Index

adaptation, 36, 65, 116, 130–31, 154, 184

Agricultural Conservation Easement Program (ACEP), 155–56

agricultural practices & systems, 1–9, 12–13, 15–16, 18, 35–61, 63–109, 111–82, 187–89, 192–96, 201–17, 219–20, 222–23, 231–34, 236–37

agroecology, 28, 72, 98

agroforestry, 58, 63, 64, 67–69, 71, 107, 169, 171–73, 209

carbon farming, 72, 121, 144, 151–52, 177, 184, 211, 217

climate-friendly, 115

conventional, 73–74, 170, 174, 192, 219

diversified vs.

grazing, 64, 91–93, 106, 109, 179, 241

organic, 73–74, 118, 151, 236

perennial, 169, 171–76, 179

regenerative, 212, 236

sustainable, 28, 114, 119, 122–23, 140, 148–50, 154, 206, 229, 236

Agricultural Research Service (ARS), 114–15

Agricultural Resource Management Survey (ARMS), 21, 124, 194

Agricultural Risk Coverage (ARC), 141–42

Agriculture and Food Research Institute (AFRI), 114, 173

Agriculture Resilience Act, 165–66

alley cropping, 64, 68, 70, 72, 105–06, 124, 138, 144, 152, 170–72

ammonia, 164, 185–86, 189, 221–22

anaerobic, 98–99, 109, 150, 184, 198–201

animal feed, 5, 8, 36–38, 42–46, 60, 71, 75, 90, 93, 100, 190, 195, 221, 231

animal feeding operations (AFOs), 27, 29, 63, 94–97, 151, 178, 183, 185–86, 195, 199, 204, 228

antibiotics, 95, 101

antimicrobial, 95

aquaculture, 229

Biden, Joe, 150–51, 176

biochar, 64, 83

biofuels, 8, 26, 38, 45, 66, 70, 74–76, 107, 190–91, 203, 224

aggregate compliance, 190–91, 203

biogas, 99, 198, 200

biomass, 1, 4, 58–59, 66–67, 69, 72, 75, 81, 88–89, 99, 107, 191, 202–03, 209, 222

biosolids, 82–83

244

breeds, 70, 172

Building Blocks program, 78, 134–35

Bureau of Land Management (BLM), 113, 167–68

byproducts, 74–75, 89–90, 108

carbon bank, 144, 211

carbon farming, 4, 31, 70, 111, 124, 165, 184, 235

carbon markets, 7, 210–12, 215, 217

carbon offset markets, 210–11

carbon opportunity cost, 49–51, 53, 61, 75, 222

carbon pricing, 201–02, 204

carbon sequestration, 5, 50, 59, 61, 66, 68, 79, 89, 93, 98, 107, 113, 135, 144–45, 152, 178, 196, 215, 241

Census of Agriculture, 15, 18

certification, 235–36

Clean Air Act (CAA), 150, 182–88, 226, 228

Clean Water Act (CWA), 188

climate change, 60, 77, 141, 242

climate-friendly, 32, 111, 116, 236

climate hubs, 131, 134

climate-neutral, 3, 103–04, 106, 116, 118, 134–35, 163–64, 177, 227, 242

Commodity Credit Corporation, 12, 143–44, 174

commodity crops, 81, 84–85, 163

compost, 94, 227

Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA), 189–90

concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs), 4, 27, 29–30, 42, 55–56, 94–96, 102, 108, 112, 121, 164, 178, 185–89, 197, 199–200, 204

conservation, 63–64, 72, 76–77, 79–81, 102, 105–06, 119, 128–29, 132–33, 145–49, 151–59, 172–73, 196, 207–08, 226–27

conservation compliance, 123, 141, 157–58

conservation easements, 154, 196, 205, 208

Conservation Innovation Grants, 119

conservation practices, 128, 132–34, 139–41, 149, 152, 154, 171

Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program (CREP), 147

Conservation Reserve Program (CRP), 145–46, 152–53

CLEAR30, 146–47

Continuous CRP (CCRP), 146

Conservation Stewardship Program (CSP), 132

conservation technical assistance, 132–33

conversion, 90, 190

Cooperative Extension Service (CES), 129–31

Coronavirus Food Assistance Program (CFAP), 143

245

Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE), 192

credits, agricultural, 136, 160–61

crop insurance, 137–38, 166

data, 15–16, 25, 27, 42, 44–45, 47–48, 50, 64, 66, 78, 80, 123–24, 128, 159–60, 220–21

current population survey, 15, 18

data collection and analysis, 123

digesters, 99, 150, 199, 201, 204

discrimination, 27, 160–61

diversified farming, 66, 72, 81, 107, 118, 174

drought, 3, 36, 92

easements, 155, 196, 207–08, 217

ecological leftovers (see also livestock), 75, 90

Economic Research Service (ERS), 1, 12, 18, 20, 24, 38, 86, 117–18, 123–26, 194, 235

Ecosystem Service Market Consortium, 210, 212

electricity, 102, 199, 222

Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA), 185, 189, 190

emissions, 38–48, 51, 53–55, 57, 79, 83, 85–87, 91–94, 96, 99–102, 154–56, 183–85, 187–88, 198–99, 219–26

agricultural emissions, 4, 6–7, 35, 38–39, 41–43, 46–48, 54–56, 60–61, 63, 87, 90, 104, 121, 123, 126–27

methane and nitrous oxide emissions, 181, 183, 189, 203

energy, 102–03, 151, 154, 157, 194, 198–200, 207, 219–22, 224, 226, 228–29, 234

energy efficiency, 224, 228, 207

enteric fermentation, 41–42

Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP), 148–49, 151–53

Environmental Working Group (EWG), 96, 100, 145–46, 154

erosion, 71, 159, 93, 89

exports, 1, 143, 162, 223–24

externalities 4, 72, 111

Farm Bill, 119–20, 127–29, 133, 135, 137, 139, 141–42, 145–47, 149, 151–57, 159, 162, 164, 166, 171–72

2008 Farm Bill, 123, 127, 151, 155, 157, 177, 234

Section 1619, 127–29

2014 Farm Bill, 120, 135, 137, 141, 151, 155, 157, 162, 171

2018 Farm Bill, 119, 133, 135, 139, 141–42, 145–46, 152–56, 159, 162

Farm Bill Law Enterprise, 127

Farm Credit System (FCS), 136, 160–62, 170

Farm Service Agency (FSA), 136, 145–47, 156–58, 160–62, 170, 197

246

farmers, 11, 13, 15, 25–27, 78, 80–82, 84, 86, 88, 137–38, 151–53, 160–61, 205–06, 211–12, 236

black and non-white, 6, 13–15, 23, 26–27, 31–33, 125

indigenous, 15

farms, 11–33, 36, 91, 93, 100, 102, 111–79, 206–07, 213, 219, 221–23, 225, 227

dairy farms, 96, 150, 198

lifestyle and paper farms, 13, 15–17, 19, 32, 164

farmworkers, 22, 25–26, 32, 112

Federal Crop Insurance Corporation (FCIC), 140–41, 171

fertility, 91

fertilizers, 40, 84–86, 106, 122, 170, 194, 220–21

4Rs, 84

enhanced-efficiency fertilizer, 192, 203, 206

slow-release fertilizer, 85

finance, 11, 18, 24, 174, 206

floods, 87, 138

food security, 128, 157

food system, 2, 15, 69, 116, 118, 147, 221

food waste, 223, 225

forage, 70

Good Farming Practices, 138

Government Accountability Office (GAO), 138

grains (see also Kernza and rice), 71, 75, 190

grazing (see also livestock), 59, 64, 70, 88, 90–93, 98, 109, 166–68, 201

management-intensive grazing, 91

multi-paddock grazing, 91–92

prescribed grazing, 64, 91, 106

rotational grazing, 91–93, 109, 179, 241

Great Depression, 14, 163

Growing Climate Solutions Act, 211

hazardous air pollutant (HAP), 186

Healthy Forests Reserve Program, 156

heat stress, 35

herbicide, 68, 78

herd health, 55, 93, 109

Homestead Act, 22

Indigo Agriculture, 210, 212

inequality, 2–3, 24, 233

intensification, 72, 82

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), 51–53, 67, 88, 93, 96, 231

Internal Revenue Service, 15, 17, 196

irrigation, 85–86, 121

247

Irrigation Innovation Consortium, 121

Kernza, 71, 121, 172

labor, 12–13, 23

landfills, 224–25

legumes, 37

Leopold Center, 122

life-cycle assessment, 50, 93, 223

livestock (see also grazing), 3, 51, 59, 70, 90–91, 93, 95–98, 100, 108, 195, 199

maize, 188

Market Facilitation Program (MFP), 135, 143, 171

markets, 1, 70, 86, 135, 144, 162–63, 171, 184, 210–13, 216, 235

measurement, 70, 209–10

meat, 46, 231, 238–39

methane, 42–43, 52, 54–55, 83, 99–101, 181, 184, 194, 225–27

methane inhibitors, 100–01

microorganisms, 41, 87

mitigation, 64–65, 69, 78–79, 81, 86, 91, 93–94, 96, 100, 116, 184

models, 39, 55–56, 73, 91, 146, 166, 186, 192–93, 203, 209

National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), 123

National Agroforestry Center, 172–73

national ambient air quality standards (NAAQS), 183, 185

National Cover Crop Initiative, 120

National Institute of Food and Agriculture, 114–15, 119, 131

National School Lunch Program, 232

National Sustainable Agriculture Coalition, 119

Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS), 63–64, 102, 119, 129, 132–33, 139, 148–49, 151–59, 161, 167, 172, 200–01

New Deal, 13–14, 22–23, 175

nitrification, 87

nitrogen, 59, 82, 84–86, 91, 188, 192, 194, 220, 222

nitrous oxide, 3, 40, 53, 68, 85–86, 98, 100, 104, 181, 185, 187

Nori, 210, 212–13

nutrients, 6, 68–69, 72–73, 82, 85, 95, 98, 100, 105–06, 148, 158

Office of Inspector General (OIG), 157, 197

Organic Farming Research Foundation, 118, 206

pasture, 88, 90, 93

payments for ecosystem services, 165, 175

perennial agriculture, 64, 69–72, 76, 81, 107, 121, 168–70, 172–74

alley cropping, 64, 68, 70, 72, 105–06, 124, 138, 144, 152, 170–72

perennial crops, 37, 66, 69–71, 81, 89, 107, 119, 121, 161, 169–70, 172–76, 206

perennial practices, 169, 171–76, 179

pesticides, 30, 74, 112

248

pests, 131, 148

pollinators, 147

precision agriculture, 85

price loss coverage, 141–42, 171

private sector, 7, 117, 120, 130, 169, 235

procurement, 232, 235

productivity, 59, 69–70, 90–91, 94, 116, 127

profitability, 13, 19, 82, 112, 115, 160, 172, 201, 237

public health, 77, 112, 177, 230, 233

ranchers, 89, 236

rangeland, 59, 91, 166, 168

regenerative agriculture, 4, 63, 140, 212, 236

Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative, 201

renewable fuel standard, 75, 182, 190

research

budget, 50, 114–15, 118, 124, 132–33, 135, 155–56, 163, 233

public funding, 115, 117–18

research agencies, 125

resilience, 71, 165–66, 184

Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), 190

restoration, 49, 168, 190

rice, 57, 82, 87–88, 108, 212

Risk Management Agency (RMA), 137–41

Rodale Institute, 4, 73, 80, 206

rotation, 37, 81, 97, 138

runoff, 68–69, 87, 94, 188, 193

rural, 11–12, 16–17, 24–25, 27–30, 74, 101, 115, 151, 189, 199, 238

silvopasture, 37, 64, 68, 89, 105–06, 108, 116, 144, 152, 171, 241

Small Business Administration, 160, 181

Sodbuster, Sodsaver, and Swampbuster, 156–57

soil amendments, 83, 87, 89, 93, 109

soil health, 94, 122, 148, 219

soy, 70

Specialty Crop Block Grant Program, 174

stakeholders, 11–33, 130

states, 44, 46–48, 63–64, 71, 75, 81, 83, 121–22, 129, 163, 166, 184–85, 193–97, 226–27, 238

subsidies, 7, 22, 27, 112, 126, 135–37, 143, 149, 164–66, 170–71, 182, 198, 206

Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, 224, 233

Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education (SARE) Program, 119

Sustainable Agriculture Systems Program, 115

tariff bailout, 27

249

taxes, 17, 20, 193, 195–96, 202

assessment, 17

benefits, 17, 195–96

expenditures, 17, 193, 196, 208

reform policy, 181

tillage, 78–80, 82, 170, 223

no-tillage, 71, 78–80, 98, 129

trade, 11, 27, 45, 162, 172–73, 201, 211, 214, 216, 219

uncertainty, 129

underestimates, 47, 49, 52, 55, 214

U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), 12–13, 20, 45, 55, 63, 73, 111, 181, 223, 229, 241

U.S.

U.S. Forest Service, 113, 167–68, 172

U.S. Geological Survey, 159

vaccine, 101

value added product producer grant, 174

Vilsack, Tom, 139, 230

water quality, 2–3, 29, 89, 93, 146, 148, 184, 196

wealth, 19

weather, 11, 35, 86, 152

weeds, 36, 77, 80, 98, 131, 142

wildfire, 26