Index

Accursius, 48-9, 51-2, 62, 67, 75

Accursius, Francis, 64 actions, 8, 20, 24, 58, 59, 63, 80, 81, 82, 122 advocates, 16

Afflictis, M. de, 93

agreements, 19—20

Agustin, Antonio, 77 Aimericus, 58

Alaric, 31—2, 33

Albericus, 56

Alciatus, 77

Alcuin, 41

Alexander III, pope, 58

Alfonso X ‘the Wise', 65—6

Althusius, J., 82, 123

Anglo-Saxons, 41 appeals, 24

Aquinas, Thomas, 67, 95 Ashburnham Law-Book, 55

Augustus, emperor, 14, 16

Austin,John, 124, 125, 127 Austria, 105, in—14

Authenticum, 44, 61

Azo, 48, 60, 64, 71

Baldus de Ubaldis, 73—4, 75, 84—5, 86 Balkans, 36

Bartolus, 68, 7i—3, 77, 84, 85—6

Basilica, the, 35

Bassianus, Johannes, 48, 58, 62 Beaumanoir, Philippe de, 66 Beauvaisis, 66

Beckmann, Nicholaus von, 105 Bede, 4i

Beirut, 32

Bellapertica, Petrus de, 67—8

Bluhme, F., 34

^Bol^og^na, 45^—9, 5^2—4, 5^6, 57, 67, 6⁸, 71, 76 Bourges, 77, 79, 80

Bracton, 6i, 64, 66, 87, ii8

Breviary of Alaric, 31—2 brocards, 48, 5i

Bronchorst, E., 98, 101

Budaeus (Guillaume Bude), 76

Bugnyon, P, 94, 100

Bulgarus, 47-8, 57-8, 60, 62

Buno, Johannes, 101

^Burg^undians, ²9, 31, 32 54, 55, 97

Byzantium, 22, 33, 34, 35, 40

Cambridge University, 88

canon law, 24, 25, 30, 35, 42-3, 44, 48, 56, 61, 63, 66, 68, 74, 88, 94

civil law and, 49-52, 58, 59, 72, 73

Canterbury, 41, 56

Caracalla, emperor Antoninus, 20—1, 108 cases, 18, 21, 73

Castile, 65, 106

Catalonia, 56

Catholic Church, 23, 24, 25, 30, 40-1, 51, 52,

54, 58

^courts, 57, 59, ⁶b 93

and Roman empire, 41-3

see also canon law

Charlemagne, 41-2

children, 6, 7-8, 11-12, 18

Christianity, 23-4, 30, 66, 67, 74, 94, 95, 108-9 see also canon law; Catholic Church

Cicero, 7, 16, 79, 108

Cinus, 68, 71

citizens, 3, 4, 12, 13, 15, 19

civil law, 4, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 18, 19, 21, 35, 72, 128 and canon law, 49-52, 58, 59, 73 and customary law, 61-3, 86-8 glossators of, 45-9

and humanism, 76-9, 85-6

and international law, 96-7

and local laws, 64-7

and natural law, 94-6, 99, 107-10 as a science, 79-82 see also Corpus iuris civilis

Cocceji, Samuel von, 112

Code, Justinian, 33, 34-5, 40, 42, 44, 45, 46,

47, 4^8, 55, 5^6, 5^8, 59, 'ⁱ²· ⁶4, ^8l, ¹⁰¹

Codex Gregorianus, 28 Codex Hermogenianus, 28

Codex secundus, 43

Codex Theresianus (1766), 112—13 codification, 105-6, 110—15, 123, 124, 128, 129 cognitio procedure, 24

Collectio Britannica, 44 commentaries, 19, 21, 76 Commentators, 73, 76, 86 common law, 63, 64, 87—8, 124 Connanus, 80, 81, 82

Constantine, emperor, 22, 23, 27, 33, 62, 75—6 Constantinople, 32, 76

see also Byzantium

Constitutio Antoniniana, 20—1, 26 constitutions, 33, 35

see also ‘Novels’

Constitutions of Melfi, 64 contracts, 10, 20, 25, 34, 66, 109, 122, 125—6,

127

Coquille, Guy (1523—1602), 85 corporate body, 125

Corpus iuris civilis, 35, 43—52, 55, 57, 61, 67, ^68, 7b 7² 3· 75, 7^8, 79, 9b ¹⁰⁰

and science, 79—82 courts, 24, 57, 59, 61, 63, 92—4, 110 Covarruvius, D., 95 creditors, 6, 20, 85 criminal law, 52, 59, 106 Cujacius (Cujas), 77—8, 99, 108 Cumis, Guido de, 67 customary law, 3, 5, 26, 39, 59, 61—3, 65, 66, 72, 86—8, 90, 104, 105

codification of, 83—5

Dante, 67, 68 Decretum, 49, 50, 51 debtors, 6, 19, 20, 40, 85

Decius, Filippus, 77 delicts, 18, 20, 109, 127

Denmark, 66—7

^Dig^est, 33 5- 4⁰, 4^6, 47, 4^8, 5 b 55, 59, 'ⁱ²· ⁶4, 65, 78, 81, 96, 98, 101, 106, 109, 114, 128, ^I29

Florentine text of, 76, 77 rediscovery of, 43—5 disputation, i7, 98

Domat,Jean, 109—10, 115, 123, 125 Donation of Constantine, 75—6

Donellus, Hugo (1527—91), 80—2, 98, 106, 119, i22

Duarenus, 80 Duck, Arthur, 104

Dumoulin, Charles see Molinaeus Durandus, G., 58—9, 73 duress, 10, 11 duties, 108-9

eastern empire, 22—4, 29, 30, 31, 32—6, 40

35 edict, praetorian, 14, 19 Edict of Theodoric, 31, 32

Edward I, King of England, 64

Egypt, 26 emancipation, 7—8 emperor, legislative power of, 59—61, 71—2, 95

England, 41, 56, 61, 63, 64, 86, 87—8, 106, 118, 124—7, 128

Enlightenment, 110

Epitome Gai, 27—8, 32

Epitome Juliani, 40, 44, 45 equity, 47, 88, 126 ethics, 46

Euric's law, 31

European Community, 130

Exceptiones Petri, 55

Expositio, 45

F manuscript, 76, 77, 78 family, 5—6, 7—8, 18, 19, 39, 52, 112, 127 Fastolf, Thomas, 93 father, power of, 6, 7

feudal law, 61—2, 74, 79, 84, 119—20

Feytema, S., 101

Fiction theory, 125

Florence, 43 formula, 9, 10, 13, 24, 25

Four Doctors, 47—8

France, 2, 54—6, 59, 62—3, 66, 67—8, 77, 78—9, 87, 89, 101

codification in, 105—6, 114—15, 117, 123 customary law in, 83—5, 86, 90, 115

Franks, 22, 31, 32, 40, 41, 45, 79 fraud, 10, 11

Frederick II, emperor, 64—5

Frederick Barbarossa, emperor, 54, 60

Frederick the Great, King of Prussia, 112

Frederick William I, King of Prussia, 111—12 Friesland, 97, 100, 101

Gaius, 19

Institutes of, 19-20, 27—8, 31, 32, 118 Gaul, 29, 30, 31, 32

Gelasius I, Pope, 42

general principles, 95—6, 107, 109, 114, 115, 128 Gentili, Alberico, 86, 96—7, 99

Germanic tribes, 22, 29—32, 38, 39, 79

Germany, 2, 54, 76, 88—92, 93, 94, 101, 103—4, 110, 125, 129, 130

codification in, 111—14, 120—1, 123, 128 customary law of, 3g, 65, 83, 86, g8 historical school, 116—20 legal science in, iig—23

Gibbon, Edward, 21, 23, ii6 glossators, 45—g, 50, 57, 60, 62, 72, 76 Goethe,J.W, ii6

Gratian, 4g—50, 5i Greek language, 32, 35—6, 56 Greeks, i, 3, i5, i8, 22, 23, i30 Gregory IX, pope, 50—i Groenewegen van der Made, Simon, i00 ^Grotius, H^ug^o (ⁱ5⁸3-ⁱ⁶45), 97, ^g8-9,ⁱ⁰⁰ groups, i25, i27

Gundobad, King of the Burgundians, 3i

Hadrian, emperor, i4, i6 Heineccius J.G.

Henry VIII, King of England, 88 Hexabiblos, 35—6

historical school, ii6—20, i26 Holland, 97-8

Holy Roman empire, gi homicide, 6

Honorius III, pope, 54, 56 Hotman, E, 7g, gg Huber, Ulrich, i00-i Hugo, Gustav, ii6 humanism, 2, 75-g, 84, 85-6, g0-i, g8, i00, iig

individuals, 5, ig, 80-i, ii2, i27 inheritance, i8, ig ^injury 3g, 4ⁱ

Institutes, the, ig-20, 55, 56, 6i, 80, g8, i00, i0i, i05, i08, i0g, ii5

of Gaius, ig-20, 27-8, 3i, 32, ii8 of Justinian, 35, 40, 44, 45, 46, 47, gg interdict, ii international diplomacy, ii5 international law, g6-7, gg interpolations, 34, i28, i2g interpretation, 7, i7, 47-8, 7g interpretationes, 2g, 32, 45 Irnerius, 46—7, 4g, 62, gi Irni, i5 Isidore, St, 4i, 46 ^Italy,², ⁱ5,^2g· 3⁰, 33, 3g^—40 ⁶⁰,⁶5,⁶⁸,7i 7²· 75, 76, 86, g3, i0i, i2g

Civil Code (i865), i24 law schools, 54 iudex, 4—5, 6, g, i0, ii, i6, 24 ius commune, 74, 75, 84, 86, 87, gi, g4, ii8, iig, i28, i30 ius gentium, i2—13 Ivo, St, 42, 44

Jefferson, Thomas, 115—16

Jerome, St, 29 Jhering, Rudolf von, 121—2, 124

Jolowicz, H.F., 2 ju^dges, ²4, ²5, 5^8, 63, 93 Julian, 14, 27, 62 jurisprudence, 124, 125, 126 ^jurists, 13,14,19, ²7, ^28, 33,130 classical, 16—18 humanist, 76—9 as a social class, 92

^jury, ⁶3

Justinian I, emperor, 32—6, 40, 62, 65, 67 see also Justinian’s law

Justinian’s law, 1-2, 40, 46, 51, 65, 72, 75, 78,

80, 87, ii8, 130 rediscovery of, 43-5 scholastic study of, 45-9 see also Code, Justinian; Digest

Koschaker, Paul, 2

Kreittmayr, WX.A. von, iii

^{Latin lan}g^uag^e, ^26, 30, 3², 35, 57, 75,

i29 Laurentius Hispanus, 50 Law of Citations, 33, 39 law of nations, i3, 95, 96, 97 see also natural law law reform, 8, ii, i7 law students, 52-4, 67-8, 98 Leeuwen, Simon van, i00, i04 legacies, 34 legal development, ii7, i26, i27 legal procedure, 24, 57-9, 66, 67, 80, 8i legislative power, 59-6i Leibniz, G.W., 107 Lenel, Otto, 128 Leo the Wise, emperor, 35 ‘Lex Romana Burgundionum’, 31, 32, 39 ‘Lex Romana canonice compta’, 40 ‘Lex Romana Curiensis’, 39 Lex Romana Visigothorum see Breviary of Alaric

Leyden, 97-8, 99

Liber extra, 51, 52

Liber pauperum, 56—7, 6 3

Liber sextus, 51

Libri feudorum, 61—2, 84, 101

Lindley, Nathaniel, 124

Liutprand’s Edict, 40

Livy, 7, i2, 78

Lo codi, 55

local law, 57, 64-7, 72-3, 104-7

see also customary law

Lombard law, 39-40, 45, 54, 61, 65 Lothair, 60

magistrates, Roman, 4, 5, 6, 8, 21 Maine, Henry Sumner, 124—5, ^I26-7 Maitland, F.W., 44, 118, 125

Mansfield, Lord, 125

Maria Theresa, empress, 112 marriage, 41, 50, 52, 61, 80

Martini, Karl Anton von, 113

Martinus Gosia, 47, 55, 60, 62 maxims, 48, 51, 96

Mayno, Jason de, 77

Melanchton, Philip, 92 mercantile law, 106, no, 121

Milan, 22, 24, 29

Modestinus, 28

Molinaeus (Charles Dumoulin), 84—5, 115 money damages, 10—11

Montesquieu, in, 116, 118 morality 21, 107-8, 113

Mucius Scaevola, 18

municipal law, 15

Mynsinger, Joachim, 93, 99

natural law, 13, 94-6, 97, 99, 107-10, 113 negotium.

Netherlands, 2, 87, 97-101, 104, 129 new law, 9

New World, 94-5 non-citizens, 12, 13, 14

‘Novels’, 31, 32, 33, 35, 40, 44, IOI

oath helpers, 38, 39, 89

oaths, 58, 73

Obertus, 61, 84 obligations, 19-20, 80, 81, 105, 109, 115 opinion, the (consilium)., 74

Oppian law, 12

ordo iudiciorum. 58

Orleans, 56, 67-8, 73, 114-15

Ostrogoths, 31, 33, 40 ownership, 25, 62, 82, 88, 115, 119-20 Oxford University, 56, 88

Pandect-science, 119-23, 124, 125, 126 papal decretals, 50-1, 63

Pape, Guy 93

Papinian, 21, 28, 32, 39, 107-8

Paraphrase, the, 35

Paris, 56, 59, 86

Custom of, 84-5, 105

patricians, 3

Paul, 21, 25, 27, 28, 31, 33

Pavia, 41, 44-5, 54, 65, 75, 78 people, authority of, 59, 60, 62, 71-2, 95 Pepo, 45—6 peregrines see non-citizens personal principle, 39, 40 personal status, 19, 61, 80, 125, 127 Petrus de Cadorna, 56 physical injury, 5, 6 Placentinus, 56 plebeians, 3, 4, 8 Politian, 76, 77 Pomponius, 78 pontiffs, 3, 7, 8, 13 possession, law of, 25, 119-20, 125 Pothier, Robert Joseph (1699-1772), 114—15, 125 praetors, 8-12, 14, 16 precedents, 59, 93

private law, 13, 16, 19, 20, 21, 24, 52, 79, 81, 100, 109, 112, 113, 115, 120

Proculians, 17 property, 1, 5, 6, 9, 11, 18, 25, 40, 60, 62, 82, 88, 109, 112, 122, 126

Protestants, 77, 101 Provence, 55, 58 public law, 4, 21, 79 Pufendorf, Samuel, 108-9, ^II2> ^I23

Ramus, Peter, 82 Ravanis, Jacobus de, 67-8 Ravenna, 29, 40 Realist theory, 125 reason, 67, 95, 96, 99, 107, no, in, 112, 117 Reichskammergericht, 91, 93 remedies, 8-12, 13, 81, 87, 122, 126 Rhone valley school, 55 rights, 81, 82, 122

Ripuarian Franks, 40 Rivail, Aymar du, 78 Rogerius, 55—6 Roman law

academic study of, 52-4 arguments for and against, 2 classical period, 16-21, 25 classification of, 18-20 imperial period, 14-36 influence of, 30, 31 and modern society, 120—3, 128—30 origins of, 1, 3—7 provincialisation of, 26 reception of, 86-92 republican period, 3-14 revival of, 116-18 and social change, 78-9, 127 see also civil law; Justinian’s law

Rome, 14, 22, 23, 29, 30, 44 Rota Romana, 93

rules, 2i, 38, 39, 47, 58, 71, 72, 73, 99, 114 Russia, 36

Sabinians, 17, 18 Sabinus, Masurius, 18, 19 sacral law, 4 sale of goods agreement, 19, 26, 34 Satan, trial of, 74

Savigny, F.K.

Schilter,J., 94 scholia, 35 schools of law, 52-6, 67-8, 97-8, 124 Scotland, 87

Sentences of Paul, 31, 32 Sicily, 65

Siete partidas, 65—6, 87, 106 slaves, 6, 13, 18, 41 Solon’s law, 3, 78 Soto, Domenico, 95 Spain, 15, 31, 32, 65-6, 83, 86-7, 94-5, 96, 97,

106-7 Speculum judiciale, 58—9 Stephen of Tournai, 50 stipulatio, 10 Struve, G.A., 103-4 Suarez, Carl Gottlieb, 112 Suarez, Francisco, 95, 99 substantive law, 81, 98, 106 successions, 109 Sunesen, Anders, 66—7 Sweden, 104 Switzerland, 39

talion, 5 Tertullian, 25 texts, 17, 45-9, 76, 77-8, 128-9 theft, 5, 6, 18, 39 Theodore of Tarsus, 41 Theodoric the Great, 31 Theodosius I, emperor, 23—4 Theodosius II, emperor, 28, 60

Code of, 29, 31, 32, 33 theology, 25, 66, 67, 74, 94 Theophilus, 35

Thibaut, A.FJ., 116, 124 things, 19, 115

Thomasius, Christian (1655-1728), no, in, 112 three-sales rule, 7—8

Torelli, L., 77

Ties libri, 44, 56, 61

trial, 9

Tribonian, 33, 75

trivium, 46

Tübingen Law-Book, 55

Twelve Tables, 3-8, 10, 14, 78

Ulpian, 21, 25, 27, 28, 33, 59, 67, 129 universities, 53, 54, 56, 57, 75, 88, 89, 90, 97,

98, 104, 105, 124, 129 usufruct, 82, 115, 116, 120

Vacarius, 56

Valentinian III, emperor, 28, 29

Valla, Lorenzo, 75

Vandals, 30, 33 vassal-lord relationship, 84-5, 119-20

Venice, 72

vindicatio, 25

Vinnius, Arnold, 99-100, 101, 106-7 Visigoths, 22-3, 29, 31-2, 38, 39, 55, 65 Vitoria, Franciscus, 94—5, 96 Voet, Johannes, 100, 101 vulgar law, 38, 41

Weber, Max, 121 western empire, 22, 23, 29—32, 38—41

Church and, 41—3

Wexionius, Michael, 104 wills, 18, 72, 73, 80, 109, 127

Windscheid, B., 121, 122, 124

Wolff, Christian (1679-1754), no, 112 written laws, 27

Zasius, 76—7

Zeiller, Franz von, 113—14