Index

A

abdicatio, 93 Abelard, Peter, 247 abigeatus, 179 acceptilatio, 133 accessio, 116, 118, 119 accident, 180 accomplices, 180-181 Accursius, Franciscus, 249 accusatio, 186, 187 accusatio suspecti tutoris, 111-112 accusatorial procedure, 170 actio ad exhibendum, 120 actio aestimatoria iniuriarum, 147 actio aquae pluviae arcendae, 121 actio commodati, 130 actio commodati contraria, 130 actio communi dividundo, 140 actio conducti, 138 actio de dolo, 132 actio de pauperie, 149 actio depositi, 130 actio depositi contraria, 130 actio doli, 51, 136, 148 actio empti, 137 actio ex stipulatu, 132 actio fictitia, 156 actio furti manifesti, 144 actio furti nec manifesti, 144 actio furti noxalis, 149 actio in factum, 142, 146, 156 actio legis Aquiliae, 146 actio locati, 138, 139 actio mandati, 141 actio mandati contraria, 141 actio metus causa, 132, 148 actio negatoria, 121 actio noxalis, 149 actio pigneraticia, 131 actio pigneraticia contraria, 131 actio praescriptis verbis, 142 actio pro socio, 139, 140 actio Publiciana, 51-53, 120 actio quanti minoris, 137 actio redhibitoria, 137 actio tutelae, 111 actio utilis, 146, 156 actio vi bonorum raptorum, 145 actiones adiecticiae qualitatis, 100 actiones bonae fidei, 156 actiones honorariae, 127, 156 actiones stricti iuris, 156 actus, 122 adnotatio, 86 adoptio, 94, 104, 107 adoptive emperorship, system of, 20 adrogatio, 10, 104 adscendentes, 108, 150 adsessores, 184 adultery, 62, 81, 106, 110, 168, 174, 175, 179, 185

adversarial system, 305 advocates, 56, 71, 88, 89, 171, 199, 200, 207,

218, 227, 263, 267 advocati.

affectio maritalis, 107

agere, 56, 71 agnatio, 103, 150 Aktenversendung, 267

Alaric II, King of Visigoths, 197, 241 album, 47

album iudicum, 155, 171

Alcades de corte, 269

Alciatus, Andreas, 279

Alexius I Comnenus, Byzantine Emperor, 215 Alfenus Varus, P., 60

alieni iuris, 102, 104, 107, 152 ambitus, 166, 167, 179, 182

Anatolius, 199, 200, 217, 218

Anglo-Saxon law, 272 annuality principle, 6, 8 antecessores. See law professors

Antioch III, King of Syria, 12 antiqui, 244

Antonine emperors, 14, 18 appeals, 10, 11, 24, 157, 163, 176, 177, 184, 202, 267

appendix Eclogae, 221

apud iudicem (in iudicio), 41, 157 aquaeductus, 122

aquae et ignis interdictio, 164, 172

Aquinas, Thomas, 251, 281

Arabs, 219, 234, 241

Arcadius, Emperor of the East, 85 archaic period, dates of, 2

Aristenos, Alexios, 229

Aristotle, 6, 28, 49, 247, 250, 281 arra, 135

assemblies (comitia), 6, 10-11, 16, 37-39, 163-164

Athanasius, 218

Athenian law, 32, 33 auctoritas, 98, 111, 112

auctoritas, of the princeps, 18

Augustinus, Aurelius (St. Augustine), 281 Augustus, Emperor of Rome, 13-16, 18, 20, 61, 65-67, 70, 71, 77, 101, 109, 152, 153, 155-156, 167-169, 171, 173-176

Austrian Civil Code (Allgemeines Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch), 300

Authenticum/liber Authenticorum, 209

Avars, 214, 219

Azo, 248, 249, 270, 274

B

Bacchanalian affair, 165

Baldus de Ubaldis, 252

Balsamon, Theodorus, 229

barter (permutatio), 141

Bartolus de Saxoferrato, 252

Basilica (basilica nomima), 224

Basil II, Byzantine Emperor, 214, 226

Basil I the Macedonian, Byzantine Emperor, 222, 223, 224

Bassianus, John, 248

Bavarian Civil Code (Codex Maximilianeus Bavaricus), 288

Beirut, law school, 90, 92, 199, 200, 206, 217, 218, 226, 247

Bestos, Theodorus, 229

betrothal (sponsalia), 106

Bigot de Preameneau, Felix Julien Jean, 289

bishops, 185, 191, 222, 224, 229, 231, 237

Bismarck, Otto von, 294

Blastares Mathaeus, 229, 230

Bluhme, Friedrich, 198, 203

Bologna, University of, 246

bona fides, 30,49,51,54,59,74,118,128,130, 131, 138, 142

Boniface VIII, Pope of Rome, 238, 256 bonitary ownership, 51, 52, 119

Bracton, 274

Breviary of Alaric (Breviarium Alarici).

Lex Romana Visigotharum

style='font-size:8.0pt;line-height:107%;font-style:italic'>brocarda (aphorismata), 248

Brutus, M. Junius, 60

Bude, Guillaume, 278, 279

Bulgarus, 248

Byzantine Empire, character of, 213

Byzantine law, influence of, 230-231, 262

C

Caesar, Julius, 12, 167

calumny (calumnia), 170, 179

canon law, 215, 216, 222, 225, 229, 230, 237,

242, 246, 254-257, 260, 261, 270, 272, 277

capitis deminutio

maxima, 105 media (minor), 105 minima, 105

Capito, G. Ateius, 77

Capitulare Italicum, 244 capitularies (capitula or capitularia), 235, 244 caput, 105

Caracalla, Emperor of Rome, 15, 27, 66, 101.

See also Constitutio Antoniniana Carthage, 11, 12, 26, 89 Cassius Longinus, 78-79 casuistic/empirical method, 58, 74 casus, 248

Cato Censorius, M. Porcius, 60

cautio damni infecti, 121

cautio Muciana, 59

cavere, 56, 71

Celsus, P. luventius (the Younger), 79 censors (censores), 8-10 centuriae, 10

Charlemagne, 234, 235, 244, 245, 259 Charles VII, King of France, 264 chartes de coutumes, 263

Christianity, 21,23,93,183,191,213,214,233 influence of, 94, 106, 107

chrysovoullos logos, 216

Church, 23, 25, 26, 152, 183, 191, 215, 216, 219, 221-224, 226, 228-230, 234, 236­239, 242, 243, 245, 247, 250, 251, 254­256, 260, 261, 276-277, 281, 288

Cicero, M.

Cino of Pistoia, 251

citizenship (civitas Romana), 101

civil law tradition

characteristics, 302-308 geographic distribution, 297-302

civis optimo iure, 102

civitas Romana. See citizenship clans. See gentes classical period, dates of, 2 Claudius, Appius, 42, 43 Claudius emperor of Rome, 108 Clovis, King of the Franks, 233, 234 Code of Justinian, 199-200, 207-208

Codex Euricinianus, 242

Codex Florentinus. See Littera Florentina

Codex Gregorianuslang=EN-US> (Gregorian Code), 3, 194

Codex Hermogenianus (Hermogenian Code), 3, 194, 195

Codex repetitae praelectionis, 207, 208

Codex Secundus, 245

Codex Taurinensis, 207

Codex Theodosianus (Theodosian Code), 3, 195-196

Codex Veronensis, 208

Codex vetus/Codex Iustinianus, 199, 200 codicil (codicillus)

testamento confirmatus, 153 testamento non confirmatus, 153 codification in Europe

early codifications, 287-288

in France, 288-290 in Germany, 290-296 codification of Roman law early codifications, 193-195 Germanic codes, 196-198 (see also Codex Theodosianus; Twelve Tables, Law of) of Justinian, 198-211 coemptio, 106, 107 coercitio maior, 7, 162 coercitio minor, 7 cognatio, 103, 111 cognitio, 162 cognitio procedure (cognitio extraordinaria), under the Principate, 154, 157, 174

in late imperial age, 185-188

Collatio (Legum Mosaicarum et Romanarum), 91

Collectio Anselmo dedicata, 255

Collectio Dionysiana, 255

Collectio Dionysio-Hadriana, 255 Collectio Graeca, 209, 210 collegiality principle, 6 comitia.

conceptualism, 293, 296, 303 concilium plebis, 10, 11, 37 Concordat of Worms, 237 concubinage (concubinatus), 94, 107 condictio, 129, 132, 142, 143, 145 condictio certae creditae pecuniae, 129 condictio certae rei, 129 condictio furtiva, 145 condictio ob causam datorum, 142 condictio triticaria, 129 confarreatio, 29, 106, 107 confession, 187, 188

Connanus, Franciscus, 279 consecratio capitis, 161 consensual contracts (contractus consensu), 128, 135-141

consilia, 252

consilium principis, 19, 24, 79, 81-83 consortium ercto non cito, 139

Constantine (Constantinus I, the Great), Emperor of Rome, 20-21, 85, 88, 93, 188, 189, 195, 225

Constantine IX, Monomachus, Byzantine Emperor, 226

Constantine V, Byzantine Emperor, 220

Constantine VII, Byzantine Emperor, 225, 226 Constantinople, 21, 22, 24, 25

Constantinople, law school, 89-90, 199, 200, 209, 224, 227, 228

constitutio Antoniniana, 15, 66, 83, 90, 92, 101, 177, 197

Constitutio Cordi, 207, 209

Constitutio Cypria, 230

Constitutio Deo Auctore, 200, 201

Constitutio Haec, 199

Constitutio Imperatoriam maiestatem, 206

Constitutio Summa rei publicae, 200

Constitutio Tanta (Dedoken), 201, 206 constitution, republican, 6-11, 13, 16-18

Constitutiones Clementinae, 256 constitutiones principum, 28, 65-70.

Constitutiones Sanctae Matris Ecclesiae (Constitutiones Aegidianae), 261 constitutum possessorium, 118 consuetudo. See custom

consuls (consules), 7, 17, 24, 44, 162, 165 contiones, 38, 163

contracts, content and classification of, 128-143

contractus innominati (innominate contracts), 141

conubium. See ius conubii

Corpus Iuris Canonici, 215, 257

Corpus Iuris Civilis, 210

Coruncanius, Tiberius, 55

Court of Chancery, 275, 276

Court of Star Chamber, 276

Coutumes de Beauvaisis, 263 coutumes generales, 263 coutumes locales, 263 crimen, definition of, 143, 159

crimen laesae maiestatis (maiestas), 162, 175, 178, 182

crimen repetundarum, 166, 182 crimen suspecti tutoris, 112 criminal jurisdiction

of the emperor, 175-176

of provincial governors, 177

of the senate, 175

criminal law, Byzantine, 220-221 criminal offences, 160-161, 166-168, 173­

174,178-181

criminal responsibility, conditions of, 180-181 crusades, 236

Cujas, Jacques, 279 culleus (poena cullei), 179 cura

size=1 color=black face="Times New Roman">furiosi, 112, 113

minorum, 112

prodigi, 112

curator, 112, 113, 128

curatorship. See cura curiae, 10, 31

Curiales. See decuriones

Curia Regis, 272, 274, 275 curule aediles (aediles curules), 8, 48, 137, 156 custom (consuetudo), 28, 61, 83. See also

Vulgar law

customary law. See custom

D

damnum iniuria datum, 145-146 decemviri legibus scribundis, 32 decreta, 66-68, 82, 84, 193 decretals, papal, 254-255 Decterum Gratiani, 255-256 decuriones, 15, 21 deductive reasoning, 302, 303 defences, in criminal law, 180 defensor civitatis, 25, 190, 191 definitiones (jurists), 73 De iure belli ac pacis, 271, 282, 283 delict (delictum)

definition of, 143, 159

distinguished from crime, 143, 159 forms of, 144-149

deportatio, 105, 181, 182, 189 depositum, 130, 131 depositum necessarium, 130 de residuis, 178

descendentes, 108, 150

Deutschenspiegel, 266

dialectical method, 58, 247

diarchy, principle of, 15, 17

diatyposes, 216

dies fasti, 40

digesta (jurists), 73

Digest of Justinian (Digesta/Pandectae), 16, 61, 68, 77, 79, 82, 83, 91, 183, 194, 200-205, 244, 249, 273

Digestum Infortiatum, 246

Digestum Novum, 246

Digestum Vetus, 246

dioceses, 25

Diocletian, Emperor of Rome, 20, 21 disputationes, 72, 73

dissensiones dominorum, 248 distinctiones, 247, 248, 256

divorce (divortium), 109-110

dolus, 147, 148, 180, 181, 183

Domat, Jean, 264, 284

Dominate (dominatus)

dates of, 1

organs of administration, 24

dominium ex iure Quiritium, 51, 115

Donation of Constantine. 255

donatio propter nuptias, 94

Doneau, Hugues, 279

Dorotheus, 199, 200, 206, 207, 217

dotis dictio, 133

dowry (dos), 104, 109, 133

duress, 132, 147, 148, 180

Dusan Stefan, Tsar of Serbia, 230

Dutch Civil Code, 301

Dutch Elegant School, 280

duumviri perduellionis, 161, 162

E

ecclesiastical jurisdiction, 222, 229, 230 ecclesiastical law. See canon law

Ecloga Legum, 219, 220, 242

edicta (of magistrates/praetors), 6-8, 46-47 edicta imperatorum, 66-67, 193

edicta praefectorum praetorio, 86

Edict of Prices (edictum de pretiis), 85

Edictum of Rothari, 244

edictum perpetuum, 44, 47, 49, 63, 202, 203 edictum provinciale, 59, 81

Edictum regum Langobardorum, 244

edictum repentinum, 46

Edictum Theoderici, 197, 198, 241

edictum tralaticium, 47

education, legal, 26, 57, 73, 77-78, 89-90, 184, 205, 218, 227, 228, 243, 246, 275, 280, 284, 304-305. See also law schools Eisagoge, 223, 224, 229, 242 emancipation (emancipatio), 7, 104, 105 emperorship under Dominate, 23

Empire

collapse in the West, 22 dates of, 1

first and second centuries AD, 14-15 survival in the East, 22

empirical method. See casuistic method emptio rei speratae, 136 emptio spei, 136

emptio venditio, 135-138, 156 Enantiophanes, 218, 224 enchiridia (jurists), 73

English law, 273-277, 301, 305-307 Enlightenment, 231, 239, 240 Eparchiakon Biblion, 225 epistulae (imperial), 68 epistulae (jurists), 72, 73, 77 Epitome Iuliani, 209, 241

Epitome Legum, 226

equestrians (equites), 12, 169 equity (aequitas), 49-50, 59, 74-75

lang=EN-US style='font-size:8.0pt;line-height: 107%'>in English law, 49, 275-276

error in corpore, 135

error in negotio, 135

error in pretio, 135-136

error in quantitate, 136

error in substantia, 135

Etruscans, 4, 5

Euric, King of the Visigoths, 242 evidence, 171-172, 187-188 exceptio, 51

exceptio doli, 51, 52, 132, 148

exceptio metus causa, 148

exceptio non numeratae pecuniae, 134 exceptio rei venditae et traditae, 52, 120 execution (in criminal law), forms of, 188, 189 Expositio ad Librum Papiensem, 244 extortion (crimen repetundarum), 166, 182 Extravagantes, 256-257

F

Fabrot, Annibal Charles, 279

False Decretals, 255 familia, 4, 102, 105 fas (divine law), 30

Favre, Antoine, 279

Feudalism, 235-236, 243, 258-259, 288 feudal law, 243, 246, 258-260 fictio legis Corneliae, 52 fictions, legal, 52, 53

fideicommissum, 153

fideiussio, 133

fidepromissio, 133

fiducia, 123

Fifty Decisions (quinquaginta decisiones), 200, 207

Fiscus, 17, 20, 151

Flavian emperors, 14

Flavius, Gnaeus, 42, 43, 55

foreigners (peregrini), 7, 27, 53, 120, 133, 180. See also praetor peregrinus formalism, 29, 30, 34, 45, 50, 51, 93, 155, 217, 284

formula, 46, 47, 51, 128, 146, 152, 155, 156 formulary procedure, 62, 71, 154-157, 206 abolition of, 157

four doctors of Bologna, 248

Fourth Crusade, 215

Frankish (Carolingian) Empire, 233-235

Frankish kingdom, 233-234

Frederick Barbarossa, German Emperor, 245, 249, 258

Frederick II, German Emperor, 249

French Civil Code (Code civil des francais), 264, 269, 288-290, 294, 306

French law, influence of, 298-299

French Revolution, 288, 289, 291

fueros (usus terrae), 270

furtum manifestum,lang=EN-US> 144

furtum nec manifestum, 144

furtum possessionis, 144

furtum rei, 144

furtum usus, 144

G

Gaius, 27, 28, 79-81

gentes, 4, 29

Gentili, Alberico, 282

German Civil Code (Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch or BGB), 295

Germanic invasions, 21-22, 233

Germanic kingdoms, 22, 196-198, 233, 240-241

German law, influence of, 299-301, 303

Gierke, Otto von, 294

Glanvill, 259, 274

glossae, 247

Glossa Ordinaria (Magna Glossa), 249

Glossators, 246-250

Gnomon of the Idios Logos, 69

Godefroy, Jacques, 279

Godofredus, Dionysius, 210

good faith. See bona fides

Gosia, Martinus, 248

Gracchus, Gaius, 168

Gratian, 255, 270

Greek influences, 11-12, 32-33, 49, 92-94

Gregory VII, Pope of Rome, 236, 237

Grotius, Hugo, 271, 282

guardianship. See tutela guilds, 237, 246, 257, 274-275

Gundobad, King of the Burgundians, 198, 241

H

habitatio, 123

Hadrian, Emperor of Rome, 63, 65, 70, 71, 72, 79, 80, 104, 119

Harmenopoulos, Constantine,

228, 229-230, 231

Henry II, King of England, 258, 272

Henry III, King of England, 273, 274

Henry IV, German Emperor, 237

Heraclius, Byzantine Emperor, 214, 219 heredes voluntarii, 150

Hexabiblos, 228, 229, 231

Hispana, 255

Historical School, 291, 292, 294, 299

honestiores, 181, 188, 189, 221

Honorius, Flavius, Emperor of the West, 85 Huber, Ulrich, 268, 271

Hugh Capet, King of France, 236

Humanist movement, 204, 208, 228, 277-280 humanity principle, 217 humiliores, 181, 182, 188, 190, 221 hybrid legal systems, 301 hypotheca, 123, 124

I

Iavolenus Priscus, 79 iconoclastic controversy, 214

Ihering (Jhering), Rudolf von, 292, 293 imperial law-making. See constitutiones principum

imperium, 5, 7, 10, 17-19, 65, 66, 69, 95, 162, 163, 204, 205

imperium proconsulare, 18, 65, 69 imprisonment (carcer), 182, 189 impuberes, 180

incest, 109, 179

infantes, 180

infirmitas sexus, 112

in iure, 41, 56, 154, 155, 157

in iure cessio, 116, 117, 119, 123 iniuria, 96, 144, 147, 167, 179

Innocent III, Pope of Rome, 238 innominate contracts. See contractus innominati

Inns of Court, 275, 276

inquisitorial procedure, 178, 186, 187, 305 insane persons, 112, 180

Institutes of Gaius, 73, 74, 80-81, 89, 97, 198, 204, 206

Institutes of Justinian (Institutiones/Elementa), 205-207

institutiones (jurists), 73

intercessio, 8, 18

interdictum de arboribus caedendis, 121

interdictum de glande legenda, 121

interdictum unde vi, 125, 126

interdictum uti possidetis, 125, 126 interdictum utrubi, 125, 126

interpolations (interpolationes), 203 interpretation, 40-42, 246-247

interregnum, 5

investiture contest, 237

Irnerius, 209, 241, 246, 248

Italian city-sates, 245, 250, 268

iter, 122

iudex, 41, 45, 148, 155, 156

iudices dati (pedanei), 184

iudicia populi, 38, 163, 165, 173

iudicum sortitio, 171

iudicum subsortitio, 171

Iulianus, P. Salvius, 63, 79

iura in personam, 113

iura in rem, 113

ius, 30, 40, 95-96

ius (jurists law), 87, 89, 90, 200

ius Aelianum, 43

ius agendi cum populo, 7, 37

ius agendi cum senatu, 7

ius auxilii, 8

ius civile, 27, 46, 47, 63, 96

ius civile Flavianum, 42

ius civile Papirianum, 31, 43

ius commercii, 51, 101, 102, 117, 152

ius commune, 257, 261, 262, 268-270, 276,

277, 287, 288, 292, 295

ius conubii, 101, 102, 108

ius divinum, 40

ius gentium, 27, 53-55, 75-76, 96, 281

ius gladii, 177

ius honorarium (magisterial law), 2, 3, 45, 48­

50, 52-53, 55, 63, 73, 96

ius honorum, 101, 102

ius italicum, 115

iusiurandum liberti, 133

ius Latii, 101, 102

ius naturale (natural law), 75-76

ius non scriptum, 28

ius possidendi, 124

ius praetorium. See ius honorarium

ius privatum, 97

ius publice respondendi (ius respondendi), 71,

72, 80

ius publicum, 97

New Roman">ius sacrum, 40, 97

ius scriptum, 28, 30, 267

ius suffragii, 10, 101

iusta causa, 118, 137

iustae nuptiae. See matrimonium iustum lustitia, 96

ius vitae necisque, 103, 104

J

Jacobus, 248

James I, King of England, 275 judge. See iudex

Judicature Acts, 276

Julio-Claudian emperors, 14 juridical literature

Byzantine, 217-218, 226, 228-231 under the Dominate, 90-92

under the Principate, 72-74 under the Republic, 59-61 jurisprudence, 40-42, 70-83, 86, 87 jurisprudence constante, 307 jurists (iurisconsulti/iurisprudentes) classification of work, 72 law of, 86-92

methods, 58, 76

roles, 55-58, 70-72

Justin II, Byzantine Emperor, 219

Justinian I, Emperor of the East, 4, 25-26, 109­113, 119, 152, 198-211

K

kanones, 215, 216

King (rex), 5

Kleterologion of Philotheos, 225

Kormcaja kniga, 230

L

Labeo, M. Antistius, 59, 77 Labittus, Jacobus, 278 laesio enormis rule, 136

Lanfrancus, 273

Latin America, 298, 299

Latini Iuniani, 102 Latin League, 5 Latium, 4 law merchant. See commercial law

Law of Citations, 80, 82, 88, 195, 198, 200, 201, 252

law professors (antecessores), 89, 90, 217 law schools, 89, 90, 92, 193, 199, 200, 203,

205, 209, 211, 217, 218, 224, 226-228,

237, 243, 246-249, 251, 261, 263, 265, 267, 282 legacy (legatum)

per damnationem, 153

per vindicationem, 153 legal academics, 304 legal science. See jurisprudence legal tradition, meaning of, 296 legati Augusti, 177 leges barbarorum, 197, 272 leges coloniae, 38 leges datae, 38 leges generales. See edicta leges imperfectae, 39 leges iuliae iudiciorum publicorum et privatorum, 61-62, 155-156 leges Iulia et Titia, 111 leges Liciniae Sextiae, 7, 9, 36 leges minus quam perfectae, 39 leges perfectae, 39 leges Porciae, 163 leges provinciae, 38 leges regiae, 29-31 leges rogatae, 38 leges romanae, 197 leges saturae (per saturam), 39 leges speciales. See rescripta leges tabellariae, 38 legis actio per condictionem, 155 legis actio per iudicis arbitrive postulationem, 155

legis actio per manus iniectionem, 155 legis actio per pignoris capionem, 155 legis actio procedure, 41, 154, 155 legislation, 1, 3, 10, 13, 16, 30, 33, 35, 36, 39,

43-44, 61-64, 66, 67, 70, 83, 84, 86, 87,

90, 93, 96, 97, 151, 161, 163, 166, 169, 174, 182, 183, 194-196, 198, 199, 201, 207, 208, 210, 240-243, 254, 256, 259, 261, 262, 288-290, 294, 297, 299, 303, 304, 307

Byzantine, 215-217, 219, 220, 222-226 Leo III the Isaurian, Byzantine Emperor, 214, 220

Leo VI, the Wise, Byzantine Emperor, 224, 225, 231

Les Livres de Jostice et de Plet, 263

lex Acilia, 168, 171

lex Acilia Calpurnia, 167

lex Aebutia, 155

lex Aelia Sentia, 62

lex Aquilia, 43, 145, 146

lex Aternia Tarpeia, 163

lex Atilia, 111

lex Atinia, 43

lex Aurelia, 169

Lex Burgundionum, 242

lex Caecilia Didia, 39

lex Caelia, 38

lex Calpurnia repetundarum, 166, 169

lex Canuleia, 36, 109

lex Cassia, 38, 172

lex Cincia, 39, 43

lex Claudia de tutela mulierum, 62

lex Cornelia, 47

lex Cornelia Baebia, 167

lex Cornelia de ambitu, 167

lex Cornelia de falsis, 167

lex Cornelia de iniuriis, 167

lex Cornelia de maiestate, 167

lex Cornelia de repetundis, 167

lex Cornelia de sicariis et veneficis, 167

lex Cornelia Fulvia, 167

lex de imperio, 10, 65

lex Duilia Menenia, 37

lex duodecim tabularum. See Twelve Tables, Law of

lex Fabia de plagiariis, 168

lex Falcidia, 39, 44

lex Fufia Caninia, 62

lex Gabinia, 38

lex Genucia, 37

lex Hortensia, 10, 11, 36, 37, 39

lex Iulia de adulteriis, 62, 168

lex Iulia de ambitu, 60-61, 167

lex Iulia de maritandis ordinibus, 62

lex Iulia de senato habendo, 62

lex Iulia de vi privata, 168

lex Iulia de vi publica, 168

lex Iulia iudiciorum, 169

lex Iulia iudiciorum publicorum, 173 lex Iulia maiestatis (of Augustus), 167

lex Iulia maiestatis (of Caesar), 167 lexIunia, 102

lex Laetoria, 43, 112 lex/leges, 10, 37, 43, 96 lex/leges (imperial law), 66, 84-86 lex Licinia, 167

lex Licinia de sodaliciis, 168

lex Lutatia de vi, 168

lex Maenia, 9

lex Maria, 167

lex Menenia Sextia, 163

lex Ovinia de senatus lectione, 9

lex Papia Poppaea, 62

lex Poetelia Papiria, 37

lex Pompeia, 167, 169

lex Publilia Philonis, 9, 39

Lex Ribuaria, 242

Lex Romana Burgundionum, 198, 241

Lex Romana canonice compta, 255

Lex Romana Visigothorum, 196-198, 241, 242, 269

Lex Salica. See Salic Code

lex Sempronia agraria, 39

color=black face="Times New Roman">lex Sempronia de capite civis, 165

lex Sempronia de provocatione, 39

lex Servilia Glauciae, 172

lex Tullia, 167

lex Valeria, 162, 163

lex Valeria (of 300 BC), 163

lex Valeria Horatia, 36, 163

lex Varia, 167

lex Vatinia, 171

Lex Visigothorum (Forum ludicum or Liber Iudiciorum), 242, 269

lex Voconia, 44, 152

Liber Constitutionum Regni Siciliae (Liber Augustalis), 261

Liber Extra (Liber Extravagantium), 256

Liber Papiensis, 244

Liber pauperum, 249, 273

Liber Sextus Decretalium, 256 libertini (liberti), 100, 102 liberty, definition, 98-99 libri ad edictum, 73 libri ad Sabinum, 73, 92

Libri Feudorum, 246, 252, 259

libri mandatorum, 69

Libro de las leyes (Las Siete Partidas), 270

Licinius Lucullus, Marcus, 145

Litera Bononiensis (Vulgata), 246 literal contracts (contractus litteris), 134 literature, legal. See juridical literature litis contestatio, 154

Littera Florentina (Codex Florentinus),

205, 244

Littera Pisana, 205

locatio conductio, 138-139

locatio conductio operarum, 138

locatio conductio operis, 138-39

locatio conductio rei, 138

Lo Codi, 263

Lombarda (Lex Langobarda), 244

Lombard law, 244

Lombards, 214, 234, 241, 244

loss of self-control, 180

Louisiana, 299, 301

style='font-size:8.0pt;line-height: 109%'>Louis IX, King of France, 238

lyses, 216

M

Macedonia, 12

Macedonian dynasty, 214, 222-227 magisterial law. See ius honorarium magister officiorum, 24, 199 magistrates (magistratus), 6-11, 16-20, 24, 32-33, 37-38,44,45-50, 53-55,61,63, 64, 66,67,127,154-157, 162-164, 165, 166, 167, 169, 170-172, 176-178, 183­185, 186-188, 190-191

Magnus VI, King of Norway, 262 maiestas, 162, 167, 178, 182

Maleville, Jacques de, 289 mancipatio, 34, 51, 96, 104, 107, 115-117,

119, 123, 151

mandata, 66, 69-70, 84, 194, 216 mandatum, 135, 140-141, 156

Manilius, Manius, 60

Mansfield, William Murray, 276 manumissio, 42, 62, 73, 100, 101, 134 manus, 102, 103, 106, 107

Marcianus, Aelius, 83

marriage

cum manu, 103-108

dissolution of, 109-110

requirements of, 108, 109

sine manu, 107, 108

Martel, Charles, 234

Massentheorie, 203

matrimonium iustum, 108, 109 matrimonium non iustum, 108, 109

Maximilian I, German Emperor, 267 membrum ruptum, 147

Merovingian dynasty, 233, 234

metus (duress), 147

Military Code, 221 mistake/ignorance of law, 180 mistake of fact, 180

Mithridates, King of Pontus, 12 moderni, 244

Modestinus, Herennius, 83

Monarchy (regal period), dates of, 1

political organization, 5 Montesquieu, 287 mos gallicus (Elegante Jurisprudenz), 280 mos Italicus, 277, 280 mos/mores maiorum, 29 murder (parricidium), 160, 162, 179 mutuum, 129

N

Napoleon, Emperor of France, 288, 289 nasciturus fiction, 98

natura, 76

natural law. See ius naturale

Natural Law, School of, 280-285, 291, 305 necessity, 180

negotiorum gestio, 142, 143, 306 negotium claudicans, 111

Nerva, Emperor of Rome, 62

Niebuhr, Barthold Georg, 81 nobilitas, 6

nominis et criminis delatio, 170

Nomocanon of St. Sava, 230

Nomocanon of the Fourteen Titles, 221 nomocanons (nomokanones), 215-216, 229-230

notabilia, 248 nota censoria, 8 novatio, 132, 134

novellae constitutiones (nearai diataxeis), 216 Novels of Justinian (Novellae leges), 208-210 Novels (novellae constitutiones) of Leo VI,

225

noxal liability, 149

Numa Pompilius, King of Rome, 31, 40

O

obligations (obligationes)

bonae fidei, 127, 128

civiles, 127

definition of, 126-127

ex contractu, 127

ex delicto, 127

ex variis causarum figuris, 127

honorariae, 127 naturales, 128 quasi ex contractu, 127 quasi ex delicto, 127 sources and classifications of, 127 stricti iuris, 127-128 occupatio, 76, 116, 118 Octavian (Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus). See Augustus, Emperor of Rome Odofredus, 248 operae servorum vel animalium, 123 Opusculum de iure (Ponima Nomikon), 226 oratio principis, 17, 64 orators (oratores). See advocates Ordenacoes Afonsinas, 270 Ordenacoes Filipilinas, 270 Ordenacoes Manuelinas, 270 Ordenamiento de Alcala, 270 Ordinance of Montils-les-Tours, 264 ordines iudiciarii, 248 ordo equester/equites, 12 ordo senatorius (senatorial order), 9 os fractum, 147 Ostrogoths, 21, 22 Ottoman Turks, 210, 215, 239

Otto the Great, German Emperor, 236, 245 ownership (dominium)

acquisition of, 43, 53, 116-119, 137 definition, 119

limitations on, 121-124 protection of, 120-121

P

Palaeologan Dynasty, 215, 227 palingenesia, 278

Pandects. See Digest of Justinian Pandektenrecht, 292

Papacy, 234, 237, 238, 245, 255, 256 Papinianus, Aemilius, 81 Papirius, Sextus, 31, 60 Parlements, 263 partnership. See societas partum auctoritas, 9 paterfamilias, 4, 29, 34, 102-104, 106-108, 111, 115, 146, 149, 180 patria potestas, 34, 52, 93, 94, 102-104, 108, 129

termination of, 104 patriarchate of Constantinople, 230 patricians, 4, 5, 11, 29, 32, 35-37, 109 patrimonium Caesaris, 20

Pauli Sententiae, 82, 91

Paulus, lulius, 82

Pavia, law school of, 243 pax deorum, 40, 161

Pays des Coutumes, 262

Pays du Droit ecrit, 262 peculatus, 166, 178, 183 peculium, offiliusfamilias, 103 of slaves, 100

Peira (Experientia Romani), 226

Pepo, 246

peregrini. See foreigners

Peri enantiophanon, 218

Persians, 214

persona, 98

personality of law principle, 27, 53, 240 Peters, Hans, 203

Philip IV the Fair, King of France, 238 Photios, Patriarch of Constantinople, 223 pignus (pledge), 123-124, 131

Pippin II of Heristal, 234

Pippin the Short, King of the Franks. 234 Piso, L. Calpurnius, 166

Placentinus, 248, 249 plebeians, 4, 6, 8-11, 29, 32, 33, 35-37, 39, 55, 109, 162

plebiscitum, 11, 36-37, 43 poena, 159

poena capitalis, 163

poena mortis, 172, 188

Polybius, Greek historian, 6

Pomponius, Sextus, 31, 32, 77, 79-80 pontiffs, 2, 3, 30, 32, 40-42, 55, 56, 154 Portalis, Jean-Etienne-Marie, 289-290 possession

definition of, 124-125 forms of, 124-125 protection of, 125-126

possessio naturalis, 125 post-classical period, dates of, 2 Post-glossators, Ssee Commentators postulatio, 170, 175

potestas (of magistrates), 7

Pothier, Robert Joseph, 264 praefectus annonae, 19, 82, 177 praefectus praetorio (praetorian prefect), 19,

25, 82, 176, 177, 184

praefectus urbi (city prefect), 19, 25, 82, 173, 176, 177, 182, 184, 185

praefectus vigilum, 19, 173, 176 praesumptio Muciana, 59 praetor, 2, 3, 7, 17, 24, 45-55, 63, 154-157 praetor de fideicommissis (fideicomissarius), 18, 153

praetores aerarii, 18 praetor fiscalis, 18 praetorian delicts, 147-148 praetor peregrinus, 7, 17, 18, 47, 53, 55, 67, 155, 169

praetor tutelarius, 18

praetor urbanus, 7, 17-18, 48, 55, 67, 78 precarium, 141

pre-classical period, dates of, 2 prevarication (praevaricatio), 170, 179 princeps (emperor), 18-19

Principate (Early Empire)

dates of, 1

organs of administration, 18-21 origins of term, 18

private/public law distinction, 97, 306-307 Procheiros Nomos (Procheiron), 223 Prochiron Legum (Prochiron Calabriae), 242 Proculians (Proculian School), 77-79, 119 Proculus, 77

procuratores, 19, 20 procuratores a rationibus (fisci), 20 procuratores patrimonii, 20 prostagmata (horismoi), 216, 219 provincial governors, 25, 48, 53, 59, 69, 166, 177, 178, 184, 185

provocatio adpopulum, 34-35, 39, 162, 163 proximi agnati, 111, 113, 150

proximi cognati, 150

Prussian Code (Allgemeines Landrecht fur die Preussischen Staaten), 288

Psellus Michael, 226 publicani, 12, 139 Puchta, Georg Friedrich, 292

Pufendorf, Samuel, 283-284

punishments, 31, 39, 62, 94, 99, 104, 143-145, 159-161, 163, 164, 166, 168, 176, 178­183, 186, 188, 189, 220, 221

Q

quaesitor, 169 quaestio de adulteriis, 168, 174 quaestio de ambitu, 166, 167 quaestio de annona, 174 quaestio de falsis, 167 quaestio de maiestate, 167 quaestio de peculatu, 166 quaestio de plagiariis, 168 quaestio de repetundis (repetundarum),

166-168

quaestio de sicariis, 167

quaestio de sodaliciis, 168

quaestio de veneficis, 167

quaestio de vi, 168

quaestiones (jurists), 72-73

quaestiones extraordinariae, 165, 168, 175 quaestiones perpetuae (iudicia publica),

166-174, 181, 185-186

quaestores parricidii, 161, 162 quaestors, 8, 11, 24, 39, 162 quaestor sacri palatii, 24, 85, 199 quasi-contracts, 142-143 quasi-delicts, 148-149

Quebec, 299, 301

Quinisext Council (Council in Trullo), 221

R

rape, 179

Ravenna, 24, 26, 234, 241, 244

real contracts (contractus re), 129-131

real security, 123-124

Recceswinth, King of the Visigoths, 242

Reception of Roman law, 81, 253, 260-277 in France, 262-265

in Germany, 265-268

Roman">in the Iberial Peninsula, 269-271

in Italy, 268-269

in the Netherlands, 271

in Scotland, 276-277

Rechtsstil, 302

regulae (jurists), 73

Reichskammergericht, 267

rei vindicatio, 120, 124, 137, 145 relegatio, 105, 182, 189

Renaissance, 215, 238, 277

Republic

crisis and fall, 13

dates of, 1

expansion in Italy, 4-5

expansion in the Mediterranean world, 11-12

res communes, 114

res corporales, 114

res cottidianae, 206

rescripta, 66, 68, 84, 193, 216

res divini iuris, 114

res extra nostrum patrimonium (res extra commercium), 114

res fungibiles, 129

res humani iuris, 114 res incorporales, 114, 115, 122, 126 res in nostro patrimonio (res in commercio), 115

res mancipi, 51, 53, 115-117, 119, 122, 123 res, meaning of, 113

res nec mancipi, 51, 115, 118

res nullius, 76, 118 respondere, 56, 57, 71 responsa (of the jurists), 57, 71-73 res publica, meaning of, 6 res religiosae, 114 res sacrae, 114 res sanctae, 114

restitutio in integrum, 112, 132, 148 res universitatis, 114

Revival of Roman law, 243-254, 262 Rhodian Mariime Code, 221, 222, 224 Rhopai, 218 robbery (rapina), 144, 145 rogatio legis, 38

Rogerius, 248, 249 Roman-Dutch law, 271

Romanus Eustathius, 226

Romulus Augustulus, Emperor of the West, 22 Romulus, King of Rome, 4, 31

Rural (Farmers') Code, 221 Rutilius Rufus, P., 60

S

Sabinians (Sabinian School), 73, 77-80, 119 Sabinus, Massurius, 71, 73, 77, 78, 203 Sachsenspiegel, 259, 266 sacrilegium, 183 sacrum consistorium, 24, 85

Salic Code (Pactus legis Salicae), 235, 242 sanctio pragmatica, 86, 241 sanctio pragmatica pro petitione Vigilii, 86, 241

Savigny, Friedrich Carl von, 81, 291, 292 Scaevola, Q. Mucius, 59-60, 73, 202 Schoffen, 266 scholasticism, 247

Scholia Sinaitica, 92 Schwabenspiegel, 266 scrinia, 19, 24 scrinium ab epistulis, 20, 72 scrinium a cognitionibus, 20 scrinium a libellis, 19, 72 scrinium a memoria, 20 scrinium a rationibus, 19 sectae, 77 self-defence, 147, 180

semeioses, 216

senate, 4, 5-6, 9, 13, 16, 17, 24, 44-45, 64-66,

83, 85, 165, 166, 168, 169, 175 senators, 5-6, 9, 64, 83, 168, 169, 175, 181 senatus consulta, 9, 13, 17, 28, 44, 45, 63-65,

85, 87, 108, 129, 165, 179

senatus consultum de Bacchanalibus, 165 senatus consultum Iuventianum, 65 senatus consultum Libonianum, 65

senatus consultum Macedonianum, 65, 129

senatus consultum Pegasianum, 65

senatus consultum Silanianum, 64

senatus consultum Tertullianum, 65

senatus consultum ultimum, 9, 44, 165

senatus consultum Vellaeanum, 64 sententiae (jurists), 73

servitudes

definition of, 122

personal, 122-123 praedial (real), 122, 123

servitus fluminis recipiendi, 122

servitus ne luminibus officiator, 122

servitus oneris ferendi, 122

servitus tigni immittendi, 122

Severus Septimius, Emperor of Rome, 15 slavery. See slaves slaves (servi)

acquisition through, 99 contracts of, 99, 100

release of, 100 (see also manumissio)

Slavs, 214, 235

social contract theories, 240

societas (partnership), 139-140

societas alicuius negotiationis, 139

societas omnium bonorum, 139

societas unius rei, 139

societas vectigalis, 139

societates publicanorum, 139, 140

Solon of Athens, 32

solutio indebiti, 143

sources of law, 2-3, 27-94, 302, 307 special courts, 165, 185 specificatio, 119

sponsio, 106, 131, 133

spurii, 108, 109

standing criminal courts. See quaestiones perpetuae

stare decisis, 307

status, 97, 105

status civitatis, 101-102

status familiae, 102-105

status libertatis, 98-101

statute theory, 253

Stephanus, 217, 218

Stephen, King of England, 273 stipulatio, 34, 50, 51, 54, 131-134, 141, 156 Stoicism, 12, 78, 280

Stoic philosophy. See Stoicism struggle of the orders, 4, 11, 32 stuprum, 62, 168, 179 subscriptiones, 68 subscriptores, 170 substantive/procedural law distinction, 305 succession

intestate, 149-151

testamentary, 149, 151-153 succession under the Principate. See adoptive emperorship sui heredes, 34, 150 sui iuris, 42, 102, 103, 105, 106, 110, 112, 129, 150, 152, 204

Sulla, L. Cornelius, 167

Sulpicius Rufus, Servius, 60

Summa Codicis (Summa Aurea), 248 summae, 248, 278

Summa theologiae, 281 summulae (tractatus), 248 superior orders, 180

Swiss Civil Code (Zivilgesetzbuch), 300, 301

Synopsis Basilicorum Maior, 226

Synopsis Basilicorum Minor, 226

Synopsis Legum, 226

Syrio-Roman book of law, 92

T

Tarquinius Superbus, King of Rome, 5 tergiversation (tergiversatio), 179 territoriality principle, 242-243 testamenti factio, 152 testamentum calatis comitiis, 29, 151 testamentum in procinctu, 151 testamentum per aes et libram, 151 testamentum tripertitum, 151 Tetrarchy, system of, 23 Thalelacus, 217, 218, 224 theft (furtum), 144-145

Theodoric II, King of Visigoths, 198, 241 Theodorus of Hermopolis, 218

Theodosius II, Emperor of the East, 22, 39, 85, 88, 106, 194, 195

Theophilus, 199, 200, 206, 217, 218, 224 thesaurus, 119

Thibaut, Anton Friedrich Justus, 290-291 third century crisis, 15-16

Thirty Years War, 239

Thomasius, Christian, 283, 284

Tiberius, Emperor of Rome, 78 Tiberius II, Byzantine Emperor, 209, 219 Tipoukeitos, 225, 226 torture, 66, 187, 188, 190 traditio (delivery)

brevi manu, 118

definition of, 118

longa manu, 118

symbolica, 118

treason (proditio, perduellio), 160 Treaty of Westphalia, 239 Trebatius Testa, C., 60 tresviri capitales, 162, 173

Tribonianus, 199, 200, 203, 206, 207, 209 tribuni aerarii, 169, 173

tribunicia potestas (tribunician power), 18 tribuni plebis (tribunes), 8, 11, 162

Tronchet, Francois Denis, 289 tutela (guardianship), 110-113 tutor

appointment of, 111

responsibilities and functions of, 111-112 Twelve Tables, Law of, 2, 32-37, 40, 41, 42, 50, 73, 81, 104, 105, 107,111, 144, 145, 147, 149, 150, 155, 161 two authorities theory, 223

U

Ugo, 248

Ulpiani Epitome, 91 Ulpianus, Domitius, 81, 82 Ultramontani, 263 usucapio, 34, 43, 51-53, 117, 118, 120, 124, 137

usufruct (ususfructus), 123 usus in law of marriage, 106-107

as a personal servitude, 123

Usus modernus Pandectarum, 268 utilitarianism, 240

V

Vacarius, 248, 249, 273

Valentinian III, Emperor of the West,

85, 88, 195

Valla, Lorenzo, 278

Vandals, 21, 22, 25, 240

Vatican Fragments (Fragmenta Vaticana), 91 verbal contracts (contractus verbis),

131-134

via, 122

vicarii (vicars), 25, 184

vigiles, 173

Vinnius, Arnold, 268, 271

vis, 179

Visigoths, 21, 22, 25, 197, 198, 213, 241,

269, 270

vis privata, 168, 183

Voet, Johannes, 268, 271

Volksgeist, 291

voting, 7, 10, 11, 38, 62, 164

vulgar law, 84, 92-94, 197. See also customary law

W

Western law, meaning of, 308

Windscheid, Bernhard, 292, 294

witnesses (testes), 171

Wolff, Christian, 283, 284

writ system, 272, 273, 275

X

Xiphilinus John, 227

Z

Zakon Sudnyj Ljudem, 230

Zasius, Ulrich, 279

Zonaras, John, 229