Index

Acilius Glabrio, M'. (cos. 67, procos.

66), 370, 374

adscripti, 328, 341, 357 aediles: curule, 22, 27, 103, 247, 269, 300; plebeian, 27, 28, 103, 224, 247

Aemilius Lepidus, M.

Aemilius Lepidus, M. (cos. 78), 338, 344

Aemilius Lepidus, M. (pr. 49, IIIvir rei publicae constituendae, 43-36), 398, 423, 426

Aemilius Lepidus Porcina, M. (cos. 137), 307

Aerarium, 85, 250, 397, 398. See also archives

ager: Campanus, 12, 26, 64, 66, 68, 164, 203; compascuus, 153, 169; Falernus, 149; Faliscus, 157, 251; Gallicus, 147; patritus, 173; Picentinus, 157; Picenus, 347; privatus, 170, 171, 173; publicus, of Rome (public property of the Roman people), 5, 63, 64, 65, 67, 115, 149, 158, 159, 165, 170, 171, 172, 173, 204, 220, 249, 259, 293, 334, 346, 377, 443; publicus, of the Viturii Langenses, 168, 169; Stellas,

64, 243, 376 album iudicum, 303, 305, 352 alliances, 146, 166, 194, 198, 207, 227 allies, 26, 141, 146, 159, 167, 191, 298,

299, 300, 308, 333, 348; accommoda­tion, 161, 162, 163; enfranchisement, 192, 212, 228, 340, 341, 342, 343, 344, 357; Italian War, 10, 324, 325, 326, 327, 330; Latin, 146, 161, 194, 202, 357; laws regarding, 12, 117, 339, 340, 378; military experience, 206, 207, 209, 211; military obliga­tions, 194, 202, 210; provocatio, 199, 212; in Rome, 114, 200, 251, 256, 257, 261, 262, 263, 266, 270 alphabets, 144, 145, 202-3, 205;

Etruscan, 144; Greek, 144; Latin, 144, 205

ambitus. See crimes

Anicius Gallus, L. (propr. 167), 307 annulment of law, 315, 316, 331, 332,

334, 335, 337, 340, 388, 389, 426 antiquo, 100, 306 Antistius Vetus, C.? (promag. 68), 379 Antonius, C. (cos. 63), 393 Antonius, L. (tr. 44), 400

Antonius, M. (cos. 99), 271, 370

Antonius, M. (tr. 49, mag. eq. 47, cos. 44), 7, 19, 77, 122, 271, 338, 359, 368, 371, 390, 391, 396, 398, 399, 400, 403

Appian, 5, 88, 171, 258, 335

Appuleius Saturninus, L.

Apulia, 134, 139, 160, 345, 349; cattle trails, 136, 155; Roman settlement, 152, 158, 163, 164, 243, 244, 249; Samnites in, 145, 148; slave labor, 165,173

Aquillius Gallus, P. (tr. 55), 79 archives: filing procedures, 394-96;

records of law, 387, 394-98. See also Aerarium; census, records at Temple of the Nymphs

Arpinum, 65, 193, 199, 308

Asconius, 372

assemblies, electoral, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 249, 306, 309, 332, 387. See also centuriate assembly; tribal assemblies assidui, 212, 215, 220, 258 associations, 265, 266, 273; and Clodius, 381, 383, 386; in voting, 111, 112, 349. See also collegia; vici

Athens, 109, 121

Atilius, L. (tr. 210), 26, 27

Atticus. See Pomponius Atticus, T. auctoritas patrum, 15, 309, 310 augurs, 120, 152, 272, 306, 335 Augustus (emperor), 161, 272, 351, 404, 426, 427, 428, 433, 441. See also Julius Caesar Octavianus, C.

Aurelius Cotta, L. (pr. 70), 356, 393 Aurelius Cotta, M. (cos. 74), 346 Aurunculeius, C. (pr. 209), 25 auspices, 120, 387, 389

Bacchanalian conspiracy, 244, 273 Baebius Tamphilus, M. (procos. 180), 158

Balbus. See Cornelius Balbus, L. ballot: laws, 306-9, 310; secret, 429;

written, 13, 100, 102, 103, 111, 113,

306-9, 310, 312, 313 bandits, 349 Bantia, 191, 201 Bibulus. See Calpurnius Bibulus, M. Biferno valley, 154-55 boundaries, 13, 195, 214, 419, 428, 429;

fixed, 168, 169, 170, 173; fluid, 144, 149, 152, 160

boundary markers, 149, 152, 170 bronze tablets. See publication, on

bronze

Bruttium, 136, 165, 173

Caecilius (tr. 45), 400

Caecilius Metellus, L. (cos. 251, 247), 33 Caecilius Metellus, L. (tr. 49), 397 Caecilius Metellus Celer, Q. (pr. 63, cos.

60), 347, 376

Caecilius Metellus Macedonicus, Q.

(cos. 143), 307

Caecilius Metellus Nepos, Q. (tr. 62), 387, 388

Caecilius Metellus Numidicus, Q. (pro­cos. 108-106), 330

Caecilius Metellus Pius, Q. (procos.

88-82), 333, 338

Caelius Rufus, M. (pr.

Calpurnius Bibulus, M. (cos. 59), 79, 88,

91, 348, 349, 377, 382, 387, 389 Calpurnius Piso, C. (cos. 67), 371, 372,

373

Calpurnius Piso (Frugi), L. (tr. 89), 328,

341

Campania, 26, 164, 220, 271; region, 132, 134; Roman settlement, 146, 148, 149, 152, 153, 155, 156; Sam­nites in, 137, 141, 145, 157, 328; urbanization, 139, 140, 142

Campus Martius, 68, 85, 253, 254, 256;

census venue, 208, 246; voting venue, 102, 105

Cannae, Battle of, 23-24, 25, 287 Capitoline hill, 208, 244, 254, 396, 397;

voting venue, 102, 105

Capua, 63, 141, 165, 197, 214, 251, 333,

348; laws concerning, 26, 271; pun­ishment, 164, 166, 168, 199 Carthage, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 29, 167 Carvilius, L. (tr. 212), 26, 27 Carvilius, P (tr. 212), 26, 27 Cassius Dio, 77, 91, 348, 371, 377; pri­

vati, 88-89

Cassius Longinus, C. (cos. 73), 348 Cassius Longinus, L. (tr. 44), 400 Cassius Longinus Ravilla, L. (tr. 137),

307

Castor and Pollux, 142; Temple of, 377 Catilinarian conspiracy, 7, 114, 344,

374-75, 379

Catiline. See Sergius Catilina, L.

Cato (elder). See Porcius Cato, M. (cens.

184)

Cato (younger). See Porcius Cato, M. (q.

64?, tr. 62)

Catulus. See Lutatius Catulus, Q.

Celts. See Gauls censors, 5, 214, 269, 272, 290, 300, 313,

314, 359; building programs, 252-53,

258; census, 210, 213, 215, 217, 218, 219, 224, 228, 246, 336, 344; changes in office, 342-43, 357, 382; contracts and leases, 26, 249, 268, 294; lectio senatus, 289, 337, 351, 393 census: of Italian allies, 202, 210; of

Latin allies, 163, 202; records at Tem­ple of the Nymphs, 209; of Romans, 202, 207, 208-9, 213, 217, 218-20, 224, 226, 228, 248, 261, 343, 421. See also registration centuria praerogativa, 222, 223, 430 centuriate assembly: as lawmaking

assembly, 332, 334, 343; reform of,

213, 221, 223, 226, 300, 314 Chrysogenus, 345

Cicero. See Tullius Cicero, M.

Cimbri, 297, 315

Cincius Alimentus, M. (tr.

Circus Flaminius, 102, 254 Cisalpine Gaul, 132, 149, 328, 333, 357,

375, 378, 379, 398

cistae, 100

citizen status: cives optimo iure, 65, 101,

192, 193, 197, 199, 225, 325, 327, 342, 344; cives sine suffragio, 5, 65,

193, 197, 199, 200, 225, 244; of Latins, 167, 194-95, 197

civil liberties, 11, 12, 13, 167, 212. See also provocatio

civil wars, 3, 7, 64, 212, 257, 259, 393; 88-81 BCE, 325, 329, 332-34, 338, 341, 342, 344, 345, 346, 351, 426; 50-44 BCE, 258, 263, 347, 367, 368, 401, 403; 43-31 BCE, 427

clans, 27, 215, 287, 358, 381; appear­ance, 139-40; of lawmakers, 17, 18, 30, 32, 442; noble, 80, 286, 288, 298, 299, 307, 308, 416, 423

Claudius, Q. (tr. 218), 26, 27, 29 Claudius Caecus, Ap. (cens. 312), 300 Claudius Marcellus, M. (cos. 222, pr.

216, procos. 215), 25, 26, 29 Claudius Marcellus, M. (cos. 51), 93 Claudius Pulcher, Ap. (cos. 143), 90 Claudius Pulcher, Ap. (cos. 79), 380 clerks. See scribae

Clodius Pulcher, P (tr. 58), 19, 269, 369, 379, 380-86, 396, 440, 443; urban army, 265, 380, 381, 386

codex (wax-covered tablet), 81, 371 coinage, 217, 250, 268, 274, 390; as, 24, 26, 212, 213, 216, 217, 218, 220, 290, 327; laws concerning, 14, 24, 26, 327; production of, 152, 241, 270; sester­ces, 24, 213, 216, 217, 218, 220 collegia, 111, 112, 265, 266, 303, 349, 383, 416, 417, 423, 430

colonies, 145, 169, 211, 220, 224, 247, 257, 273, 298, 299; citizen, 245, 246, 251, 253; establishment of, 148, 149, 152, 153, 154, 156, 157, 166; Latin, 163-64, 194-95, 196, 198, 199, 200, 201, 210, 214, 226, 244, 287; laws concerning, 9, 12, 13, 15, 293, 327, 332, 379, 443; veteran, 163, 259, 296, 297, 334, 345, 350, 425

colonization, 63, 115, 149, 154, 171,

196, 243. See also colonies

comitia: centuriata, 103, 441; curiata, 442; tributa, 103, 224, 441. See also cen­turiate assembly; tribal assemblies, full

Comitium, 105, 139

comitium plebis, 103, 224, 441. See also tribal assemblies, plebeian

conciliabula, 154, 156, 226, 245 contio, 62, 87, 376.

copyists. See librarii

Cornelius, C. (tr. 67), 116, 371-72, 373 Cornelius Balbus, L., 85

Cornelius Cethegus, C. (promag. 201), 25

Cornelius Cinna, L. (cos. 87, 86-84), 329, 332, 333, 334, 336, 342, 346

Cornelius Dolabella, P. (tr. 47), 367, 399, 400, 403

Cornelius Lentulus, L. (procos. 201), 25

Cornelius Lentulus Sura, P. (cos. 71), 375

Cornelius Nepos, 292

Cornelius Scipio, P. (cos. 218), 23 Cornelius Scipio Africanus, P. (cos. 205, 194), 25, 27, 163, 260

Cornelius Scipio Africanus Aemilianus, P. (cos. 147), 123, 307

Cornelius Scipio Asiaticus, L. (cos. 83), 332

Cornelius Sulla Felix, L.: civil war, 64, 256, 258, 328, 341, 349, 391, 403; dictator, 3, 4, 13, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 325, 355, 389, 399, 402, 423, 426; lawmaker, 32, 225, 293, 298, 305, 339, 351, 356, 357, 373, 383, 393, 424; new citizens, 342-44

Cotta, M. See Aurelius Cotta, M. Crassus. See Licinius Crassus Dives, M. Crassus, P. See Licinius Crassus Dives

Mucianus, P.

crimes: ambitus, 15, 265, 299, 301, 308, 310, 371, 372, 373, 387, 396, 431, 443; capital, 335, 356, 393; falsa, 302, 336; iniuria, 302; maiestas, 271, 302, 327, 336, 374, 399; peculatus, 302, 336; perduellio, 26, 301; res repetun­dae, 78, 166, 194, 198, 301, 302, 311, 336, 431; sicarii and venefici, 302, 336; sodalicia, 302, 387; vis, 302, 387, 388, 399

curatores tribuum. See tribal officers Curia. See Senate House Curius, Q. (q. 71), 394 cursus honorum, 271, 290, 292, 356, 371, 373

custodes. See tribal officers

De Agricultura, 294-96

debt, 15, 268, 300; 91-88 BCE, 327, 330; after 81 BCE, 114, 257, 262, 345, 346, 347, 348; 49-44 BCE, 398, 399, 400, 401

De Legibus, 107, 108, 119, 308, 309, 394, 396

democracy, 106, 118, 121, 300, 306, 312 dictator, 23, 31, 32, 302, 309, 335, 337, 342, 355, 389, 423, 426, 441; legibus scribendis et rei publicae constituendae, 3, 17, 325, 334, 336, 399, 402, 441; rei gerundae causa, 25, 398 dies: comitiales, 249; fasti, 249, 269 Dio.

Domitius Ahenobarbus, Cn. (tr. 104), 70 Domitius Ahenobarbus, L. (pr. 58), 385 Drusus. See Livius Drusus, M. (tr. 91)

Ekklesia, 109 electoral bribery. See crimes, ambitus eloquentia popularis, 80 Elvius, P., 243, 244, 247 emperor (Roman), 4, 326, 338, 368, 403, 426, 427, 441

epulones, 244, 247, 272

equestrians (equites): as administrators and political leaders, 93, 287, 288, 289, 291, 292, 293, 302, 304, 305,

351-53, 379; class, 30, 217, 286, 287,

289, 290, 305, 332, 335, 337, 343, 352, 424; entry into Senate, 290, 335-36, 337, 393; new members, 217, 287, 289, 325, 343, 351, 353; prop­erty ratings, 215, 216, 217, 258, 287, 297, 300, 417, 419, 424. See also tri­buni aerarii

equites equo publico (equestrians with a public horse), 293, 297, 417; as administrators and political leaders, 351-53; in centuriate assembly, 221-22, 300; as jurors, 305, 335, 356; number and composition, 217, 289,

290, 305, 336, 357, 424; in Senate, 337, 351

Etruria, 132, 136, 140, 153, 157; Sullan settlements, 345, 346, 347

ex-slaves. See freedmen extermination, 157, 158, 174, 244, 334,

337

extortion. See crimes, res repetundae

Fabius Maximus Verrucosus Cunctator,

Q. (dict. 217), 25 Fabius Pictor, 212 Fadius (Gallus?), T. (tr. 57), 84, 85 Fannius, C. (cos. 122), 339 first voter, 113, 117, 118, 430. See also principium (first tribe)

Flaccus. See Fulvius Flaccus, M. Flaminius, C. (tr. 232, cos. II 217), 24,

26, 27, 29, 108, 353

Flavius, Cn. (aed. 304), 301 Fonteius, M., 381

fora, 154, 156, 226, 245, 249, 252 formulary procedure, 269

Forum, Roman, 3, 68, 77, 79, 102, 105, 119, 139, 240, 253, 311, 313, 367, 368

freedmen, 266, 307, 310, 326, 337, 381, 386, 417, 423; attitudes to, 123, 298, 300, 301; laws concerning, 10, 12, 330; tribal registration, 215, 255, 339, 340, 341

Fregellae, 148, 153, 162, 163, 199, 200 Fufius Calenus, Q. (pr. 59), 379, 380 Fulvius Flaccus, Cn. (pr. 212), 26 Fulvius Flaccus, M. (cos. 125), 199 Fulvius Flaccus, Q. (cos. 179), 158 Fulvius Nobilior, M. (cens. 179), 252,

253

Gabinius, A. (tr. 139), 307

Gabinius, A. (tr. 67), 19, 116, 370-71,

372, 373-74, 382

Gabinius, P., 374

Gallus. See Aquillius Gallus, P. games: of Apollo, 249, 253; of Ceres,

247; Plebeian, 247, 249; Roman, 243-44, 247, 249; state festivals, 247, 248, 272

Gauls, 23, 29, 132, 135, 144, 206, 259, 300, 346, 348. See also Cimbri;

Senones; Teutoni gentes. See clans Glabrio. See Acilius Glabrio, M'. Glaucia. See Servilius Glaucia, C. Gracchus, C(aius). See Sempronius

Gracchus, C.

grain distribution, 9, 114, 258, 260-61, 275, 293, 314, 338

Gratidius, M. (leg. 88), 331

Greeks, 68, 140, 240, 241, 242, 270; Ital- iote, 134, 139, 140, 145, 146, 172, 205

handbooks, 118, 136, 173, 294, 349, 350, 355, 431

Hannibal, 23, 24, 25, 26, 136, 146, 158, 161, 162, 163, 191, 287, 296, 416, 433

Hellenization, 145, 203

Helvius Cinna, C. (tr. 44), 400 herald, 5, 67, 69, 81, 100, 106, 119, 121,

222, 249, 264, 313, 326, 371, 387 Hercules, 135, 137, 143, 242, 254; Curi-

nus, 142

Hirtius, A. (tr. 48), 399

imperium, 31, 66, 73, 167, 270, 310, 375, 443; laws regarding, 9, 11, 12, 24, 25,

26, 28, 29 incestus, 380 infamia, 78, 304 interrex, 3, 334, 441 Italian peoples, 132, 141, 142, 144, 145;

Aequi, 137, 146, 148, 149, 153, 157, 200; Aurunci, 226; Campanians, 135, 137, 139, 140, 143, 146, 172, 197;

Etruscans, 135, 137, 139, 140, 143, 146, 172, 206, 240, 241, 242, 326;

Frentani, 154, 155; Hernici, 137, 200, 226; Ligurians, 135, 136, 137, 146, 158, 168-70, 172, 202, 204, 443;

Lucani, 134, 135, 137, 157, 161, 163, 191-92, 200-201, 207, 328; Mar­rucini, 135, 160; Marsi, 135, 160, 226, 265, 326, 327, 379, 381;

Paeligni, 135, 160, 162, 163, 226, 348; Picentes, 146, 158, 164; Prae- tutti, 193; Sabini, 146, 193, 225, 241, 242, 251; Samnites, 134, 135, 137, 146, 148, 152, 155, 156, 157, 161, 162, 201, 206, 242, 265, 326, 328, 333, 334, 337, 381; Sidicini, 135; Vestini, 135, 226; Volsci, 137, 146, 148, 149, 153, 157. See also Latins Italian War, 6, 10, 64, 132, 194, 211,

212, 215, 227, 228, 256, 259, 275, 288, 291, 298, 299, 325, 326-27, 328, 329, 331, 338, 340, 341, 342, 344, 347, 350, 353, 355, 357, 358, 359, 372, 389, 420, 424, 425; losses, 324, 336, 346, 351; Lucani, 191-92, 201;

Samnites, 326, 333 iudices. See jurors iudiciapublica (popular courts), 80, 101,

272, 303, 314 iurisdictio, 65, 270 ius civile, 204 ius commercii, 193 ius conubii, 193, 340 iussapopuli (lit., the Roman people's commands), 101, 106, 306, 397 iustitium, 331

Jugurtha, 167, 296, 330

Julius Caesar, C., 64, 85, 86, 93, 226, 260, 264, 265, 267, 338, 346, 349, 374, 390, 391; assassination, 10, 122, 325, 350, 403, 425; civil war, 7, 258, 367; Clodius, 380, 381; dictator, 3, 4, 13, 17, 18, 20, 325, 402, 423, 426; First Triumvirate, 375-76; as law­maker, 19, 32, 116; lawmaking in 59 BCE, 376-78, 379, 382, 384, 387, 389, lawmaking between 49 and 44 BCE, 397-401; public debate, 79, 88-89, 91; Senate, 311, 351, 368; veterans, 297, 350

Julius Caesar Octavianus, C., 7, 338, 368, 423, 426

Jupiter, 196, 243, 247; Capitoline temple of, 105, 243; Latiaris, 140, 196; role in voting, 120, 121, 223

jurors, 286, 314, 352, 390; laws concern­ing, 224, 225, 290, 305-6, 335, 356-57, 378, 379, 380; lex Repetun­darum, 302-3, 304, 311, 312

land: allotments, 68, 148, 153, 161, 163, 211, 215, 260, 297, 334, 345, 350; commissions, 13, 28, 65, 69, 72, 73, 149, 163, 171, 303, 315, 375, 376; con­fiscations, 15, 64, 142, 154, 159, 160, 163, 166, 172, 195, 205, 214, 291, 297, 334; distributions, 64, 65, 68, 73, 77,

148, 161, 163, 165, 211, 215, 260, 297, 298, 337, 345, 350, 377, 417, 444; grants, 148, 154, 172, 296, 337, 350, 416; use of, 139-40, 142-43, 152-53, 155-56, 159-60, 420; valuation of, 218, 220; viritane (viritim) grants, 148,

149,157, 161, 215, 443 languages, 132, 140, 141, 143, 144, 162,

191, 202-3, 205, 267, 315, 326; Etruscan, 140, 204; Latin, 140, 192, 194, 196, 197, 202, 203, 210, 296, 313; Oscan, 132, 134, 135, 140, 141, 191, 201, 203, 204, 296; Umbrian, 141, 204

Latins, 5, 132, 135, 192, 198, 203; citi­zenship, 192, 200, 357, 358, 392, 421; in colonies, 148, 149, 244; laws con­cerning, 167, 199, 204, 340, 341; mil­itary service, 161, 163, 206, 207, 211, 296; new Latins, 193-97; Roman domination, 146, 163, 171, 172, 174, 205; in Rome, 240, 242, 243, 250, 255, 256, 261, 262, 270, 443; urban culture, 137, 139, 140, 143, 145; vot­ing, 246, 310, 339. See also allies; citi­zen status

leagues: Latin, 140, 141, 193, 196, 197, 198; Sabellian, 14; Samnite, 144, 145 leases, 12, 26, 81, 159, 295. See also rents lectio senatus (review of Senate), 289,

337, 357 leges sacratae, 390 legis actio, 268, 270 Lepidus. See Aemilius Lepidus, M. (pr.) Lepta, Q., 85 lex: Aelia (ca. 153), 310, 382; Agraria,

4-5, 6, 80-81, 170-73, 174, 175, 295, 345; Antonia (49), 400; Antonia de proscriptorum liberis, 398, 400; Appuleia, 389; Aquilia de damno, 4; Aurelia iudiciaria, 225, 305, 356, 381; Baebia de ambitu, 302; Caecilia Didia, 311, 396; Calpurnia de repetundis, 271, 301, 302, 303; Cin­cia, 30; Claudia, 29, 30; Clodia annonaria, 383; Clodia de capite civis Romani, 384; Clodia de censoria notione, 382; Clodia de collegiis restituendis, 266, 383; Clodia de exilio Ciceronis, 384; Clodia de iure et tempore legum rogandarum, 382; Clodia de provincia consulare, 385; Clodia de provinciis consularibus, 383; Cornelia de iniuriis, 385; Cor­nelia de legibus solvendis (67), 372, 373; Cornelia de tribunicia potestate, 356; Cornelia de XX quaestoribus, 271, 335, 337; Cornelia iudiciaria, 337, 356; de Gallia Cisalpina, 400; Flaminia, 157, 214, 443; Fufia (ca. 153), 310, 382; Fufia de incestu, 381; Gabinia de bello piratico, 77, 374;

Hirtia de Pompeianis, 399, 400; Hor­tensia de nundinis, 269; Hortensia de plebiscitis, 4, 111; lulia (90), 192, 215, 328, 341, 342, 357; Iulia (45), 444; lulia agraria (59), 377; lulia de bonis cedendis, 401; Iulia de pecuniis repetundis (59), 378, 384, 401; Iulia de provinciis, 401; Iulia de sacer­dotiis, 401; Iulia de vi, 388; Iulia iudi­ciaria (46), 305, 401; Iunia, 126, 199; Iunia de repetundis, 303; Licinia Iunia, 92, 395, 396; Livia, 389; Manilia de imperio Cn. Pompei, 77;

Maria, 310; Metilia, 29; Papiria tabel­laria, 102; Plautia (89), 225; Plautia de vi, 388; Plautia Papiria, 328, 341; Pompeia de vi, 388, 398; Pompeia Licinia tribunicia potestate, 356; Por­cia, 212; Publicia, 30; Publilia, 224; Quinctia de aquaeductibus, 272;

Repetundarum, 198, 199, 302-4, 305;

Rubria (before 123), 303; Sempronia agraria (133), 6, 115, 171; Sempronia agraria (123), 152, 171; Sempronia de capite civis, 384; Sempronia de provinciis consularibus (123-122), 384; Sempronia iudiciaria (122), 305; Silia, 272; Sulpicia (date unknown), 272; Titia, 389; Valeria de Sulla dic­tatore, 3, 334, 335; Varia de maies­tate, 327; Vatinia de provincia Caesaris, 378; Vatinia de reiectione iudicum, 378; Visellia, 251 lex nova, 72, 335, 433 librarii, 72, 250 Licinius Crassus Dives, M. (cos. 70, 55),

64; Cicero, 85, 86, 384; commander, 346, 348; First Triumvirate, 376, 377, 382; lawmaking, 116, 356; privatus, 88, 89

Licinius Crassus Dives Mucianus, P. (cos. 131), 90

Licinius Lucullus, C. (tr. 196), 247 Licinius Lucullus, L. (procos. 73-67),

116, 370, 374, 376, 380, 383 Licinius Murena, L. (cos. 62), 396

Licinius Varus, P. (pr. urb. 208), 27 Liguria, 158, 168, 201 Livius Drusus, M. (tr. 122), 88, 293, 294 Livius Drusus, M. (tr. 91), 13, 315, 327,

340, 391, 392

Livy, 29, 145, 165, 200, 214, 252, 302; assemblies, 22, 23; privati, 86-88, 92 lottery, 102, 120, 121, 221, 223 Lucania, 165, 173 Lucullus. See Licinius Lucullus, L. Lutatius Catulus, Q. (cos. 78), 108, 338, 370, 374

magistrates, minor (magistratus minores), 224, 269. See also individual offices maiestas. See crimes

Manilius (Crispus?), C. (tr. 66), 374, 389 Manlius Acidinus, L. (procos. 206-199),

25

Marcellus. See Claudius Marcellus, M.

(cos. 222, pr. 216, procos. 215) Marcellus. See Claudius Marcellus, M.

(cos. 51)

Marcius Philippus, L. (cens. 86), 336 Marcius Sermo, M. (tr. 172), 204 Marius, C. (cos. 107, 104-100, 86), 78,

80, 194; civil war, 328, 329, 330, 331, 332, 333, 334, 336, 342; lawmaker, 102, 310; reputed grandson, 391, 392; veterans, 115, 172, 259, 296-97, 315 Marius, C. (cos. 82), 333 Marius Gratidianus (of Arpinum), 308 Marius Gratidianus, M. (pr. 85), 390-91 markets: laws concerning, 11, 12, 102, 268, 269, 275; management of (in Rome), 247, 266, 267, 270, 274, 309, 347; market days, 249, 268, 309; mar­ket economy, 137; regional and local in Italy, 139, 141, 142, 154, 155-56, 160-61, 164, 193, 195, 201, 202, 211, 244, 245, 294, 420; in Rome, 240-41, 243, 248, 249, 250, 252, 253, 254, 258, 259. See also nundinae Maximus. See Fabius Maximus Verruco­sus Cunctator, Q.

Menula of Anagnia, 386

Messius, C. (tr. 57), 84

Metelius, M. (tr. 220?, 217), 25, 27

Metellus Celer. See Caecilius Metellus Celer, Q.

Metellus Nepos. See Caecilius Metellus Nepos, Q.

migration: chain, 162-63; permanent, 118, 162; serial, 264; temporary, 118, 135, 137, 142, 143. See also transhu- mance

military levies, 161, 163, 208, 246, 248, 334

military tribunes. See tribunes, military

Minucius (tr. 91?), 340

Minucius, M. (tr. 216), 27

Minucius Rufus, M. (mag. eq. 217, dict. 217), 25

Minucius Rufus, M. (tr. 121), 293, 294, 389

Minucius Rufus, M. and Q. (special com­mission 117), 25, 168, 202, 417

Minucius Thermus, Q. (tr. 201), 27 Mithridates (king), 77, 328, 329, 330, 332, 333, 346, 369, 370, 374, 378, 385 monetization, 52, 205, 220

Mucius Scaevola, P. (cos. 133), 90 municipia, 5, 110, 193, 199, 204, 215, 226, 244, 245, 299

Nerva (emperor), 4, 427

new men (political newcomers), 65, 95, 286, 288-89, 298, 351, 352, 356, 368, 425; as lawmakers, 18, 19, 20, 32, 378, 379

Ninnius Quadratus, L. (tr. 58), 384, 385 nobiles, 70, 71, 288, 298, 301, 308, 356, 357, 368, 385

Norbanus, C. (cos. 83), 332, 333

novi homines. See new men

nundinae, 92, 119, 249

oaths, 295-96, 304, 376, 377, 390; mili­tary, 26, 208, 296, 433

obnuntiatio, 87, 309, 377, 382, 387

Octavian. See Julius Caesar Octavianus, C.

Octavius (tr. 133), 5, 6, 79 Octavius, C. (procos. 60), 349 Opimius, L. (cos. 121), 307 oppida, 141, 153, 156, 214, 226 Oppius, C. (tr. 215), 26, 27

Papirius Carbo, C. (tr. 89), 327, 328 Papirius Carbo, Cn. (tr. 130), 307 Papirius Carbo, Cn. (cos. 85, 84, 82),

333 patron-client relationships, 80, 140, 143,

202, 266, 267, 273, 274, 288, 295-96, 297-99, 300, 304, 380, 383, 386; fides, 298, 303

patronus (legal representative), 303 perduellio. See crimes

Perperna, M. (cens. 86), 336 Perperna Vento, M. (leg. 77), 338 Picenum, 132, 136; Roman settlement,

149, 158; and Sulla, 333, 345, 346, 347

pirates, 77, 108, 271, 346, 349, 369, 370, 377, 383

Piso. See Calpurnius Piso, C.

Plautius Silvanus, M. (tr. 89), 327, 328 Plautus, 106, 109 plebs, 4, 20, 21, 25, 68, 73, 103, 381, 383,

423; Romana, 22, 113; urbana (urban or city), 113, 114

Pliny the Elder, 218 Pompeia, 380 Pompeius Magnus, Cn., 7, 19, 254, 260,

379, 382, 384, 395, 399, 400; arrange­ments in east, 377, 378; First Tri­umvirate, 375, 376; lawmaker, 116, 325, 355-56; lex Gabinia, 77, 108, 109, 370, 371, 373, 374; military commands, 346, 348, 349, 383, 385, 386; privatus, 85, 86, 88, 89; rogatio Servilia agraria, 63, 64, 68; supports Sulla, 333, 338; Varro, 350, 354 Pompeius Rufus, Q. (cos. 88), 18, 330,

331, 342, 389 Pompeius Strabo, Cn. (cos. 89), 192,

328, 329, 332, 333 Pomponius Atticus, T., 82, 83, 84, 85,

92, 292

pontes, 100, 113, 117, 310

pontifex maximus, 25, 73, 90, 224, 243, 264, 381, 392

Popillius Laenas, M. (procos. 172), 204 Popillius Laenas, P. (cos. 132), 165 population: increase in size of Roman, 105, 285, 344; Italian, 206-7; Latin, 206

populus Romanus, 20, 22, 104, 113

Porcius Cato, L. (cos. 89), 327

Porcius Cato, M. (cens. 184), 173, 288, 294-96

Porcius Cato, M. (q. 64?, tr. 62), 79, 89, 91, 374, 377, 382, 385, 386, 395

Postumius, M., of Pyrgi, 26

praeco. See herald praefecti, 175, 245; Capuam Cumas, 164, 224, 271; cohortum, 210; sociorum, 202, 210

praetor: city or urban (urbanus), 27, 175, 249, 270, 371, 380, 399; peregrine (peregrinus), 86, 249, 270, 399 prescript (heading), 113; (testimonial), 119-20

principium (first tribe), 97, 113, 430 privati, 81, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 92, 170, 171

privilegium, 384 procedures (lawmaking): function of, 392; obstructions to, 389; promulgatio (formal promulgation), 71, 83, 84, 86, 90, 91, 92, 109, 119, 326, 385, 415, 416, 440. See also trinundinum

professio, 218

Pro Lege Manilia, 62, 89

proletarii, 212, 213, 215, 221, 222, 422 promulgatio. See procedures property ratings, 29, 212-13, 216-18, 220-21

proscriptions, 3, 64, 114, 256, 258, 298, 300, 304, 334, 336, 337, 345, 351 provocatio, 11, 13, 166, 167, 193, 199, 212, 297. See also civil liberties Ptolemy Auletes (king), 378 publication: advertisement of proposal,

85, 91, 326, 390, 395; on bronze, 4,

85, 113, 122, 168, 191, 201, 335, 394, 396-97, 438, 444; on notice boards, or white-washed wood tablets (alba), 311, 312-13, 367, 390; recitation of proposal, 81, 100, 119, 121, 122, 371, 387, 390; of Senate deliberations, 311, 376, 379; significance of, 70, 74, 121, 122, 310-14, 376

Publicius Bibulus, C. (tr. 209), 25, 27 public meetings, 62, 74, 86, 88, 90, 91,

93, 94, 95, 108, 122, 311, 326, 354, 384, 418

Publilius Philo, Q. (dict. 339), 309 Punic Wars, 288; First, 161, 209, 211, 241, 268, 329; Second, 7, 10, 11, 13, 16, 17, 18, 21, 31, 32, 33, 146, 154, 159, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 191, 194, 199, 207, 216, 220, 249, 251, 254, 271, 296, 335, 369, 375, 415

Pupius Piso Frugi Calpurnianus, M. (cos. 61), 85, 380, 383, 384

quaestiones: special courts (or commis­sions) of inquiry, 9, 12, 13, 14, 30, 204, 262, 267, 271, 272, 301, 305, 314, 352, 380-81, 384, 443; standing courts, 204, 271, 286, 302, 303, 305, 306, 314, 336, 390, 419

quaestors, 16, 24, 224, 271, 286, 302, 335, 337, 352

Quinctius, L. (pr. 68), 370 quinqueviri cis uls Tiberim, 266, 270 Quirites, 113

recitation. See publication record-keeping, 209, 210, 250, 394-97.

See also archives; writing, uses of recuperatores, 305, 332 Reform Acts, English, 428-30 registration (as citizens), 333, 346, 357, 358, 421, 430; in centuries, 212, 216, 217, 218-19, 220, 289, 338, 422, 424; in tribes, 194, 199, 212, 214, 215, 225, 226, 227-28, 246, 255, 261-62, 300-301, 327-28, 330, 386 relocation, 157, 158, 159, 164, 168 rents, 67, 159, 160, 169, 172, 173, 218, 252, 263, 293, 399, 400 res repetundae. See crimes revenues, 66, 67 Rhetorica ad Herennium, 75 Rhodes, 86 roads: laws concerning, 13, 14, 261, 268, 272; pre-Roman, 137, 250-51, 420; Roman, 154, 165, 169, 173, 214, 243, 244, 245, 250-52, 254, 259

rogatio (query), 119; Caelia de novis tab­ulis, 400; Caelia de pecunia creditis, 400; Cornelia de ambitu, 372; Cor­nelia de mercedibus habitionum annuis, 400; Cornelia de novis tabu­lis, 400; Flavia agraria, 91; Pupia Valeria, 380; Scribonia, 251; Servilia agraria, 64, 65, 74, 77, 311 rogatores. See tribal officers Roscius Fabatus, L. (pr. 49), 398 Roscius Otho, L. (tr. 67), 370, 372, 373 Rutilius Lupus, P. (cos. 90), 326

Sallust (Sallustius Crispus, C.), 114, 262, 345, 348, 375

sanctuaries: common, 140, 142; to Her­cules Curinus, 142; to Marica, 142; as markets, 142

Saturninus. See Appuleius Saturninus, L. scribae, 82, 250, 385 scriptor legum, 85

Sempronius Gracchus, C., 19, 25, 32, 70, 81, 88, 89, 117, 152, 165, 199, 205, 251, 258, 260, 294, 295, 314, 315, 335, 338, 384, 389, 391, 393, 401, 427

Sempronius Gracchus, Ti., 5, 10, 13, 72, 73, 79, 90, 116, 117, 204, 220, 259, 338, 353, 370, 384, 391, 392, 393

Senate decrees (senatus consulta), 76, 117, 149, 163, 168, 193, 205, 250, 256, 257, 260, 342, 368, 372, 373, 374, 375, 388, 393, 395, 443

Senate House, 84, 108, 139, 385, 391 senatus consultum ultimum, 388, 393

Senones, 157, 214

Sententia Minuciorum, 168-70, 171,

201-2, 205, 296

Sergius Catilina, L. (pr. 68), 380, 391, 393; Clodius and, 381, 384, 386; con­spiracy, 374, 375; popular support, 114, 257, 262, 347, 348, 349

Sertorius, Q. (pr. 83), 329, 333, 338 Servilius Caepio, Q. (procos. 105), 345 Servilius Geminus, C. (cos. 203), 28 Servilius Geminus, Cn. (cos. 217), 25 Servilius Glaucia, C. (tr. 101), 312 Sestius, P. (tr. 57), 84 slaves, 24, 26, 28, 102, 165, 173, 192,

203, 240, 241, 250, 255, 256, 263,

265, 274, 295, 307, 346, 348; former (see freedmen)

socii. See allies

socii Latini nominis. See allies, Latin sodalicia. See crimes

sodalitates, 111, 349, 423, 430. See also crimes, sodalicia

soldiers: veterans, 5, 63, 64, 115, 116, 117, 148, 163, 172, 174, 204, 225,

256, 257, 259, 297, 298, 315, 316, 331, 332, 333, 334, 335, 337, 345, 347, 377, 381, 382; as voters, 116,

257, 259, 331. See also military levies; property ratings

Spartacus, 7, 344, 348, 349, 356 Statilius, L., 375

Statius Albius Oppianicus, 393 Strabo (consul). See Pompeius Strabo,

Cn.

Strabo (geographer), 192, 200, 201 suasio, 69, 77

Subura, 264, 265

Sulla. See Cornelius Sulla Felix, L. Sulpicius, P (tr. 88), 329, 330, 331, 332,

336, 340, 341, 342, 388, 389, 392

tabellae, 100. See also ballot, written Tabula Hebana, 222

Tabula Heracleensis, 272, 444 Temple of the Nymphs, 209 tenants, 104, 163, 165, 347

Terentius Varro, M., 101, 102, 103, 118, 136, 349, 350, 354, 355 termini. See boundary markers Teutoni, 297

Ti. Gracchus. See Sempronius Gracchus, Ti.

Titius, Sex. (tr. 99), 389 tota Italia, 110 transhumance, 134-37, 141, 142, 143, 155, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 165, 168, 169, 170, 172, 173, 174, 251, 295

Transpadani, 192, 262, 328, 398, 400 Trebellius, L. (tr. 67), 370, 371 Trebonius, C. (tr. 55, pr. urb. 48), 79, 88, 89, 399

tresviri agris dandis adsignatis, 65, 224, 302, 303. See also land, commissions tresviri capitales, 224, 270, 302, 303, 336, 393. See also Vigintisexvirate

tresviri monetales, 70, 270

Triarius. See Valerius Triarius, C. tribal assemblies, 16, 31, 101, 105, 111, 113, 121, 216, 224, 225, 246, 271, 335, 376, 430; full, 31, 103, 120, 224, 270, 343; plebeian, 16, 31, 103, 111, 120, 224, 332, 342, 343 tribal officers: curatores tribuum, 112, 218, 224; custodes, 100, 102, 306; diribitores, 100, 306; divisores, 112, 265, 299, 371, 381; rogatores, 102, 306, 307

tribes: Falerna, 220; Fufia, 265; Palatina, 380, 381; Poblilia, 226; Quirina, 225, 226; Sergia, 226; Teretina, 226; Velina, 220

tribesmen, rural, 114, 115, 259, 264-65, 381

tribunes, military, 10, 24, 27, 80, 103, 208, 209, 210, 211, 224, 287, 288, 290-91, 292, 302, 303, 350, 352, 369, 421, 424

tribuni aerarii, 217, 306, 352, 356, 379, 393, 417, 424

tribuni militum. See tribunes, military trinundinum (advertising interval), 92,

119, 122, 249, 269, 311, 326, 389 triumviri rei publicae constituendae, 423,

426, 441

Tullius Cicero, M., 22, 23, 80, 110, 111, 112, 114, 122, 212, 298, 304, 311, 339, 356, 372, 378, 428, 433; back­ground, 194, 292; ballot laws, 306, 307, 308, 309; Catilinarian conspir­acy, 374, 375, 393; Clodius, 381, 384, 396; exile, 384-85; law-drafting, 82-85, 86, 87, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94; new man, 18, 95, 389; orator, 62, 63, 65-77, 78, 96, 100, 106, 107, 113, 418, 431. See also De Legibus

Tullius Cicero, Q. (pr. 62), 223, 348, 431 Twelve Tables, 297

Umbria, 4, 132, 136, 160 usufructus, 173

uti rogas, 100, 306, 316, 380

Valerius Flaccus, L. (interrex 82), 3, 334 Valerius Maximus, 258

Valerius Tappo, C. (tr. 188), 199 Valerius Triarius, C. (leg. 67), 370, 374 Varius Severus Hibrida, Q. (tr. 90), 225,

327, 340

Varro. See Terentius Varro, M.

Vatinius, P. (tr. 59), 19, 110, 111, 116,

378-79

Velleius Paterculus, 324

Vergil, 161

veto, 5, 119, 121, 199, 335, 342; reasons,

87, 88, 92, 94; use after 70 BCE, 94, 370, 371, 373, 375, 377, 381, 382, 383, 385, 387, 388 viasiei or vicani, 173 vici (neighborhoods), 112, 240, 241, 264,

266, 381, 390; rural, 141, 226 vicomagistri, 266, 267, 416 Vigintisexvirate, 269, 352 villa, 155, 369

Villa Publica, 102, 208, 334 vis. See crimes

Visellius Varro, C., 84 vitia legis, 87 vote, oral, 307 voting order: centuries, 222; tribes, 72,

100, 121

writing, uses of, 208-9, 210, 309, 312-13