178; rapprochement of thinking patterns 185; stereotypes in comparative legal discourse 176-8; Western legal tradition 111, 112

comparative evidence 115 generalization, development of legal ideas by way of 123

good faith, see good faith historical explanation 115 historical scholarship 107-10 latent defects, liability 121,122 mixed legal system 158-60 perictilitnt tmploris: consensual contracts of sale in Roman law 119-21; generic sale, development 121

restitution for improvements made on another person's property: England 117; France 117; Germany 115-17; Roman law 116 set-off, retroactive effect 118,119 sources of law, see sources of law transnational character 108

trusts, set· trusts

unjust enrichment 116 vicarious liability 123-6

European Union:

directives 107

executors:

creation of legal practice 160-2 modern position 162,163 see also trusts

f.vcr/’/fO doli genenilis: background 83-6 courts 86, 87 restitution for expenses 116

Exner, A.

Felgentraeger, W. 32 feudal law 112 fidticiti 164,167 formalism, legal 180,184 France:

cancellation as remedy for breach of contract 143

code civil 3

delictual liability 57

executor 163

Roman law, codifications 3,4 set-off 118 trust 167

unjust enrichment 117 sec also European private law fmngenli fident fidcs frtnigqhir eideni 142 fraud, see dolus, exceptio doli generalis fraudulent misrepresentation 146 Free-law movement 55

Friedberg, E. 25

Genzmer, E. 34

German Civil Code:

administration of justice, concerns over effect of codification on 54, 55

AusMning 157

background 53, 54 breach of contract, see breach of

contract

cl/ittsiila rebus sic stuntibiis 80-3 courts’ reaction to 55, 56 criticism 54

etilpo in confm/tendo, see ettipti in contmheitdo

defence of fraud or bad faith: background 83-6; courts 86, 87 delict, see delict development 98-1 (11 entry into force 53 exceptio doli generalis: background 83-6; courts 86, 87

fault in the formation of contract, see crd/M irt nnifniheirdn

Free-law movement 55

good faith 85-7 historical document, as 10(1 Imperial Court, development of law 99, 100

latent defects, liability 121, 122 legal history, turning point 42 owner-possessor relationship 115 positive breach of contract, see breach of contract

promise 157

restitution for improvements made on another person's property 115-17

set-off 118

synthesis between legal history and doctrine 101-5

third party loss: contracts with protective effects 95-7 Drittschitdensliqtiidafimi 97,98 transferred loss 97, 98

unjust enrichment 116,118 Germany:

Basic Law 100

case law 55, 56, 185

Civil Code, see German Civil Code delict, see delict executor 163

legal literature 40,41

precedents 178, 180, 181

Roman law: Anspruch 11; Bekker 10; Civil Code 9; Historical School of Law 7; legal history, developments 39, 40; legal training 7-10; legal unity 7; nineteenth century 6-8; third renaissance 6-8; twentieth century 8-11; Windscheid 10

statutory interpretation 185 see also European private law good faith:

English law 174-6

European contract law 170 doctrinal analysis 171-3 results 170, 171

German Civil Code (§ 242) 85-7 implied terms 173 latent defects, liability for 122 notion of 170

piecemeal solutions v.

Roman law 84, 134,136, 140, 176

Gradenwitz, O. 11,24,47 Grotius, 11. 155,156, 158

Hague Convention on the Law Applicable to Trusts and their Recognition 167

Hale, M. 180

I lanausek, G. 39 historical argument, interpretation of statutes 42, 51

historical legal scholarship: codification 14-7

Historical School, see I listorical School

law journals 20-2 legal history 18-22 new hts commune 107-10 present and past, connection 11-13 'pure' Roman private law, identification 18,19

recent history of private law, neglect 20-2

Roman law, role 13, 14

Savigny 12

Historical School 7, 11 codification 14-17 Pandectis! School, transformation into 18

Holt, Lord 125, 126

i k»tman, F. 2

Hume, D. 152

Ibbetson, D. 159 impettsae 116 implied terms 173 improvements, see restitution innocent misrepresentation 135 interpolationist research 18, 24. 36 Italy:

good faith 171

trust 167

see also European private law ins commune 2, 7,101,109,112,114,

128, 152,159, 178,179, 184 ittsiits error 132, 133

Jhering, R. von 15,48 culpa in contrahendo, see culpa in contrahendo

Journal of German Law and German Legal Science 19,20

Journal of Historical Legal Science 15, 19,20

Journal of Legal History 15, 20, 21

Journal of the Savigny-Foimdation for Legal History 21

judicial precedents 177-82

Kahn-Freund,O. Ill

Kames, Lord 152

Kaser, M. 32. 38. 1(M, 107

Keller, E L. 25,130

Kessler, F. 111

Konnncntier- itnd Anslegungstvrhole 182

Koschaker, 1’ 16, 25, 29,38,41,43,103 Kreller, H. 30

Kunkel, W. 35

Laba nd, P. 19 latent defects:

liability 121,122

Lautner, j. G. 32, 38

Law Merchant 112

legal history:

as means of understanding present law 115

consequences 18 function of 187, 188

German Civil Code as turning point 42

Germanic legal history 39, 40 historical legal scholarship (19th century) 18, 19

journals 20-2 latent defects, liability for 121,122 perictdinn entptoris 119-21 restitution for improvements made on another person's properly 115-8

Roman law as: Austria, legal training 38, 39; classical law texts, reconstruction 22-5; Imperial Luu and Vulgar Luo 25-33; new approaches 36-8 set-off, retroactive effect 118, 119 synthesis with legal doctrine 101-5 unhistorical legal scholarship; legal literature 40-4; position within law faculties 44-6; -w also historical legal scholarship legal papyrology 26 legal scholarship, see historical legal scholarship; unhistorical legal scholarship legal training:

Austria, advancement 38, 39 Lenel, O.

Merchant, mercantile custom liability:

Aquilian 146-8

culpa in contrahendo, see culpa in contrahendo

delictual, see delict latent defects 121,122 negligent misstatements 146, 147 noxal 123

vicarious 72-6, 123-6

libel 149

Liechtenstein:

trust 167

Linden, J. van der 123 Lipstein, K. 111

'mailbox-rule' 130 Mann, F. A. 111 Mansfield, Lord 175 Mayer-Maly, T. 32 mercantile custom 159; see also Law

Merchant, lex mercaloria merits 137 Millar,]. 152 misrepresentation 133-6 mistake 130-3 Mitteis, L. 25-7, 38. 102,103

academic ancestry of scholars traced back to 31-3

scions of school of 27-31

'mixed' legal systems 126-8 European legal systems as 158-60 Scotland, see Scotland

South Africa, see South Africa Mommsen, F. 92 Mommsen, T. 15,102 Miihlenbnich, C. E 130

Natural law theory:

codifications, see codification contractual theory 131 culpa in ccnitraheuda 88

European legal systems 112, 159,160 Roman law as 48

negligence:

misrepresentation 133-6 misstatements 60, 146,147 Netherlands:

good faith 172

Roman law, codifications 3,4 trust 167 see Also European private law Niebuhr, B. G. 19 noxal liability 123

offer and acceptance 129,130 omissions:

delict 70

owner-possessor relationship 115. 118 'pandectification' of private law

Austria 5

Pnissia 4

Pandectist School:

Historical School transformed into

18

excesses 47, 48

Pandeklenvorlesung 9

Pappoulias, O. 31

PartschJ. 24,27 patrimony as such as object of

delictual protection 59-61,147, 148 pericuhtm emploris:

consensual contracts of sale in Roman law 119-21

generic sale, development 121 personality:

delictual protection 66-9

Peters, H. 29

Plowden, E. 183

poUicitatfo 156

positive malperformance, see breach of contract

positivism, scholarly and statutory 51, 181

possession:

delictual protection 62,63

Pothier, R.

presupposition doctrine 17,49-51,

82

Pringsheim, E 29 privacy 150,151 promise 155-8 Pnissia:

delictual liability 57

Roman law, codifications 4 Pufendorf, S. 156,184 purposive construction of statutory

provisions 184, 185

Raape, L. 30

Rabel, E. 11.25,28,38,103

Radbruch, G. 43

regutae iuris 182 rematerialization of contract law

174-6

restitution:

improvements made on another person's property: England 117; France 117; Germany 115-17; Roman law 116

Riesenfeld, S. Ill

right to an established and operating business:

delictual protection 63-6

Roman law:

'abrogation' 3, 52

ancient legal world, enhancement of perception 36-8

as theory of private law 7

beyond Roman law by means of Roman law 48. 49

classical law texts, reconstruction 22-5

codification: Austria 5, 6; effects

1-3; France 3,4; historical legal scholarship 14-17; Netherlands 3,4; Prussia 4; 'second life' of Roman law 2

Eastern Roman Empire 26

element in development of continental law and of English law 112, 159

Germany, see Germany historical legal scholarship, see historical legal scholarship

Imperial Law and Vulgar Law 26

legal sources, discovery and publication 46,47

Roman law (amt.);

legal training, advancement in

Austria 38, 39

Mitteis, L. 25-7; academic ancestry of scholars; traced back to 31-3; scions of schix’l of 27-31 new approaches 36-8 noxal liability 123 pericitlttm est einpforis 119-21 positivism, scholarly 51,52 restitution of expenses 116 Seckel 33-5 specific delicts 57 statutory positivism 51 'third renaissance' 3,6 true lawyer 49-51 trust 165,166 unhistorical legal scholarship, see unhistorical legal scholarship

San Nicolò, M. 31,32,39 Savigny, F. C.: codification 14-7 error, analysis 132 Historical School 11 legal history and legal scholarship 12

mailbox theory 130

Roman law, role 13,14 Savigny-Foundation 21 Scluìnbauer, E. 39 Schttldverhtilliiis 62 Schulz, F. 34 Schwarz, A. B. 30 Scotland:

civil law and common law

151-5 features shared with civilian

systems and the common law 154 historical background 151-3 law of obligations 154 legal literature 154 Scottish Enlightenment 152 study of law 153 trust 169 unilateral promise 155-8 Sft’fll.so European private law Seckel, E. 33-5,101 set-off, retroactive effect 118,119 Simonius, A. 30 slander 149 Smith, A. 152 sources of law:

judicial precedents 177-82 statutory interpretation 182-5 South Africa: actio itiiuriariiui 148-51 anticipatory repudiation 138-41 Aquilian liability 146-8 cancellation as remedy for breach of contract 141-3

civil law and common law 128,129 declaration theory 131,132 defamation 148-51 misrepresentation 133-6 mistake 130-3 negligent misstatements 146, 147 offer and acceptance 129,130 specific performance 143-6, 154 trust 168

undue influence 136-8

will theory 131, 132 specific performance 143-6,154 Stair, Viscount 152,157,158 stare decisis 180, 181,185 statula sunt stride inferpretaitda 183 statutory interpretation 182-5 statutorv positivism 51, 181 Staub, H. 92-5 Steinwenter, A. 32, 38 Stiefel, E. Ill Strohal, E. 8

Taubenschlag, R. 31 terms implied in law 173 testamentary executors:

creation of legal practice 16(1-2 modern position 162,163 Thibaut, A. F. J. 14 'third legal family' 126-8,159 third party loss:

contracts with protective effects 95-7

Drittsdiade>islii}nidation 97, 98 transferred loss 97,98

Thomasius, C. 2 Treithand 161,165 trusts:

Canon law 165,166

creation of legal practice 163-5

Hague Convention on the Law Applicable to Trusts and their Recognition 167

Principles of European Trust Law 166-8

purposes 166

Roman law 165,166

Scotland 169

South Africa 168

undue influence 136-8 Unger, J. 5,6,31,39 unhistorical legal scholarship:

legal literature 40 4

position of legal history within law faculties 44-6

'unilateral contract' 157

unilateral promise 155-8

United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods 1(18

universal history of antiquity 28, 37 unjust enrichment:

England 117

France 117

Germany 116-8

ushs fori 178

rtSMS modermts pn/idectiirtmi 1, 2,13, 179

UtiliUftsprinzip 120

Vcrkrhrssichertnigspflichtcii

69-72

vicarious liability 123-6 VoetJ, 123,124,150

Voffegeisf 13

Weiß, E. 31,38

Wenger, L. 28, 37. 38

Wieacker, E 32,38

Wilcken, U. 27

Windscheid, B. 10,16, 22, 44,49 cliiusuln rebus sic stmilibus 81 presupposition dextrine 17.49-51, 82

Wlassak, Μ. 31.37,38

Wolff, H. J. 31