Index

A

Aberratio ictus, 262n

Absentia trinoctium, 103

Acceptilatio, 273

Accessio, 141-147

Accessio possessionum (temporum), 135

Accessory stipulations, 217

Accusatio suspecti tutoris, 114

Actio ad exhibendum, 150-151

Actio ad supplendam legitimam, 294

Actio aquae pluviae arcendae, 154

Actio auctoritatis, 129, 225

Actio commodati, 210

Actio communi dividundo, 156, 237

Actio conducti, 229

Actio confessoria, 173, 325

Actio damni infecti, 154n

Actio de albo corrupto, 320n

Actio de in rem verso, 201, 243n

Actio de modo agri, 129

Actio de pastu pecoris, 258

Actio de pauperie, 271

Actio de peculio, 201

Actio de rationibus distrahendis, 113

Actio de recepto, 246n

Actio de tigno iuncto, 146

Actio de vitibus succisis, 258

Actio depositi, 211

Actio depositi sequestraria, 212

Actio doli, 194, 269-270

Actio dotis, 106

Actio empti, 221, 226-228

Actio ex stipulatu, 215

Actio exercitoria, 202

Actio familiae erciscundae, 155, 298

Actio fictitia, 318-319

Actio fiduciae, 129n, 177

Actio finium regundorum, 155

Actio furti, 144n, 148, 252, 256

Actio furti concepti, 256n

Actio furti manifesti, 256

Actio furti nec manifesti, 256, 257

Actio furti non exhibiti, 256n

Actio furti oblati, 256n

Actio furti prohibiti, 256n

Actio hypothecaria, 113n, 180

Actio in factum, 191n, 261n, 318

Actio iniuriarum, 265

Actio institoria, 202

Actio iudicati, 329

Actio legis Aquiliae, 253, 260

Actio legis Laetoriae, 320n

Actio locati, 229

Actio mandati, 239

Actio metus causa, 268

Actio negatoria, 148, 152

Actio negotiorum gestorum, 241

Actio noxalis, 90, 270

Actio Pauliana, 253n

Actio pigneraticia, 179, 213

Actio pluviae arcendae, 258

Actio praescriptis verbis, 245

Actio pro socio, 236

Actio Publiciana, 127n, 151-152, 319

Actio quanti minoris, 227

Actio quasi Serviana, 178, 180

Actio quod iussu, 201

Actio redhibitoria, 227

Actio rei uxoriae, 106

Actio Rutiliana, 34, 330

Actio Serviana, 178, 180, 330

Actio tributoria, 201n

Actio tutelae, 113

Actio utilis, 261n, 318

Actio vectigalis, 175

Actio venditi, 221

Actio vi bonorum raptorum, 257, 258

Actiones adiecticiae qualitatis, 86, 90n, 201

Actiones arbitrariae, 320n

Actiones bonae fidei, 319

Actiones civiles, 318

Actiones famosae, 320n

Actiones honorariae, 318

Actiones in personam, 125, 184, 312n

Actiones in rem, 125, 312n

Actiones mixtae, 252

Actiones perpetuae, 320n

Actiones poenales, 252

Actiones populares, 197n, 320n

Actiones praeiudiciales, 320n

Actiones rei persecutoriae, 252

Actiones stricti iuris, 319

Actiones temporales, 320n

Actions (actiones), 125

Actus, 165

Adfinitas, 99

Aditio hereditatis, 296

Adiudicatio, 128n

Adiudicatio, 320 See also Formula (structure)

Adnotatio, 63

Adoptio, 70, 91-93

minus plena, 93

plena, 93

New Roman">Adoptive emperorship, system of, 41

Adpromissio, 217

Adrogatio, 91, 284n

Adstipulatio, 217

Adulterini, 94

Advocates (oratores), 315 326n

Advocati, 66

Aelius Paetus Catus, S., 18

Aequitas.

Aestimatum, 244

Affectio maritalis, 100

Ager publicus, 123, 124, 157

Ager vectigalis, 175, 176 See also Emphyteusis

Agere, 31, 49

Agnatio, 89, 98

Alaric II, King of Visigoths, 82n

Album iudicum, 310n

Alieni iuris, 92-93

Alluvio, 141

Alveus derelictus, 142

Anastasius, Emperor of the East, 94

Anatolius, 72

Angles, 59

Animals, 122 See also Liability for damage; Occupatio; Res mancipi;

Animus furandi, 254

Animus iniuriandi, 264

Animus domini, 160n

possidendi, 160n

Annus luctus, 99, 100

Antecessores,size=1> 66

Antioch III, King of Syria, 19

Antonines, 36

Antoninus Pius, Emperor of Rome, 36

Appeal (appellatio), 340

Aquaeductus, 165

Aquaehaustus, 165

Aquilius, G.G., 33, 269n, 273n

Arbiter, 246, 341

Arbitration (arbitrium), 341

Arbitrium boni viri, 190n, 235n

Arcadius, Emperor of the East, 58, 63

Archaic period, dates of, 2

Aristotle, 5n, 30n

Arra, 221

Arra sponsalicia, 98

Ascendants (adscendentes), 283

Assemblies (comitia), 7, 8, 22, 23, 38, 42, 43

Athenian law, 12n

Attalus III, King of Pergamum, 19-20

Auctoritas patrum, 23

Auctoritas, of the princeps, 40

Auctoritas, of the tutor, 112

Augustus, Emperor of Rome (Octavian, Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus), 20, 23, 35-36, 37, 41, 91n, 97, 108, 251

Aurelian, Emperor of Rome, 56

Authenticum/liber Authenticorum, 79 Avulsio, 141

B

Basil I, Byzantine Emperor, 81

Basilica (basilica nomima), 77, 81

Beirut, law school, 66, 68, 72, 74, 77

Beneficium cedendarum actionum, 250

Beneficium legis Corneliae, 287n

Beneficium competentiae, 236n, 330

Beneficium divisionis, 250

Beneficium excussionis, 250

Beneficium inventarii, 298

Beneficium separationis, 297n

Betrothal (sponsalia), 97-98

Bluhme, F., 76

Bologna, University of, 83

Bona fides, 34, 136, 186, 194, 198, 220, 232

Bona materna, 90

Bona vacantia, 282

Bonitary (praetorian) ownership, 126, 151, 281

Bonorum distractio, 330, 341

Bonorum emptor, 330

Bonorum possessio, 281-282, 285

Bonorum venditio, 330

Bonus et diligens paterfamilias, 169n

Breviary of Alaric (Breviarium Alarici), 82n

Brutus, M.J., 33

Burden.

Burgundians, 59

Buyer, duties of, 223

Byzantine Empire, 81-82

Byzantine law, 79, 80, 81

C

Caesar, J., 20, 286n

Caligula, Emperor of Rome, 36

Canon law, 82, 84

Capitis deminutio, 96 maxima, 96 media (minor), 96 minima, 96

Capito, G.A., 53

Caput 96

Caracalla, Emperor of Rome, 37, 88, 216n See also Constitutio Antoniniana

Cassius Longinus, 53 See also Sabinians

Casuistic method, 35, 50

Casus fortuitus, 198, 224

Cato Censorius, M.P., 33

Cato Licinianus, M.P., 33

Causa contractus, 188

Cautio damni infecti, 154

Cautio Muciana, 33

Cavere, 31, 49

Celsus, P.I. (the Younger), 54

Celts, 4, 19

Censors (censores), 6, 108n, 153

Centumviri, 310n

Cessio bonorum, 330, 341n

Cession, 276-277

Chirographum, 219

Christian Church, 58, 60, 71

Christianity, 58, 60

Cicero, M.T., 12n, 24, 30-32, 35n, 258n

Citizenship, 87-88 distinction between patricians and plebeians, 3

expansion under the Principate, 37

Civis optimo iure, 3, 88

Civitas Romana.

Clans. See Gentes

Classical period, dates of, 2

Claudius, G., Emperor of Rome, 56 Claudius, A., 18

Claudius, Emperor of Rome, 36, 251

Clientes, 3

Code of Hammurabi, 12

Code of Justinian, 73-74

Codex Florentinus, 77

Codex Gregorianus (Gregorian Code), 64

Codex Hermogenianus (Hermogenian

Code), 64

Codex repetitae praelectionis, 73

Codex Theodosianus (Theodosian Code), 64-65, 72

Codex vetus/Codex Iustinianus, 73

Codicil (codicillus), 295-296

testamento confirmatus, 295

testamento non confirmatus, 295 Codification of civil law in Europe, 84 Codification of Roman law

early codifications, 64

of Justinian, 70-80

Germanic codes, 81-82 (see also Codex Theodosianus, Twelve Tables, Law of) Coemptio, 102 See also Marriage cum manu Coercitio maior, 6

Coercitio minor, 6 Cognatio, 89, 98, 110n, 282

Cognitio extraordinaria

under the Principate, 334-337 in late imperial age, 337-341

Cognitor.

Co-heirs, 298

Coins, 3, 143n

Collatio (Legum Mosaicarum

et Romanarum), 67

Collatio bonorum, 298-299

Collatio dotis, 299 Collectio Graeca, 79

Comitia calata, 8n, 284

Comitia centuriata, 7, 23

Comitia curiata (curiate assembly), 4, 7, 10, 284

Comitia. See Assemblies

Comitia tributa, 7, 23

Commentators, 83

Commixtio, 143

Commodatum, 209-210 Communio pro indiviso (condominium), 155 Compensatio (set-off), 274-275

Compromissum, 246n, 247, 341 Conceptus, 85

Concilium plebis, 7-8, 23 Concubinate (concubinatus), 94, 95 Condemnatio, 321 See also Formula

(structure)

Condicio (condition), 195-196

Condicio casualis, 196 Condicio mixta, 196 Condicio potestativa, 196

Condictio, 208, 215, 218, 242-243 Condictio causa data causa non secuta, 243 Condictio certae creditae pecuniae, 208 Condictio certi, 243n

Condictio ex lege, 243n

Condictio furtiva, 144n, 148, 243n, 252,

257, 258

Condictio indebiti, 242

Condictio ob turpem vel iniustam causam, 243 Condictio sine causa, 243

Condictio triticaria, 208 Conditional sales, 228 Confarreatio, 8n, 102 See also Marriage cum

manu

Confession, (confessio), 325, 339 Confusio, 143 See also Accessio Consensus (in marriage), 100

of the curator, 116

in contracts, 185, 187-188, 192-193, 214, 219, 221, 234

Consilium domesticum, 89n Consilium principis, 41 Consortium ercto non cito, 155, 234n, 298 Constantine (Constantinus I, the Great),

Emperor of Rome, 56-58, 62-63,

68-70, 113, 179 Constantinople, 58 Constantius Chlorus, Emperor of Rome, 57 Constantius II, Emperor of, Rome, 58 Constitutio Antoniniana, 37, 47, 69, 88 Constitutio Imperatoriam maiestatem, 78 Constitutio Tanta (Dedoken), 75, 78 Constitution, republican, 4-8, 22-23 Constitutiones principum, 46, 62-63 See also

Decreta; Edicta imperatorum

(imperial); Mandata; Rescripta Constitutum debiti, 246 Constitutum possessorium, 133 See also Traditio Consuls (consules), 5

bilateral (synallagmatic), 188 breach of, 205-207 conditions and terms in, 195-197 content and classification of, 187-189 defects in, 192-195

in favour of third party, 203 formation of, 190-192 imperfectly bilateral, 188 involving more than one debtor and/or creditor, 204

unilateral, 188

Contractual capacity, 190

Contractual liability, 198-200

Contractus, 185

Contractus consensu (consensual contracts), 188,219-239

Contractus emphyteuticarius, 175 Contractus innominati, 244-245

Contractus litteris (literal contracts), 188, 218-219

Contractus re (real contracts), 188, 207-213 Contractus verbis (verbal contracts), 188, 214-217

Contrectatio, 254

Contumacia, 336n, 338

Contumelia, 263

Conubium.

Convicium, 263n

Corpus Iuris Civilis, 79

Crime (crimen)

definition of, 251-252

distinguished from delict, 251-252 Criminal law, 251-252

Culpa, 198, 253

Culpa lata, 199

Culpa levis

in abstracto, 199

in concreto, 200

Cura, 114-118

furiosi, 117

minorum, 115-116

prodigi, 117-118

Curator distrahendorum bonorum

gratia, 330

Curatorship. See Cura

Curiae, 4

Curiales. See Decuriones

Curiate assembly. See Comitia curiata Cursus honorum, 6

Curule aediles, 6, 26

Custodia, 198

Custom, 8-9, 69-70 See also Vulgar law Customary law. See Custom

D

Damage to property, 258-262

Damnum infectum, 317n

Damnum iniuria datum, 258-262

De agricultura, 33

De iuris disciplina, 33

Debt, 187

Decemviri legibus scribundis, 12

Decemviri stlitibus iudicandis, 310n

Decreta, 46, 62, 63

Decuriones, 59, 95n

Deductio servitutis, 172

Defendant (reus), 311n

Defenses, 262, 264

Defensor civitatis/plebis, 61

Definitiones (jurists), 50

Delatio hereditatis, 296

Delegation (delegatio), 276

Delict (delictum) definition of, 185, 251-252 distinguished from crime, 251-252

Demonstratio, 320 See also Formula (structure)

size=1 color=black face="Times New Roman">Denegatio actionis, 324

Depositum irregulare, 212

Depositum necessarium, 212

Depositum, 211-212

de Saxoferrato, Bartolus, 83

Descendants (descendentes), 283

Detentio, 158-159

Detentor, 149n, 159

de Ubaldis, Baldus, 83

Diarchy, principle of, 37, 40n

Dictator, 5

Dies (time clause), 196-197

Dies fasti, 311n

Diffarreatio, 107n

Digest of Justinian (Digesta/Pandectae), 74-77

Digesta (jurists), 50

Diligentia boni patrisfamilias, 198

Diligentia quam suis rebus, 200

Dio, C., 53

Dioceses, 57

Diocletian, Emperor of Rome, 56-57, 62

Disinheritance, 291-292

Divorce (divortium), 107-108

Dolus, 33, 193-194, 198, 253, 254, 269-270

Dominate (dominatus), 2, 57 organs of administration, 60-62 social structure, 58-59

Dominium ex iure Quiritium, 126

Dominus (master), 86, 201, 270

Dominus.

Domitian, Emperor of Rome, 36

Donation (donatio), 247 donatio ante nuptias, 106n mortis causa, 307-308 propter nuptias, 70, 106

size=1 color=black face="Times New Roman">Dorotheas, 72

Dos, 104-106

Dotis dictio, 214n

Dowry. See Dos

Dublicatio, 323

E

Ecclesiastical courts, 337n

Ecloga Legum, 81

Edict of Prices (edictum de pretiis), 62

Edicta (of the magistrates/praetors),

25-27, 335

Edicta imperatorum (imperial), 46, 62-63

Edicta praefectorum praetorio, 63

Edictal mass, 76

Edictum perpetuum, 26, 43, 334n

Edictum provinciale, 33

Edictum repentinum, 25

Edictum Theoderici, 82

Edictum tralaticium, 26

Edictum unde vir et uxor, 282

Editio actionis, 324

Education, legal, 32-33 See also Law schools

Eisagoge/Epanagoge, 81

Emancipation (emancipatio), 93-94

Emancipatus, 93

Emblemata Triboniani, 76

Emperorship under Dominate, 60

Emphyteusis, 140, 174-176

Emphyteuta, 140, 176

Empire

collapse in the West, 59 dates of, 2

first and second centuries, AD, 36-37 survival in the East, 59-60, 70

Empirical method. See Casuistic method

Emptio venditio, 220-228

Enchiridia (jurists), 50

Enchiridium (Pomponius), 54

Epicureanism, 21-22

Epistulae (imperial), 47

Epistulae (jurists), 50

Epitome Iuliani, 79

Epitome Legum, 81

Equites/ordo equester (equestrian order), 20 Equity (aequitas), 30, 34, 51

Eremodicium. See Contumacia

Error (mistake), 192-193

Error in corpore, 193

Error in negotio, 192-193

Error in nomine, 193

Error in persona, 193

Error in pretio, 193

Error in quantitate, 193

Error in substantia, 193

Etruscans, 4

Eviction (evictio), 225-226

Evidence, 315n, 324, 337, 339

Exceptio doli, 144n, 194, 269, 322

Exceptio doli generalis, 194n

Exceptio doli specialis, 194n

Exceptio iusti dominii, 152n, 178n

Exceptio metus causa, 194, 268

Exceptio non adimpleti contractus,lang=EN-US style='font-size:8.0pt;line-height:110%'> 188n

Exceptio non numeratae pecuniae, 219

Exceptio pacti conventi, 195n, 197n, 273

Exceptio rei iudicatae, 340

Exceptio rei sibi ante pigneratae, 181n

Exceptio rei venditae ac traditae, 127n, 152n

Exceptio senatus consulti Macedoniani, 209

Exceptio senatus consulti Velleiani, 251

Exceptiones, 321-323

Execution, 329-330, 340-341

F

Familia, 2-3, 88 et seq

Familiae emptor, 92

Farmers, 21

Fas, 9

Fenus nauticum, 208n

Ficti possessores, 150

Fideicommissarius, 305

Fideicommissum, 305-307

hereditatis, 306-307

rerum singularum, 306-307

Fideiussio, 249-250

Fidepromissio, 248-249 See also Suretyship

Fiducia, 129n, 177

Fiducia cum amico contracta, 177n

Fiduciarius, 305

Fifty Decisions (quinquaginta decisiones), 73

Filiusfamilias, 17, 90, 200-201

Fiscus, 41, 140n

Flavian emperors, 36

Flavius, G., 18

Foreigners (peregrini), 28-29. See also Praetor peregrinus

Formalism, 11, 24, 316

Formula, 25-26, 318

examples, 323-324 structure, 320-323

Formulary procedure, 25, 324-330, 333-334 abolition of, 337

Fragmenta Vaticana (Vatican Fragments), 67

Franks, 59

Fraud. See Dolus

Fraus creditorum, 253n

Freedmen (libertini), 21, 87

French Civil Code, 148n

Fruits (fructus), 124, 140 naturales, 140 percepti, 140 pendentes, 140 separati, 140

Furtum, 185, 254-257

Furtum manifestum, 255

Furtum nec manifestum, 255

Furtum possessionis, 255

Furtum rei, 255

Furtum usus, 255

G

Gaius, 18n, 45, 51n, 54-55, 91n, 114, 122n, 129n, 162n, 185, 218-220, 233n, 253, 255, 312

Galerius, Emperor of Rome, 57

Gauls, 15

Gellius, A., 53

Gentes, 2

German Civil Code (BGB), 148n, 243n

Germanic invasions, 59

Germanic law, 82, 84

Gladiators, 233n

Glossators, 79, 83

Gnomon of the Idios Logos, 47n

Godofredus, Dionysius, 79

Greek cities in Italy, 4

Greek influences, 12, 21-22, 29, 33, 34, 62, 69

Guardianship. See Tutela

Gundobad, King Gundobad of the Burgundians, 82n

H

Habitatio, 171

Hadrian, Emperor of Rome, 36, 43, 49-50, 139

Harmenopoulos, C., 81

Harsa, T., 12

Heirs institution of, 289-290 remedies of, 299-301 substitution of, 290-291

Hellenistic influences, 69-70, 93, 175n, 216n, 219, 221n

Heredes extranei (voluntarii), 296

Heredes necessarii, 296

Hereditas iacens, 297

Hereditas, 279

Hereditatis petitio, 299-300

Hermogenian, 69n

Hexabiblos, 81

Honestiores, 36, 59

Honorius, Flavius, Emperor of the West, 58, 63

Humiliores, 36, 59

Hypothec (hypotheca), 179-182 tacit, 113

I

lavolenus, P., 54

Ignominia, 108n

Impedimentum superveniens, 107n

Imperial law-making. See Constitutiones principum

Imperitia, 233

Imperium, 4, 6, 38

Imperium proconsulare, 39-40

Implantatio, 147

Impossibility in contract, 191

Impubes, 109, 253n

In iudicio (apud iudicem), 310, 314-315, 326-329

In iure cessio, 122, 130, 171, 177

In iure, 310-311, 324-326, 334

In ius vocatio, 324

Inaedificatio, 145-146

Incestuosi, 94

Indefensus, 325

Infamia, 98n, 108n, 113n, 236, 256n

Infans/infantes, 109n, 111, 190

Infanti maiores, 109n

Infanti proximi, 109n

Infirmitas sexus, 114

Iniuria, 9, 185, 263-265

Iniuria per consequentias, 265

Innominate contracts. See Contractus innominati

Insane persons (furiosi), 117, 190, 253n

Institutes of Gaius, 54-55, 77

Institutes of Justinian, 77-78

Institutiones (jurists), 50

Instrumentum dotale, 100

Insula nata

in flumine, 141

in mari, 139 Intentio, 320. See also Formula (structure) Intercessio, 6, 39 Interdicta, 161

adipiscendae possessionis, 162 duplicia, 162, 333n exhibitoria, 332

prohibitoria,lang=EN-US style='font-size:8.0pt;line-height:107%'> 162, 332-333 recuperandae possessionis, 162 retinendae possessionis (restitutoria), 162, 332

simplicia, 333n Interdicts (interdicta), 332-333 Interdictum de aqua, 173n Interdictum de arboribus caedendis, 154 Interdictum de clandestina possessione, 162n Interdictum de cloacis, 173n Interdictum de glande legenda, 154 Interdictum de itinere actuque privato, 173 Interdictum de precario, 162n Interdictum de rivis, 173n Interdictum de superficiebus, 176 Interdictum de uxore ducenda, 104n Interdictum demolitorium, 154 Interdictum possessorium, 330 Interdictum quem usumfructum, 170 Interdictum quod vi aut clam, 154 Interdictum quorum bonorum, 281, 300-301 Interdictum Salvianum, 179 Interdictum unde vi, 162-163 Interdictum unde vi armata, 163 Interdictum uti possidetis, 155, 162-163 Interdictum utrubi, 162, 163, 164 Interpolations (interpolationes), 76 Interpretation, 10, 17-18 Interregnum, 4 Intervalla dilucida, 117n

Intestate succession, 13, 280-284

in early law, 280-281

in Justinian’s law, 283-284 praetorian, 281-283

Irnerius, 79, 83

Iter, 165 Iudex, 10, 25, 310, 326 Iudex pedaneus, 335, 337 Iudex qui litem suam facit, 266 Iudicia bonae fidei, 189 Iudicia stricti iuris, 189 lugurtha, King of Numidia, 20 Iulianus, P.S., 43, 54

Iura in re aliena, 125n, 164, 168

Iura in re propria, 125n, 164

Iura praediorum rusticorum, 165-166

Iura praediorum urbanorum, 165, 166

Iura publica, Ç

Iurisdictio, 6

Iurisdictio urbana, 6

Ius, 9-10, 29,42,51,310

Ius (jurists' law), 65

Ius abstinendi, 296

Ius aedificandi, 88

Ius Aelianum, 19

Ius agendi cum populo, 6, 88

Ius agendi cum senatu, 6

Ius altius tollendi, 164n

Ius calcis coquendae, 166

Ius civile, 8, 26-29, 42, 127

Ius civitatis,lang=EN-US style='font-size:8.0pt'> 87-88

Ius coercendi, 6

Ius commercii, 87

Ius commune, 83-84, 243n

Ius conubii, 87, 98, 101

Ius dicere, 6

Ius distrahendi, 88, 178, 180

Ius edicendi, 6, 88

Ius Flavianum, 18

Ius gentium, 29, 51-52, 127

Ius habitandi, 88

Ius harenae fodiendae, 166

Ius honorarium, 28-29, 42

Ius honorum, 87

Ius intercessionis, 88

Ius liberorum, 283

Ius naturale (natural law), 51-52, 127

Ius offerendi et succedendi, 181

Ius Papirianum, 11

Ius pascendi, 165-166

Ius pecoris ad aquam adpulsum, 166

Ius prohibendi, 156

Ius publice respondendi (ius respondendi), 49

Ius Quiritium, 8. See also Ius civile

Ius retentionis, 210n

Ius stillicidii vel fluminis non recipiendi,

164n

Ius suffragii, 87

Ius testamenti factio, 88

Ius tollendi, 146

Ius vetus, 62

Ius vitae necisque, 89, 90

Iusiurandum liberti, 214n

Iusta causa, 136, 137, 158

Iustae nuptiaelang=EN-US style='font-size:8.0pt'> (iustum matrimonium), 98.

See also Marriage

J

Judge. See Iudex

Julian, Emperor of Rome, 58

Julio-Claudian emperors, 36

Juridical literature

under the Dominate, 66-67 under the Republic, 33-34 under the Principate, 50, 53-56

Jurisprudence. See Legal science

Jurists (iurisconsulti/iurisprudentes), 30-35, 48-56

classification of work, 50

law of, 65-69

methods, 34-35, 50-53 most important, 33-34, 53-56 roles, 31-33,48-50

Justin, Emperor of the East, 106n

Justinian I, Emperor of the East, 71, 91, 94, 95, 105,106, 113,123n, 138, 150, 164; 203, 220, 221, 239n, 247n, 251, 253, 276, 283, 285, 286, 292

codification of Roman law, 72-80

K

King (rex), 4, 10

Kings of Rome, 4

Kruger, P., 77, 78

L

Labeo, M.A., 53

Laesio enormis rule, 223

Latifundia, 21

Latin League, 3

Latium, 2

Law of citations, 56, 69, 72

Law professors, 65-66

Law schools, 65-66

Laws of the kings. See Leges regiae

Legacy (legatum), 301-305

per damnationem, 302n

per praeceptionem, 302n

per vindicationem, 302n

restrictions on, 303-304 remedies, 304-305 sinendi modo, 302n

Legal science (jurisprudence), 31-35, 48-56, 65-69

Leges agrariae, 123n

Leges generales, 62

Leges iulia et titia, 110, 111

Leges iuliae iudiciorum publicorum

et privatorum, 42, 317, 333

Leges liciniae sextiae, 16, 123n, 310

Leges provinciarum, 27

Leges regiae, 10-11

Leges speciales, 62

Leges/lex, 16, 24

Leges/lex (imperial law), 43, 62, 65

Legis actio, 310-317

Legis actio per condictionem, 314

Legis actio per iudicis arbitrive postulationem, 313

Legis actio per manus iniectionem, 315

Legis actio per pignoris capionem, 316

Legis actio sacramento, 312-313

Legislation, 15-16, 23-24

Legitimation (legitimatio), 94-96

per oblationem curiae, 95

per rescriptum principis, 95

per subsequens matrimonium, 95

Legitimi, 282

Lenocidium, 108n

Leo I, Emperor of the East, 66n, 216n

Leo III, Byzantine Emperor, 81

Leo VI, the Wise, Byzantine Emperor, 81

Lex Aebutia, 316-317

Lex Aemilia, 16

Lex Apuleia, 249n

Lex Aquilia, 24, 253, 258, 259, 318

Lex Atilia, 110-111

LexAtinia, 24, 135n

Lex Calpurnia, 314. See also Legis actio per condictionem

Lex Canuleia, 16, 99n

Lex Cincia, 247n

Lex Cincia de donis et muneribus, 24

Lex Cirereia, 249n

Lex Claudia de tutela mulierum, 42

Lex Cornelia, 26, 249n. See also Edicta

(of the magistrates); Suretyship

Lex Cornelia de captivis, 287n

Lex Cornelia de iniuriis, 263n

Lex curiata de imperio, 4, 45

Lex de imperio Vespasiani, 40n

Lex Duilia Menenia, 17

Lex duodecim tabularum, 12

Lex Falcidia, 24, 304, 307, 308

Lex Fufia Caninia, 42, 87n

Lex Furia, 249n

Lex Furia testamentaria, 304

Lex Genucia, 17

Lex Hortensia, 16, 17, 23

Lex Hostilia,size=1> 311n

Lex Iulia de adulteriis, 42, 108

Lex Iulia de ambitu, 42

Lex Iulia de maritandis ordinibus, 42; 97, 108, 282n

Lex Iulia de senatu habendo, 42

Lex Iulia et Plautia, 135n

Lex Laetoria, 24, 115, 322n

Lex Minicia, 101n

Lex Ogulnia de auguribus, 17

Lex Papia Poppaea, 42, 97, 282n

Lex Poetelia Papiria, 17, 316n

Lex Publilia, 249n

Lex Publilia Philonis, 16, 23

Lex Rhodia de iactu, 234n

Lex Romana Burgundionum, 82

Lex Romana Visigotharum, 82

Lex Silia, 314

Lex talionis. See Talio

Lex Valeria Horatia, 16

Lex Voconia, 24, 288n, 304

Liability for damage, 258-262

Libellus appellationis, 340

Libellus contradictionis, 338

Libellus conventionis, 336, 338

Liber singularis regularum, 67

Liberi naturales, 94

Liberi, 282

Libertini. See Freedmen

New Roman">Libri (jurists), 50

Libri mandatorum, 47n

Literature, legal. See Juridical literature

Litigants, 311n

Litis aestimatio, 128n

Litis contestatio, 149n, 277n, 311, 325, 337n, 339

Litis denuntiatio, 338

Littera Florentina, 77

Littera Pisana, 77

Livy (Livius, Titus), 15n

Loan. See Commodatum, mutuum

Locatio conductio, 229-234

Locatio conductio operarum, 232

Locatio conductio operis, 232-234

Locatio conductio rei, 229-231

Lombards, 82

Longi temporis praescriptio, 137

Longissimi temporis praescriptio, 138

M

Macedonia, 19

Magister officiorum, 60

Magisterial law, 24-30, 42-43. See also Ius honorarium

Magistrature (magistratus), 5, 6, 38, 60

Mala fides. See Dolus

Maleficium. See Delictum

Malum carmen incantare/ occentare, 263 Mancipatio, 14, 92n, 122, 128-130, 171,

172, 177

Mandata, 47, 62, 63

Mandatum (mandate), 202, 237-239

Mandatum pecuniae credendae, 238n, 248

Manumissio, 86-87

censu, 86

inter amicos, 87

per epistulam, 87

per mensam, 87

testamento, 86 vindicta, 86

Manus, 89n, 101-103

Marcianus, A., 28n, 56

Marcus Aurelius, Emperor of Rome, 36, 274n Marriage, 96-108

cum manu, 88-89, 101-104 dissolution of, 107-108 sine manu, 89n, 103-104 requirements of, 98-101

Matrimonium iuris gentium, 101n Matrimonium non iustum, 100-101

Maximian, Emperor of Rome, 57

Membrum ruptum, 263

Merger (confusio), 275

Metus (duress), 194-195, 268-269

Minores, 332n

Missio in possessionem, 154, 325, 331

Mithridates, King of Pontus, 20

Modestinus, Herennius, 56, 97

Modus (burden), 197

Mommsen, T., 77

Monarchy (regal period)

dates of, 2

political organization, 4

Mora, 205-207

Mora creditoris, 206-207

Mora debitoris, 205-206

Mores maiorum, 8 Movables. See Res mobiles

Mutuumsize=1>, 207-209

N

Nasciturus fiction, 85

Natura, 51-52

Natural law. See Ius naturale

Natural law, School of, 84

Nauta, caupo, stabularius, 267

Necessity, 262

Neglegentia, 199

Negotia bonae fidei, 189, 192, 193, 198

Negotia stricti iuris, 189, 191, 193, 198

Negotiorum gestio, 240-241

Negotium claudicans, 112

Nero, Emperor of Rome, 36

Nerva, Emperor of Rome, 36, 42

Nexum, 14, 185, 208n

Nomina transcripticia, 218-219

Nota censoria, 108n

Notitia dignitatum, 60n

Novation (novatio), 209n, 275-276

Novels of Justinian (Novellae leges), 78-79 Noxae deditio, 14, 270. See also Noxal liability Noxal liability, 270-271

Nuncupationes, 129

O

Obligatio alternativa, 189

Obligatio facultativa, 189

Obligations (obligationes)

bonae fidei, 186

civiles, 186

ex contractu, 185-187

ex delictosize=1>, 185-187

ex variis causarum figuris, 185 honorariae, 186

naturales, 186

nature of, 183-187

quasi ex contractu, 186

quasi ex delicto, 186

sources and classifications of, 185-187 stricti iuris, 186

termination of, 271-277

Occupatio, 52, 138-140

Octavian (Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus).

See Augustus, Emperor of Rome

Ofilius, A., 34

Omission, (omissio), 189, 253, 260, 262

Operae servorum vel animalium, 171

Oratio principis, 44

Ordo decurionum, 95n

Ordo equester/equites. See Equites/ordo

equester

Ordo senatorius (senatorial order), 20

Os fractum, 263

Ostrogoths, 59, 71

Ottoman Turks, 79

Ownership (dominium) acquisition of, 127-148 definition, 126 forms of, 126-127 joint, 155-156 limitations on, 153-155 protection of, 148-152

P

Pacta adiecta, 245-246

Pacta legitima, 247

Pacta praetoria, 246

Pactum antichreseos (antichresis), 178, 213n

Pactum commissorium, 179

size=1 color=black face="Times New Roman">Pactum de distrahendo, 177, 178, 213n

Pactum de iureiurando, 246n

Pactum de non petendo, 273

Pactum de retrovendendo, 228

Pactum displicentiae, 228

Pactum donationis, 247

Pactum dotis, 247

Pactum fiduciae, 129n, 177

Pactum/pacta, 186, 245-247

Pandects. See Digest of Justinian

Papinian mass, 76

Papinianus, A., 55

Papirius, S., 11

Partnership. See Societas

Partum auctoritas, 23

Pater adrogans, 91

Pater emancipans, 93

Paterfamilias, 88-91, 126n, 200-202, 270

Patria potestas, 13, 17, 18, 70, 88-91 termination of, 90-91

Patricians, 3, 8-9

Patronus, 87n

Pauli sententiae, 67

Paulus, I., 51n, 55, 139n, 145n, 184n, 254 Pax romana, 36

Peculium (of filiusfamilias), 89-90, 201

Peculium (of slaves), 86n, 201

Peculium adventicium, 90

Peculium castrense, 90, 270n

Peculium profecticium, 90

Peculium quasi-castrense,lang=EN-US style='font-size:8.0pt;line-height:107%'> 90

Pecus, 259

Pentateuch Code, 12

Per capita, 281, 283-284

Per stirpes, 283

Peregrini dediticii, 37n

Peregrini/peregrines. See Foreigners Performance, 188, 189, 272

Pergamum, kingdom of, 19-20

Permutatio (barter), 222n, 244 Persians, 70, 71

Person (persona)

alieni iuris, 88-89

in mancipio, 92 meaning of, 85 sui iuris, 88

Personae incertae, 288

Personae turpes, 293

Personal security, 176

Personality principle, 8, 82

Philip V, King of Macedonia, 19 Pictura, 145

Pignus, (pledge), 178-179, 213

Plaintiff (actor, petitor), 311n Plebeians, 3, 8-9

Plebiscita, 8, 16, 23-24

Pledge. See Pignus

Pliny the Younger, 53

Polybius, Greek historian, 5n Pomponius, S., 54 Pontiffs, 9-10, 17-18

Populus Romanus, 4

Possessio ad interdicta, 158-159

Possessio civilis, 158, 159

Possessio iuris, 159n

Possessio naturalis, 158, 159

Possession

acquisition of, 160-161 definition of, 156-157 forms of, 157-160 loss of, 160-161 maintenance of, 160-161 protection of, 161-164 Post-classical period, dates of, 2 Postliminium, 107n, 287n Postulatio actionis, 324 Postulatio simplex, 338 Postumi, 288 Potentiores, 59

Potestas (of magistrates), 6

Praefectus annonae, 41

Praefectus praetorio (praetorian prefect), 40, 61

Praefectus urbi (city prefect), 40, 61 Praefectus vigilum, 41 Praescriptiones, 321-322

Praesumptio Muciana, 33, 104 Praesumptiones, 327, 339

Praetor de liberalibus causis, 335

Praetorfideicomissarius, 305, 335-336

Praetor peregrinus, 5-6, 29, 39

Praetor tutelarius, 335

Praetor urbanus, 6, 39

Praetor’s edict. See Edictum perpetuum Praetorian delicts, 267-270

Praetors, 5, 25-27, 334

Precario tenens, 159

Precarium, 244

Pre-classical period, dates of, 2 Prefectures, 57-58, 61

Priests, 9

Princeps, 36, 39, 45

Principate

dates of, 2

end of, 38

organs of administration, 39-41 origins of term, 36

Probus, Emperor of Rome, 56

Proconsules, 20

Proculians, 53, 147, 302n

Proculus, 53

Procurator, 161n, 202, 311n Procuratores, 41

Procuratores a rationibus, 41 Prodigus, 117, 118

Provincial administration, 20

Provincial governors, 20

edicts, 26-27

mandata, 47

under the dominate, 61

Provocatio ad populum, 7, 14

Proximi agnati, 280, 281

Proximi cognati, 282

Publicani, 20, 235n

Punic wars, 19

Pupillus, 109, 135n

Q

Quaestiones (jurists), 50

Quaestor sacri palatii, 60, 62 Quaestors, 6

Quasi ususfructus, 170

Quasi-contract

definition of, 239 forms of, 239-240

Quasi-delict (quasi-delictum), 266-267 Querela inofficiosi testament, 292-294

R

Rapina (robbery), 257-258

Real security, 176-182

Reception of Roman law, 1, 83-84 Receptum arbitri, 246, 341n

Receptum argentarii, 246

Receptum nautarum, cauponum, stabulariorum, 246

Recuperatores, 310

Regal period. See Monarchy Regula Catoniana, 303 Regulae (jurists), 50 Rei vindicatio, 149-150, 257

Release, 272-273. See also Obligations

(termination of)

Relegatio, 96n

Religion (influence of), 9

Replicationessize=1>, 321

Representation, 200-202, 281 Republic

crisis and fall, 21-22

dates of, 2

expansion in Italy, 3-4

expansion into Mediterranean world, 19-20 Repudium, 107, 108n

Res communes, 121

Res corporales, 121-122

Res cottidianae, 77

Res deiectae vel effusae, 266-267

Res derelictae, 139

Res divini iuris, 120

Res extra nostrum patrimonium

(res extra commercium), 120-121 Resfungibiles, 124, 207n

Res furtivae, 24

Res humani iuris, 120

Res immobiles, 123

Res in nostro patrimonio

(res in commercio), 120

Res incorporales, 121-122

Res mancipi, 122-123, 128 Res, meaning of, 119-120

Res mobiles, 123

Res nec mancipi, 122-123

Res non fungibiles, 124

Res nullius, 121n, 138, 139

Res publicae, 121

Res religiosae, 120

Res sacrae, 120

Res suspensae vel positae, 267

Res universitatis, 121

Rescripta, 47, 62 Respondere, 31, 49

Responsa, 32-33, 49, 50, 65 Restitutio in integrum, 268, 269, 331-332 Revival of Roman law in the West, 1, 82-83

Revocatio in duplum, 329

Rex. See King

Rights, personal (iura in personam), 125n, 183

Rights, real (iura in rem), 125n

Robbery. See Rapina

Roman legal history, divisions of, 1-2

Roman nobility, 5, 20

Romulus Augustulus, Emperor of the West, 59

Rufus, P.R., 34

Rufus, S.S., 33

S

Sabinian mass, 76

Sabinians (Sabinian School), 53-54, 147, 302n

Sabinus, M., 53

Sacramentum, 312

Sacrum consistorium, 60, 61

Samnites, 3

Sanctio pragmatia, 63

Sanctio pragmatica pro petitione Vigilii, 63

Satio, 147

Saxons, 59

Scaevola, Q.M., 33, 34, 154n

Scholia Sinaitica, 68

Scrinia, 41, 60

Scrinium a cognitionibus, 41

Scrinium a libellis, 41

Scrinium a memoria, 41

Scrinium ab epistulis, 41

Scriptura, 144

Second life of Roman law, 1, 80-84

Self-defence, 262n

Self-help, 9, 14, 309, 316n

Seller, duties of, 224-228

Senate, 4, 6, 22, 38, 43-44, 61-62

Senatorial order. See Ordo senatorius

Senatus consulta, 6, 22, 42-44

style='font-size:8.0pt;font-style:italic'>Senatus consultum Iuventianum, 300

Senatus consultum Macedonianum, 44, 209

Senatus consultum Neronianum, 302

Senatus consultum Orfitianum, 283

Senatus consultum Pegasianum, 44, 307

Senatus consultum Silanianum, 44

Senatus consultum Tertullianum, 44, 283

Senatus consultum Trebellianum, 44, 306

Senatus consultum ultimum, 5

Senatus consultum Velleianum, 44, 251

Sententia, 327, 337, 339

Sententiae (jurists), 50

Separatio bonorum, 297

Sequester, 159n, 212

Servitudes constitution of, 171-173 personal, 168-171 praedial (real), 164-168 protection of, 173 termination of, 174

Servitus altius non tollendi, 166

Servitus cloacae immittendae, 166

Servitus fluminis recipiendi, 166

Servitus ne luminibus officiator, 166

Servitus ne prospectui officiator, 166

Servitus oneris ferendi, 166

Servitus proiciendi protegendive, 166

Servitus stillicidii recipiendi, 166

Servitus tigni immittendi, 166

Severus Septimius, Emperor of Rome,

37, 216n

Slavery. See Slaves

Slaves (servi), 21, 44n acqusition through, 86 contracts of, 86, 190 peculium of, 86n release of, 86-87 (see also Manumissio) status of, 86

Social classes, 3, 20-21, 36-37, 59

Societas (partnership), 234—237

style='font-size:8.0pt;line-height: 107%;font-style:italic'>Societas leonina, 235n

Societas omnium bonorum, 235

Societas unius rei, 235

Societas vectigalis, 235n

Societates publicanorum, 235n

Solarium, 176

Solon of Athens, 12, 12n

Solutio, 272

Solutio indebiti, 241-242

Specificatio, 147-148

Sponsio, 248-249. See also Suretyship

Sponsio, 97, 214

Spurii, 94

Status, 85

Status permutatio, 96

Stipulatio, 14, 189n, 203n, 214-217, 225-226, 313n

Stipulatio Aquiliana, 273

Stipulationes cautionales, 331

Stipulationes communes, 331

Stipulationes iudiciales, 331

Stipulationes praetoriae, 331

Stoicism, 21-22, 51

Struggle of the orders, 4-5

Substitution (substitutio), 290-291

Substitutio pupillaris, 290-291

Substitutio quasi-pupillaris, 291

Substitutio vulgaris, 290-291

Succession under the Principate. See Adoptive emperorship

Roman">Sui heredes, 155n, 280

Sui iuris, 18, 88, 91, 108-109

Superficies, 159n, 176

Suretyship, 248-251

Syngraphe, 219

Synopsis Basilicorum Maior, 81

Syrio-Roman book of law, 68

T

Tacitus, 53

Talio, 184, 263

Tempus lugendi, 99

Tenuiores, 59

Testa, C.T, 33

Testamentary succession, 284-295 Testamenti factio, 287-289

Testamentum

apud acta conditum, 287 calatis comitiis, 8n, 284 militare, 286 per aes et libram, 128, 285 per nuncupationem, 287 principi oblatum, 287 in procinctu, 285 ruri conditum, 286 tempore pestis, 286 tripertitum, 286 Tetrarchy, system of, 57 Textura, 143-144 Theft. See Furtum

Theodoric II, King of Visigoths, 82n

Theodosius I, Emperor of Rome, 58

Theodosius II, Emperor of Rome, 64, 68 Theophilus, 72

Thesaurus, 139

Third century crisis, 37-38

Tiberius, Emperor of Rome, 36, 53

Titus, Emperor of Rome, 36

Traditio (delivery), 52, 131-134

brevi manu, 133

longa manu, 132-133 symbolica, 133-134

Traditiones fictae, 132

Trajan, Emperor of Rome, 36

Transactio, 273n

Tribonianus, 72

size=1 color=black face="Times New Roman">Tribuni plebis (tribunes), 6, 39

Tribunicia potestas (tribunician power), 39 Tutela (guardianship) 13, 18n, 108-114 dativa, 110-111 fiduciaria, 110n impuberum, 109-114

legitima, 110 mulierum, 114 praetoria, 111 testamentaria, 109 termination of, 114

Tutela legitima parentum, 110

Tutela legitima patronorum, 110 Tutor praetorius, 111

Tutor

appointment of, 109

responsibilities and functions of, 111-114 Twelve Tables, Law of, 9, 12-17, 92, 93, 109, 113, 117, 123n, 134n, 135n, 146, 153n, 155n, 256, 256n, 258, 263, 271, 279, 280-281, 311, 312n, 314n, 315

U

Ulpiani Epitome, 67

Ulpianus, D., 51n, 55-56, 237n

Ultima necessitas, 5

Unjust enrichment, 243n Usucapio, 14, 24, 127, 134-137 Usufruct (ususfructus), 105n, 169-170 Usufructuary (usufructuarius), 169 Usus, 8n, 102-103, 170-171. See also Marriage cum manu; Servitudes (personal)

V

Vadimonium, 324 Valens, Emperor of the East, 58

Valentinian I, Emperor of Rome, 58 Valentinian III, Emperor of the West, 63, 64, 68

Vandals, 59, 71 Varus, P.A., 33

Vatican Fragments. See Fragmenta Vaticana Venalium vendendorum leges, 33

Venditio bonorum, 330

Venia aetatis, 116

Vespasian, Emperor of Rome, 36 Via, 165

Vicarii (vicars), 61

Vindex, 311, 316, 324

Vindicatio servitutis, 173

Vindicatory action. See Rei vindicatio

Vis maior, 198, 224

size=1 color=black face="Times New Roman">Visigoths, 59, 71

Volenti non fit iniuria, 262n

Von Jhering, R., 160n

Von Savigny, F.C., 160n

Vulgar law (vulgarrecht), 69-70. See also

Customary law

W

Wife (uxor), 88

gifts between husband and, 104 status of, 101, 103-104

Will. See Testamentum

Witnesses, 312, 327n

Z

Zeno, Emperor of the East, 175, 233n

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