INDEX

Abandonment of slaves (see also Sick slaves) 274; noxal liability 107 Abduction of slaves 82 sq.

Absconding slaves, administrative rules 268 Abstention of heres, effect on manumissions 609

Acceptilatio, to or for a slave 217, 261, 694 Accrual in manumission of common slave 575

Acknowledgments, by slave 164; of freedom, effect 648; of liberty, effect 647

Acquisitions by heres necessarius, ignorant of fact 332; servus communis 379 sqq.; dotalis 263 sqq.; fugitivus 271 sqq.; fructuarius361 sqq.; hereditarius256sqq.; in bonis 250; malae fidei possessus, 355; publicus municipii 328 sqq.; slave whose ownership is in suspense 136; statuliber 287; vicarius 241 sqq.

Acquisition, in suspense 292, 349, 363sqq.; idssu possessoris 342; manumission 681; of ownership through slave 135 sqq.; through bona fide serviens 332; to pecu­lium 198 sqq.

Actio aestimatoria 59; auctoritatis 52; de in rem verso 116 sqq., 685; adempto pe­culio 219; basis 184 sq., 705; nomine vicarii 245; de pauperie 112

Actio de peculio 123, 207 sqq.; annalis 227 sqq., 865; error, restitutio 708, 710; renewal, aucto peculio 708; scope 207­214, 639, 705; transfer of slave inter vivos 229, 709

Actio doli, for acts done before manumission 692; ex empto, for edictal obligations 44, 45, 63; where contract is void 44; exer­citoria 127, 174 sqq.; expilatae heredi­tatis 520; ex poenitentia 634, 638, 639, 645; funeraria 74; furti in case of pledged slave 282 sq.; tnturiarum suo, servi, no­mine 79 sqq.; institoria 169 sqq.; know­ledge of parties 173 sqq., 703 sqq.; nomine vicarii 247

Action against dominus, effect on natural obligation 695

Actiones adiectitiae qualitatis, consumptio inter se 711; formulation 706

Actio Panliana 61; Publiciana 27; quanto minoris 53, 59, 60; quod iussu 166sqq.; notice to third party 167, 703

Actio redhibitoria 59 sqq.; burden of proof 60; duties of buyer 61 sqq.; effect 61,63; eviction of slave 66; interitus rei 66; limits of time 59; more than one buyer or seller or slave 67, 68; penal character 64; refusal of vendor to receive slave 62

Actio Serviana 48, 50; tributoria 233 sqq., 712; alternative to de peculio 238, 712

Actor, sale of freeman to act as 433 Actus, liability after manumission 689 Addictio bonorum 620 sqq.

Addictio in cessio in iure 715

Ademption of, administratio peculii 205; of conditions 486; of fideicommissum 519; of legacy 149; of manumission 466, 470; of peculium 205, 219, 467

Aditio of servus communis institutus 384

Administratio peculii 201 sqq., 243, 690, 697 Adoption of slave 448

Adrogatio, actio de peculio 213

Adsertia libertatis 442, 655, 656, 726; secunda 668

Adstipulatio 155

Age of manumitting owner 537sqq., 555 Age of manumissus 450, 542 sq., 552 Alienation by slave 159, 201, 241, 713; of statuliber 488

Alimenta 472, 473

Ancilla Caesaris 323; married to freeman 549, 602

Animus donandi 636; fraudandi 561; possi­dendi 131

Anniculi probatio 536

Apparent condition in manumission by will 483; fructuarius in good faith 395 ; liberty, praescriptio 648

Appeal in causa liberalis 667, 679

Appointment as tutor, without express gift of liberty 463, 514

Arbitrium in noxal actions 114

Beneficium separationis 606

Birth as cause of slavery 397 sqq.

Bonae fidei possessor 103, 104, 331 sqq.; acquisition by 341 sqq.; noxal liability 129

Bona fide serviens 262, 331 sqq.

Bona vacantia, gifts of liberty 628

Bonitary owner, acquisitions to 186; manu­mission by 533, 549, 593

Burial of slaves 74

Burden of proof in causa liberalis 655, 660

Calumnia in causa liberalis 663, 665 Capti et fraudati 225, 229

Captivi (see also Postliminium) 291 sqq.; manumission 597; return without postli­minium 306, 307

Captivity, effect on family relations 295 Captivity of slave, effect on rights over him 298

Carbonian edict 672

Castration of slaves 8, 37, 80, 602 Caupo, theft by employees 122, 127 Causae manumissionis 539 sqq.

Causae probatio 538 sqq., 542, 629

Causa liberalis 85, 183, 686, 662 sqq., 716; acquisitions 664 sqq.; actions against claimant of liberty 662; burden of proof 656, 660; claims of lesser rights 670; concurrence with other issues 671 sq.; interim position of the man 663; posses­sion of the man 270, 668

Cautio Muciana 486, 486, 586

Census 489 sq.

Cessio in iure, essential character 715 sqq. Child bom apud hostes 301, 805, 808 Child of anciUa, when free 898, 399, 400,

617 sqq.; of libera, when a slave 898 Cibaria annua 821

Circumductio 656, 669

Civil position of slave 82 sqq.

Claims of liberty 652 sqq.; of ingenuitas, property relations 674

Codicils by captivi 301, 308 Cognatio servilis 76 sqq., 682

Coheirs as common owners 392 sqq.

Collegia tenuiorum 74

Collusion between vendee and claimant of man 48; iu causae liberales, etc. 419, 650, 674; to defeat will 610

Coloni fugitivi 408

Commercial importance of slaves 181 Commodatum of or by slave 11, 158, 265 Common slave, acquisition ex re unius domini 386; legacy to 258, 392; trans­actions affecting owners 890 sq.

Compensatio in naturalis obligatio 700 Compulsion to enter to save fideicommissa

523 sqq.; to free under trust 611 sqq.

Concealment of fugitivi 269

Concessio peculii 196, 197, 206 Concubina, manumission 609 Condemnatio iu noxal action 105 ; of preg­nant woman 400

Condictio generalis 186; ob rem dati 644 Conditional gift ut manumittatur 681 Conditional liberty, addictio bonorum 621 Conditional manumission of common slave 576

Condition dando, faciendo 501; in fidei­commissa 518; in legacy to freed slave 471; in manumission 455, 482 sqq., 571; iurisiurandi 486; pecuniam dare, dispute as to hereditas 470, 502; claim of payee 60S sq.; prevention of performance 491 sqq., 496, 608; rationes reddere 495 tqq., 501

Coniuratio 90

Consent of dominus to mannmiaaion by third party 457

Consilium 588 sq.

Constitutio Butiliana 815 Consumptio ipso iure 707 Contract by deputy of magister navis 174 Contract by master, act of slave 161 sqq. Contract by servus communis 377 sqq., 887 sqq.

Contract by servus, dolus 157; dolus or culpa of dominus 212; obligation of master, limitations 165 sqq.

Contract by servus dotalis 268; fiscalis 826; fructuarius 859, 362, 368; fugitivus %13; hereditarius 260 sqq.

Contract by servus publicus 822

Contract by vicarius 242, 248

Contract of bona fide serviens 339 sqq., 347 ; of slave, for right for himself 156

Contractual capacity of slave 155 Contubernium of slave 76

Conveyance of slaves 11

Corruptio hereditati» 678

Creditor, what is 562 eq.

Crime by slave 91 sqq., 700', by slave sold 57; by statuliber 288

Crimen expilatae hereditati» 256

Cruelty to slaves 36 sqq.

Culpa in eligendo 123; in mandato 126 Curator bonorum captivi 11, 293 Custodia, nature of 282 ; noxal liability

123

Damnum by slave of colonus 123; by slave to himself, deduction in actio de peculio 223; in turba factum 99, 100; to slave 29 ; to pledged slave 281 ; to servus here­ditarius 254

Death, effect on questions of status 651 Death in captivity, presumptions 303 Death of third person, effect on questions of status 652

Debita naturalia 685

Debts as part of peculium 193, 194, 198, 220, 685; of dominus to slave 685; of peculium in actio de peculio 221 »qq.

Decree as source of freedom 598 sqq. Decurio cohabiting with ancilla 77 Dediticii 544; enslaved 402

Deditio by pater patratu», postliminium 304 Deduction for debt in actio de peculio 223­226, 379

Defaulting adsertores 655

Defaulting claimants of liberty 419

Defensio ot slave 91, 112, 113, 374 Dejectio of slave, effect on possession 160 Delatio by slaves 85 ; by slaves of the Fisc

326; by slaves of punishment 278

Delict by familia 118 tqq., 376

Delict by serous communis 373 sq., 376, 377 ; by »erous dotalis 124 ; by serous fructuarius 116«q. ; by servus hereditarius 254 sqq.

Delict by slave 98 sqq., 677, 679 ; against redhibiting buyer 124 ; against third persons, deductio in actio de peculio 222 ; in connexion with contract 122 tqq.

Delict by slave, knowledge of dominus 115, 128

Delict by vicarius 248

Delict, enslavement of wrong-doer 435 ; privity of dominus, manumission 678«}}.; to bona fide serviens 334 sqq.; to servus communis 372; to servus hereditarius 254; to slave 31, 676

Denial of potestas in noxal actions 104 Denuntiatio under Sc. Claudianum 412 sq. Deposit of or with slave 265, 697 Derelictio, compared with manumission 437 Derelict slaves 274, 280 sq.

Dictum promissumve in sale of slave 56 63 Dies cedens in gift to slave 145, 146, 152 Dies in manumission 455, 469, 479 sqq., 490

Direction not to alienate 515

Discretionary fideicommissum 516

Division of claim, actio de peculio 229, 709 Divorce, restrictions on manumission 584 «}}.

Dolus, in noxae 106, 110; essential to actio tributoria 236; as basis for actio de peculio 209

Donatio by slave 204; by slave to master, when a versio 179 sqq.

Donatio mortis causa 151, 635

Donatio to common slave 389

Dos ot servus poenae 407

Dos, promise to common slave 389

Dotal slave, manumission 583

Duae lucrativae causae 147

Ductio in noxal actions 103 sqq., 110

Eadem res, what is, for liti» consumptio 709 Edictal liabilities enforced by actio ex empto 45

Edict of Aediles 39, 46, 52 sqq.; fraud on the edict 63, 59; mutual and moral defects 57; nationality of slave 48, 58; sale of slave as accessory 59; sale of veterator as novicius 9, 57

Edictum Carbonianum 86

EffdBt of enslavement 434 tqq.; of pardon 410, 607, 701; of prevention of per­formance of condition 493

Employments of slaves 7, 131, 320, 822, 324, 327

Emptio on credit by servus fructuarius 364 Emptio suis nummi« 636 sqq.

Enslavement 397 sqq., 419 sqq.

Entry into monastery, freedom 600

Erro 52, 55

Error in institution and manumission 143,

506

Erroris causae probatio 545

Error of statue 143

Estoppel by fraudulent eale 430

Evasions of statutes affecting manumission 538, 547

Eviction 46 sqq.; abandonment of slave by buyer 50; exclusion of penalty by agreement, effect 46; interitus rei 49, 52; of accessories and partus 51; of an undivided part 51; of less than owner­ship 50; of one slave where several sold 50; remedy ex empto and ex stipu­latu, difference 46 sq.; usucapio by buyer 49

Evidence by slaves 86 sqq. ; in charge of adultery 91; for or against masters 88 sqq.

Exceptio annua 228

Exceptio rei iudicatae, theories as to differ­ent types 696

Exercitor, what (see also Actio exercitoria) 174; theft by employees 122, 127

Ex operis, acquisitions 341 sqq. Expromissio by slave 215, 686, 693 Ex re, acquisitions 341-5, 352 Extraneus, addictio bonorum to 621

Facinora, what are 94, 680 Facultas dedendi 113, 114 Failure in causa liberalis 549 Failure to receive instrumenta 648 Falsa causa in manumission 539 Falsa conditio 490

Familia communis, delict by 376 Familia, delict by 118 sqq.

Family relations of serous publicus 319, 320 Fictio legis Corneliae 300 Fideicommissa, implied 514 sq.

Fideicommissa to slave, acceptance by master 140; of liberty 513 sqq.; absence or default of one of several rogati 616; alienation by roga tus 614, 615; applica­tion of lex Falcidia, etc. 521 sq.; charged on infans 528; choice by heres 517 ; consent of slave 517, 555 ; death of rogatus without successor 615; delay, status of partus 617; failure of will 520; failure to complete 559 ; insufficiency of gift to fiduciarius 529, 530, 557 ; interim position of slave 524; legacy of slave 518; not strictly due, relief 618; on whom may be charged 527 sqq. ; on whom binding 516, 519 sq., 523; overdue 611 sqq.; publicatio of rogatus 614

Fideicommissa of peculium 192 Fideicommissa tacita 148

Fideicommissa to buy and free a slave 530 sqq.

Fideiussio, by or for slave 158, 215, 687, 688, 693 sqq.

Fiducia 632 sqq., 645, 646; actio de peculio 220 ; noxal liability 125 sqq.

Fiduciarius, rights over slave 524 sq.

Filiusfamilias, actions against, servi nomine 249

Filiusfamilias, freeing by authority of pater 458, 559, 718 sqq.

Fisc, bound by gifts of liberty 611, 627 Fisc, manumission by debtor to 629 Flight of slaves, what is 267

Flight of slaves to statue of Emperor 37 Forfeiture on condemnation 407 sqq., 436 Forgery of will, torture of servus hereditarius 253

Formal manumission, iteratio 716 sq.

Formulae of actiones adiectitiae qualitatis 706

Fraud of creditors in manumission 544, 559, 565; who may shew 562, 565; successive creditors 563; in soldier’s will 562

Fraud of patron 544, 560

Fraudulent sale of freeman 427 sqq., 431; age of man sold 429, 432; person en­titled to freedom 429; statuliber 429

Fraus legis 636

Freedom as reward 598 sqq.

Freeman, fideicommissum of liberty to 526 Freewoman, cohabiting with slave 412 sqq. Fructus of bona fide serviens 334

Fructus servi, various forms 10, 21 Fugax 267

Fugitivus 31, 52, 55, 92, 267 sqq., 660; accomplices 31; fur sui 31, 271

Fugitivus, possession of 338, 663 Fugitivus, receptio 90

Fund available in actio tributoria 235 Furiosi servus manumissus 588

Gestio, in the actio de in rem verso 179, 180 Gift by bonae fidei possessor to slave 342 sqq. Gift by slave to wife of common owner 391 Gift by will to common slave 884, 391; to servi alieni 144; to servi hereditarii 257; to slave, manumission 681; to slave, repudiation by dominus 151; to slave of municipality 329

Gift of freeman as a slave 429

Gift to servus poenae 277

Gift ut manumittatur (see also Transfer ut manumittatur) 462, 583, 630

Habere, said of slave 151, 156

Hereditas iacens 252, 254

Hereditas passing to Fisc, Manumission 626

Hereditatis petitio, effect on gifts of liberty 611

Heres, fiduciarius, failing to choose slave to free 610

Heres necessarius 505 sqq., 524, 546,

553 sqq., 573, 575, 640, 642; acquires liberty from self 507 ; by fideicommissum 509

Heresy, freedom of slave 605 sq.

Husband and wife, gift ut manumittatur 630

Ignorantia turis 416

Imperial property, varieties 318, 323

Implied gifts of freedom 461 sqq., 478, 552 sqq.

Imputation for dolus in actio de peculio 218 sqq.

Incensus 401, 647

Incertae personae, manumission 477, 556 Independence of peculium 189

Indulgentia generalis 410

Influence of Greek law 448, 643 Informal gift of liberty by will 444 Informal manumission 444 sqq., 458, 548,

554 sq.

Informal manumission, iteratio 716 Informal manumission of pledged slave 574 Informer freed as reward 599 sqq. Ingenuitas, claim of 672

Ingenuus, definition 438

Ingratitude to patron, etc. 422 sqq. Ingratitude of filius liberti 427

Inheritance of captivus 299 sqq.

Iniuria to slave 79 sqq., 358

Institor, appointment by pupillus 170; slave of other party to contract 171

Institutio and manumissio under different conditions 512

Institutio of, and legacy to, servus castrensis peculii 258

Institutio of derelict slave 275

Institutio of slave 137 sqq.; how far in­stitutio of dominus 137, 138, 140 sqq.; pro herede gestio by dominus 139; repu­diation 140; sine libertate 462, 553 Instrumenta manumissionis 453

Intentio in noxal actions 105 Intent of servus communis 387

Interdicta noxalia 128 Interdictum exhibitorium 658 Interesse of bonae fidei possessor, for actio furti 335

Interitus peculii 206

Interrogatio in actio de peculio 208 Interrogatio in noxal actions 102, 105 Irrevocability of manumission 444, 456, 564, 568, 600

Iteratio 716 sqq.

Joint bonae fidei possessores 340, 394

Joint legacy, contrasted with joint insti­tution 154

Joint usufruct 394, 710

Judaism, proselytising, liberty 604, 605 Index ordering damages instead of delivery 610

Judgment against a slave 3, 83 Judgment debtor 402

Judgment in actio de peculio, naturalis obligatio 696; in causa liberalis, etc., effect 664, 667 sqq., 673, 675 ludicia legitima 707 ludicia sine deditione 102, 103 lura patronatu« 416, 436, 513, 576, 601, 602, 614 sqq., 623, 681, 640, 641

Jurisdiction in causae liberales 657

Ius accrescendi 153 sq., 578 lusiurandum by slaves 85, 202, 214 Ius poenitentiae 634, 645 lussum in acquisition of possession 182, 188; in contract 166, 168, 349, 863, 367, 880, 383; in delict 115, 128; in delict by servus communis 875, 876 lustum initium libertatis 649

Killing of master by slave 90, 94

Killing of slave 29 sqq.·, by master 87; by two injuries 29

Lapse of fideicommissum 519

Lapse of time, collusion 670; eSect on status 648 sqq., 714; from death, eSect on questions of statue 6S1

Latini luniani 633, 643

Latini by manumission vindicta 643 Latinity, how acquired 648, 632 Latitatio by person bound to free 613 Latitatio by heres non rogatus 617 Legacy of cibaria to slave 473; of militia to a slave 151; of optio servi 18 sqq.; of peculium 191 sqq.

Legacy of slave 15 sqq.; construction 77; cum peculio 196; held in fiducia 285 ; in fuga 271; rules as to partus 22

Legacy of vicarius, construction 241 sq. Legacy to slave 144 sqq.

Legacy to slave freed 470 sqq.

Legal position of vicarius 240

Leges luliae iudiciariae 722

Legis actio by filiusfamiUas 718 sqq.

Legitimus numerus 547

Lex Aelia Sentia 402, 423, 424, 445, 507, 519, 525, 533 sqq., 536 sqq., 546, 560, 564, 666, 573 sqq., 594, 630, 649, 717, 718

Lex Aquilia 12, 29, 35, 99, 115, 129, 254, 279, 307, 334, 336, 354, 358, 359, 364, 676, 680, 714

Lex Cincia 333; Cornelia (? de captivis) 299, 308 ; de falsis 3, 94, 137, 294, 300, 385, 592; de iniuriis 82, 93, 598; de sicariis 31, 37, 94, 96, 114

Lex Falcidia 79, 96, 140 sq., 144, 224, 370, 372, 444, 473 sqq., 497, 501, 513, 521, 522, 529, 567, 601

Lex Fabia 31 sqq., 269, 353, 592, 694; Fufia Caninia 477, 613, 546 sqq., 652, 556; Hostilia 293; lulia (?) 722; lulia de adulteriis 90, 91, 470, 484, 519, 585; lulia de maritandis 470, 584, 620, 691; lulia de vi 93, 94, 128; lulia municipalis 320

Lex lunia 239, 250, 279, 280, 445, 446, 533 sqq., 542, 545, 675, 717, 720 sqq.

Lex lunia Petronia 36, 654, 664; Papia Poppaea 297,443,470, 667,691; Petronia 36; Plaetoria 100, 101, 702; Pompeia de parricidiis 78, 93; Quinctia 99; Bubria 114; Salpensana 594; Visellia 535

Liability as basis of interesse for actio furti 283

Liability de peculio, nature and limits of 207, 208, 211, 214, 705

Liability in actiones honorariae, basis 704; on contracts by slave of a municipality 329; to dominus after manumission 689 sqq.

Libera, marrying her libertus 399

Liber homo bona fide serviens, transactions with holder 350 sq.

Liberi expositi 402, 422, 608

Libertinus, definition 438

Liberti ingrati 422 sqq., 550; plurality of patrons 425; who may accuse 425

Liberty as punishment of dominus 602 sqq. Liberty by prescription 564, 714

Lis inchoata 661

Lis ordinata 655, 661 sqq. Litis consumptio 706 sqq.

Loans to servi Caesaris 325

Locatio servi 265

Locatio operarum servi 370

Loss of possession by act of slave 160, 161

Magister navis, what is 174

Maintenance allowance of public slaves

328

Maiestas 86, 90

Malae fidei possessor 134, 331, 353 sqq.; liability for act of slave 354; no right of action for theft, etc. 354

Mancipatio by or to slave 159, 712 sqq. Mancipatio cum fiducia 285, 632 Mancipia urbana, rustica 6

Mancipia vaga 325

Mandate by slave to buy him 216, 639 sq. Mandate to extraneus by bona fide ser­viens to buy him 349

Manumission, age of slave 450, 542, 552 Manumission and institution, modalities 505 sqq.

Manumission apud se, per filium 721

Manumission before magistrate under 20 539

Manumission by buyer, eviction 49

Manumission by codicil 460, 461 Manumission by deaf and dumb owner 595, 720; by filius with or without authority 458, 459, 718; by latin 551, 594; by miles filiusfamilias 459, 477 sq., 719, 722; by non-owner 559 ; by owner with terminable rights 558, 570; by owner under 20 537, 549, 727; by peregrine

594; by persona interposita 598; by priests 451; by redeemer of captivus 316 sq.; by representative 457, 718 sqq. Manumission by will 442 sqq., 460 sqq.; acquisition by Fisc 626; actio de pecu­lio 232; combination of dies and con­ditio 489, 499; conditions 482 sqq., 571; forms 443, 460, 461; illusory gifts 485 ; impossible conditions 484, 489 sqq., 500; must be nominatim 460, 566; negative conditions 489; not a legacy 466 ; querela 567, 569, 610, 672 ; written by slave himself 592

Manumission by woman, without aucto­ritas 551

Manumission censu 440 sqq.·, codicils made during slavery 682; direction to heres to choose 556; during republic 437 sqq.; effect on rights acquired before 698; in convivio 446, 548; tn ecclesiis 449; in form of damnatio 477; inter amicos 494; inter vivos, actio de peculio 230, 719; in soldier’s will 548, 553; is interitus rei 10; liability for transactions between slave and extranei 693; matri­monii causa 458, 631; mortis causa 456, 571, 572; nature of 437, 439, 714, 715, 718; naturalis obligatio 683 sqq.; not alienation 714, 715

Manumission of “ A or B ” 460 ; of com­mon slave 575 sq.; of degraded slave 536, 544; of dotal slave 583 ; of fugitive 594; of pledged slave 573 sqq.; of public slave 589; of reinslaved dediticius 596; of servus fructuarius 578 sqq.; of servus incensi 593; of servus legatus 580 sqq.; of servus municipii 588; of servus poenae 278; of servus pupilli 587; of servus sold for export 597 ; of servus under 30 535, 542; of servos universitatis 588

Manumission, payments to secure 640 sqq.; per epistolam 444, 587 ; poenae nomine 466, 596; post mortem heredis 596; pro­cured by fraud 692 ; sacrorum causa HI; under Justinian, forms 552 sqq.; vis and metus 593

Manumission vindicta 441, 451 sqq.; a legis actio 453 sqq., 543, 718 sqq.; error 558, 720; relaxations of form 462

Manus iniectio in sale ne prostituatur 70; in sale ut exportetur 69

Marriage, effect of captivity on 296

Marriage of child of captivus 297 Master’s contract, slave’s dolus 183 Medical treatment of slave, actio de peculio 222

Metus in manumission 593

Miles, manumission by 459, 477, 478, 719, 722

Military service, evasion 401

Mora, in fideicommissary gifts 524 sq., 614, 617, 644

Morbus and vitium, varieties 52 sqq.

Mother entitled to freedom, position of children 619

Municipal slaves, Sc. Claudianum 416 Mutuum by slave 158

Mutuum to bona fide serviens 333

Naturalis obligatio 683 sqq.

Naturalis obligatio of slave 165, 208, 676, 701; to slave 699

Necessariae personae 659

Negligence of slave under master’s contract 123

Nominatio, in acquisition of possession 133 Nominatio in contract by bona fide serviens 348 sq.; by servus communis 380 sq.; by servus fructuarius 363, 367

Nominatio, privative effect 349, 363, 380 sqq., 394 sq.

Non bis in idem 709

Non-possessing common owner 396 Non-use of servus fructuarius 360

Non-use of operae servorum 371

Novatio by slave 164, 203, 216, 686, 687

Novatio by slave, manumission 686 Novicius 9, 57

Noxa caput sequitur 106, 677

Noxal actions 98 sqq.; by and against bonae fidei possessor 337 sqq.; by and against malae fidei possessor 354

Noxal actions nomine vicarii 248

Noxal actions, translatio iudicii 108, 711

Noxal liability, death of slave 109 sqq.; derelict slave 275; different rules in different delicts 115, 129; eviction of holder 109

Noxal liability for pledged slave 102 sqq.; for servus dotalis 263; for slave in fiducia 286

Noxal liability, nature of 112

Noxal liability of bonae fidei possessor 129, 337; of coheirs of owner 393; of malae fidei possessor 106, 354; of usufructuary 116, 359

Noxal liability, origin 98

Noxal surrender, alternative to actio de peculio 210; dola» 117; effect 110; liberty under Justinian 608

Noxa non solutus 52, 56

Numbers of slaves 6, 7

Oath, by slave 85, 202, 214

Obligatio re contracta, manumission 698 Omissio cautae testamenti 609

Open market, sales in 52

Operae 370, 487, 525

Optio servi 145

Optio servi, manumission 582

Opposing claims in causa liberalis 670 Opus vi out clam factum, noxal rules 128 Ordinatio litis in causa liberalis 655, 661 Ordination, liberty 600

Ownership in relation to manumission 464 sq., 558 sqq.

Pactum de non petendo to slave or domi­nus 695

Pardon of servi poenae 409 sqq., 607

Partus ancillae 21 sqq.; mother entitled to freedom 617 sqq.; not fruits or acces­sories 10, 21, 263

Partus captivae, pledge 312

Partus of dotal ancilla 21

Patientia in actio tributoria 234

Patria potestas, postliminium 308

Patronal rights of fiduciary 525, 615 Payment as condition of liberty 497 sqq. Payment for manumission 634, 640 sqq.; compulsion 641 sqq.; patronal rights 641; recovery 644

Payment of debt by slave 202

Payment to libertus thought a slave 332, 683

Peculii ademptio, as a versio (see also Ademptio) 181, 185

Peculium, acquisition of possession 132, 200, 257

Peculium, character and history of 187; content of 197; grant to vicarius 242; in what sense a universitas 188, 190; legacy of 191 sqq.

Peculium of bona fide serviens 348

Peculium ot servus publicus, etc. 321 »33·

Peculium, on manumission 199

Peculium, possessor, bona fides 200

Peculium, used for payment as condition of liberty 502

Peculium, usucapio 135 Peculium vicarii 246 sqq.

Peculium, what amounts to gift of 189; what included on manumission cum peculio 189

Pecuniam dare, as condition of liberty 496 sqq.; character of payment 497, 504; payment in error 497, 498; prevention 503

Penalties for ingratitude 423 sqq.

Penalties in sale with restrictive condi­tions 70 eq.

Peregrine, manumission by 534

Perpetuity of manumission (see also Irre­vocability) 566

Personality of slave 3, 83, 147, 148, 150, 152, 155, 157, 501

Pileati 447, 549

Pledged ancilla, partus 22 sqq.

Pledged slave 281 sqq.

Pledged slave, abandoned by dominus 277 Pledged slave, delict by 116, 125

Pledged slave, manumission 279, 550, 573 »33·

Poenitentia 634, 638, 639, 642, 645

Position of captivus and children 292, 299 Possession, acquired through bona fide ser­vient 347; acquired through slave 131 sqq., 200; as common owner in good, faith 395 ; death of possessing slave 161; by servus fructuarius 362

Possession, manumission 681

Possession of fugitivi 269 sq. Possession on behalf of captivus 294 Possession, postliminium 309

Possidere, said of slave 156

Postliminium 292, 298, 304 egg., 607, 701 Postponement of causae liberates 659 Potestas, in noxal actions 101, 106 Praedial servitude, legacy to slave 150, 152 Praeiudicia de libertate 653 sq.

Praepositio 172 sqq., 703 sq.; knowledge of creditor in actio tributoria 234

Praetorian will, manumission 447 Praetoris tuitions liberi 445, 534, 720 Precarium servi 266

Prejudice to causa liberalis 671 sqq.

Prevention of satisfaction of condition of manumission 493 egg.

Price-sharing in fraudulent sale 428, 432 Priorities in actio de peculio 224, 226

Privative effect of nominatio 349, 363, 380, 383, 395

Privity of dominus to delict by slave 114, 128

Procedure, incapacity of slaves 83; in cautae liberales 653 sqq.; in noxal actions 101 sqq.

Proclamatio ad libertatem 656

Pro libero se gerens, actio de peculio 216 Promise by slave 165, 215; of money for liberty 692; onerandae libertati» cauta 691; to give a slave 20 sqq.

Prostitution, liberty 603

Protection of slaves against dominus 36 tqq.

Protection to morality of slaves 75 Publicatio 407

Punishment of criminal slaves 93; of privi­leged classes 405, 406; of slave by master 36, 91

Purchase of freedom with peculium 349

Quaestio, iniussu domini (see also Torture) 79, 82

Quasi-impossibility 491, 492

Quern liberum 313, 314

Quod vi aut clam 128, 158

Варе of ancilla aliena 76

Batification in actio quod iussu 167 Ratione» reddere, as a condition on liberty 494 sq.

Beceipt of payment by slave 203

Receptio of servus communi» 372 Becognition of servile relationships 78 Bedemption of captives 311 tqq.

Bedhibition in actio ex empto (see also Actio redhibitoria) 45

Beenslavement for ingratitude 422

Regula Catoniana 142, 145, 146, 150, 471, 472

Belationship, enslavement followed by manumission 682

Relegatio of slaves 93, 94

Beligious position of slave 73, 600, 604 Reliqua reddere 498

Rem non liquere, in cauta liberali» 665 Bepayment to slave 163 tqq., 205, 683 Bepetition of causa liberali» 669 Bepresentation in contract in classical law

702 sqq.

Rescissio Judicii (see also Restitutio actio­nis) 708, 711

Res hereditaria, acquisition through servus hereditarius 259, 391

Restitutio actionis 229, 708, 709, 710, 711 Restitutio in integrum 295, 477, 566 tqq., 622, 630, 710

Restitutio of servi poenae 410 tqq., 701

Bestrictions on power of master, nota Censoria 36

Betrospective effect of manumission of »ervu» legatu» 581

Beversion to ingenuitas 422

Sale de catasta 39, 637

Sale ne manumittatur 72, 585

Sale ne prostituatur 70, 550, 603

Sale of anciUa, voidability, rules as to partu» 22

Sale of captivus 292; of freeman 6,427 tqq., 647; of fugitivus 269; of partu» ancillae 44

Sale of slave 39 tqq.; accessories and partus 41; edict of aediles 52 tqq.; entitled to freedom 47; warranty against defects 53; liability for defects 52; restrictive covenants 68 sqq.; theft by slave from vendor 43; to lenones and lanistas 37; vendor’s liabilities at civil law 42 tq.

Sale of statuliber 287 tqq.

Sale of young children 420 tqq., 608

Sale ut exportetur 69; ut manumittatur 71, 628 tqq.; by minor ut manumittatur 538 Sanguinolenti 403, 420 tqq., 608

Scientia in actio tributoria 234, 706; in acquisition of possession 133; in delict 115, 375

Secunda adsertio 668

Semel here» temper here» 508, 567 Senatusconsultum Articuleianum 454, 612 Senatusconsultum Claudianum 77, 95, 286, 333, 356, 398 sq., 412 sqq., 431, 552, 596, 647; perseveratio 413; effect on children 414; latinae 413,550; property of women condemned 413; special cases 414 sqq.; to what women applicable 413

Senatusconsultum Cottianum 92; Dasu- mianum 515, 612 sqq.; luncianum 612 sqq., 646 ; Macedonianum 202 ; Neroni­anum 192, 466; Ninnianum 675; Orplii- tianum 410, 547, 620; Pegasianum 137, 507, 512, 520, 521, 523; Pisonianum 47, 57, 95; Bubrianum 612 sqq.

Senatusconsultum Silanianum 18, 20, 37, 90, 95 sqq., 130, 281, 286, 333, 356, 400,

550, 593, 601, 619, 626

Senatusconsultum Taurianum 97, 619; Tertullianum 296, 620; Trebellianum 509, 523, 525, 615 ; Vitrasianum 528, 616

Sepulchri violatio 100

Servi corruptio 33 sqq.

Servile caput 3, 676

Servile relationship, oblatio curiae 78, 79

Servire 487, 493, 632

Servitude, stipulation for, by common slave 389

Servitus morte adsimilatur 4, 434

Sick slave abandoned 37, 549, 602

Simplariae venditiones 53

Servus alienus, sale, manumission by owner 40

Seruu» bonorum adventitiarum 250

Servus Caesaris 323 sqq.

Servus Caesarie, manumission 590

Servus captivus, redemptio (see also Cap­tivus) 314 sqq.

Servus communis 372 sqq.; captivus 315; manumission 575; nominatio in contract 381 sq.; Sc. Claudianum 415

Servus deportati, manumission 591; dotalis 262 sqq., 583; filiifamilias 249; fiscalis 319, 324 sqq., 590; fugitivus, noxae (see also Fugitivus) 129; furiosus, instituted 142

Servus fructuarius 356 sqq.; delict by 103, 104, 116,117; manumission 276, 278sq.,

551, 578 sqq.

Servus hereditarius 5, 252 sqq.

Servus hostium, fideicommissum of liberty to 526

Servus in bonis 250, 549 ; indefensus 595 ; in libertate 133, 274; latini, peregrini 251, 594

Servus legatus cum peculio, actio de peculio 232; delicte 107, 125, 255 sq.; legacy to, ademption 150; manumission 580 sqq.

Servus peculiaris 249, 459, 465

Servus poenae 2, 94, 277 sqq., 403 sqq., 427; captivus 298; manumission 591

Servus pro derelicto 2, 50,602; publicus, etc. 318 sqq., 588 sqq.; sine domino 2, 579, 580; suis nummis emptus 29, 636 sqq., 643, 645 ; universitatis 327, 588; usuarius 369

Slave acting as miles 663

Slave acting as tutor 166

Slave as accusator 85; as index or arbiter 84; as member of a collegium 75, 328; as witness 86 sqq., 95

Slave bona fide possessed 331 sqq.

Slave bought from minor, suis nummis 638

Slave freed cum peculio, actio de peculio 231; pendente conditione 550

Slave held in fiducia 285 sq.

Slave informally freed, position 279, 445, 533, 548, 552

Slave in public life 73

Slave of captive, acquisition by 293 Slave of municipality, ownership 327 Slavery, essential character of 1, 2, 4, 434 Slave sold for export 69, 419 sq.

Slave the subject of negotium, delict against a party 124 sqq.

Slave under 30 freed sine causa 543 Social rank of servi publici 321 Stabularius, theft by employees 122, 127 Statuliberi 286 sqq.; alienated pendente conditione 551; how reckoned in the hereditas 474; manumitted by heres 586; noxal liability 102, 108; redempti 316; sale of 47; what are 286, 469, 479, 482, 510, 562, 564, 570, 585

Statutory valuation of slave 8

Sterility as a redhibitory defect 55 Stipulatio by common slave 382; by slave 154 sq.; domino aut extraneo 155, 713

Stipulatio duplae 46 sqq., 64 Substitutions of slaves 510

Substitutions when father and son captured 302 sq.

Succession of children of woman entitled to liberty 620

Succession to captivus 299 sqq.

Surdus vel mutus, manumission 720

Surety by or for slave (see also Fideiussio) 215, 688

Surety to servus hereditarius 261 Suspense, acquisitions 292, 349, 363 sqq. Suspense in manumission 455, 579 Synthetic identity 696

Tacit conditions 484

Taxatio, in actio de peculio 207, 707 Taxation of slaves 38

Terminum motum 99 Testamentifactio servi 83

Theft of property held by slave 31

Theft of slave 31, 282, 287

Torture of slaves 87, 89, 91 «qi·, 95, 662 ; of slave where master killed 95; of servus hereditarius as witness 253

Transactio in actions affecting status 657, 673

Transactions affecting property of captivus 292; between slave and fructuary 367; between slave and master 684, 686, 688

Transfer of slave, actio de peculio 229 sqq., 709

Transfer of slave ne manumittatur 12; manumission 585

Transfer of slave ut manumittatur 542,567, 571, 628 sqq.

Transfuga, postliminium 305, 307, 310 Translatio ludidi 108 sqq., 710

Treasure trove, by servus communis 384 Tribuendo, dolus in 236

Trial of slaves, procedure 91 sq.

Trusts for redemption of captives 311 Tutela libertorum captivi ЗОЇ

Twelve Tables 98, 99, 115, 129, 157, 439, 442, 443, 661

Unborn persons, gift of liberty to 476, 526, 557

Unde vi, noxal rules 128

Usucapio, manumission 681

Usucapio of ancilla or partus 29 sqq.

Usucapio of servus captivus redemptus 316 sq.

Usucapio through slave 134, 135

Usufruct, acquisition by slave 152, 259; adverse bonae fidei possessio 395; held by common owner 395; in abandoned slave 276; in slave, confusio 357

Usufructuary, actio de peculio against dominus 368

Vacant inheritances, rights of Fisc 626 sqq.

Valuation of freed slaves under the lex Falcidia 474

Value of slaves 8

Verna 9

Verberatio contra bonos mores 79, 81, 87 Versio, destruction of the versum 177, 178 Versio in rem, conception (see also Actio de in rem verso) 176 sqq., 184 sqq.

Versio, relation to original negotium 181 Veteranus 9, 57

Vicarius 239 sqq.

Vindicatio peculii 190 sqq., 701

Vindicatio servi 12 sqq.

Vindiciae, secundum libertatem 653 Vindicta liberare 721

Vis in manumission 593

Vocatio in tributum 233 sqq.

Voluntas in actio exercitoria 175

Voluntas in manumission 445, 720

Will, gift by, to slave. See Gift by Will Will, manumission by. See Manumission by Will

Wrongs by or to slave. See Delicts

Year, how reckoned in actio annalis de peculio 228

¹ 41. 7. 8. ^{1 2 *} Post, Ch. xii.

⁸ Fr. Dosith. 11; Ulp. 1. 19; C. 7. 15. 1. 2; post. Ch. xxv.

⁴ 40.12. 23. pr.; post) Ch. xvni.

8 2. 8. 8. 2. ^{4 5} 45. 3. 34.

⁵ 18. 1. 4. 5. 6; 34. 2. 70. As often, the rule was severer in stipulation. Here the agreement was void for impossibility, 44. 7. 1. 9; 45. 1. 83. 5. 103. In 18. 2. 14. 3 we are told that sale to servus alienus thought free was valid, while one to my own slave was in any case void, post, Ch. xxix.

⁸ 4. 8. 9.pr. ⁷ C. 7. 45. 2. Post, p. 84.

may be taken into account if the slave is 5—that being the age at which a slave’s services are

< Coll. 14. 2. 2; C. Th. 9. 18.1; C. 9. 20. 7,16. ⁵ C. 9. 20. 6.

⁸ 19. 1.11. 18. ⁶ C. 8. 44. 6.

¹ 21. 2. 8. ^{1 2 *} Ante, pp. 41 sqq. ⁸ 19. 1. 3.pr.

⁴ 18. 2. 4. 1. ⁶ 30. 82. 4; 31. 73. Ante, p. 24.

⁸ 21. 2. 42, 43. In discussing eviction we have said nothing of its connexion with the actio

(C. 8. 44. 29) etc. But not to mere donatio, apart from agreement (C. 8. 44. 2).

¹ 21. 1. 23. 7, 60. ^{1 2} 21. 1. 23. 1, 60.

³ 47. 2. 17. 2. ⁴ 48. 18. 11.

⁸ 21. 1. 21. 1. » A. t. 21. 2. w 21. 1. 25. 9, 27.

ii A. t. 29. 1, 2. 12 P. 2. 17.11j D. 21.1. 58. pr.

7 21.1. 28. See Bruns, Fontes, ii. Chh. 3, 8; Girard, Textes, 806 sqq.

⁶ Ibid. The text adds contubemales, but the change of case indicates that this is an addition

I e.g. C. 9. 41. 12. ^{I 2 *} 23. 5. 21. 2.

⁸ P. 5. 16. 2; C. 3. 32. 10; D. 48. 18. 9.^?r., 20. Mommsen, op. cit. 412

⁴ 22. 3. 7; P. 2. 17.12, wrongful admission of it was ground of appeal, 48. 19. 20.

⁹ 48. 18. 6.

severity, 48. 19. 10. Wallon, op. cit. 2. 198; Rein, op. cit. 913; Mommsen, Strafrecht, 1032.

⁹ 29. 5. 1. 14, 15 ; P. 3. 5. 5. ¹⁰ 29. 5. 1. 7—9,12, not those given in adoption.

¹⁰ h. I. 34, 35. Mere pretence at help was no defence, h. I. 36, 37. Other excuses were

¹² 48. 10. 32. pr.; P. 5. 25. 5. ¹⁸ 9. 3. 1. 8.

’ 2. 9. 2. 1; 9. 4. 21. 1.

⁶ Z. S. S. 20. 236. M. seems to hold that in case of animals, there was no liability at all.

But it is clear on the text that the right to surrender the corpse was a privilege, not a further liability. He links the rule with expiatory surrender for breach of foedus, Liv. 8. 39­

^s 9. 4. 42. 1. ⁴ 9. 4. 16, 26. 4, 39. 4. ^{5 6} 9. 4. 26. 4.

6 50. 17. 131, 150,157. Lenel, Ed. Perp. § 90.

that the liabilities which might result did not attach till ratification, post, p. 155.

I 29. 2. 13. pr. ⁸ 29. 2. 79. ⁸ 29. 2. 35. pr.

⁴ Salkowski, loc. cit. ^{I * * * * 6} 28. 6, 8, 8.1.

⁶ A patron’s son has a right to operae promised, and to wra in bonis, if he is his father’s

heres, but not if having been emancipated or disinherited, he acquires his father’s hereditas only

through the institution of his slave, 88. 1. 22. 1; 38. 2. 18.

7 G. 2. 245; In. 2. 20. 83; D. 35. 2. 20 ; 36. 2. 17. Cp. 30. 25, 91. pr. See Machelard,

1 50. 17. 12; see 28. 5. 2, 52. 1; 28. 6. 4. 2, 24; 50.16. 116, 243; 50. 17. 17.

² e.g. Vangerow, loc. cit.\ Girard, Manuel, 826. ⁸ C. 6. 24. 3.

⁴ The text is applying the rule that if one of co-owners institutes the slave, all goes to the

⁸ 15. 4. 1. 1. Thus mutus or surdus could authorise, 45. 1. 1. pr.

⁸ 15. 4. 1. 3.

¹¹ Vangerow thinks (Pand. § 240) that the use of the word iussum shews that communication

to the slave is what is meant. Drechsler thinks the iussum might be to the slave, but the third

¹ 15. 3. 5. 2. 3 15. 4. 2. 2. » C. Th. 2. 31. 1.

⁴ 15. 4. 1. 5. » 15. 4. 1. 7, 2. pr.

⁶ 15. 4. 1. 9. Not & procurator voluntarius. ^{1 * * * * * 7} 14. 3. 5. 18.

⁸ e.g. Dernburg, op. cit. 2. §14. See Windscheid, op. cit. § 482; Mandry, op. cit. 2. 553.

Drechsler {pp. cit. 70, 76, 84) holds that there must be a reference to the concerns of dominus;

he relies on 15. 4.1. 5, which however only means, as it says, that fideiussio is not iussio. He

seems to regard the action as excluded because the fideiussio is void: the exclusion is although

w He cites 46. 3. 84. M 12. 5. 5; 46.1.19; cp. 46. 2. 34. pr. ” 14. 6. 3. 2.

peculiaris res. What was due to dominus was a debt, 15.1.11. 4.

¹ C. 3. 36. 6; D. 11. 1. 18. ^{1 2} 10. 3. 8. 4 etc.,/»»«, Ch. xvi.

⁸ 15. 1. 27. 3. Ante, p. 230.

¹⁰ 15. 1. 29. pr. ¹¹ Arg. 15. 1. 27. 6, 47. 4.

^I 15. 1. 47. 6. ^{I 2} 15. 2. 1. 7.

⁸ Other jurists hold that to hand it over without taking security is dolus, so that the amount

⁶ 32. 73. 5. ^{6 7} 33.8. 15...

⁷ 50. 17. 80. A peculium including a vicarius was left; there was a gift of liberty to the vicarius: it took effect on that ground, 40. 4. 10.pr.

a peculium sold, are sold tales quales, 21.1. 33. pr.

1 G. 1. 23, 24 ; 2. 110; 2. 275. ^{1 2} Arg. Ulp. 17. 1; 20. 8; 22. 3 etc.

² G. 1.25; 2. 218 etc. â€? G. 4. 37.

¹ 46. 2. 24. Eius may have dropped out before cuius. ^{1 2} 41. 3. 22.

8 29. 2. 54; 45. 3. 28. 4; 50.17.138. See Accarias (Precis § 347) as to a possible non-juristic

⁹ 47. 4.1.1, 2, 14. If it was theft the res need not have been the property of the testator,

faith by him, and fructus, fetus and partus born after death, h. I. 10, 11, 13.

* P. 3. 6. 69. ^{5 *} P. 2. 13. 2. « Cp. 13. 7. 25.

⁷ G. 2. 220. This does not conflict with P. 3. 6. 69. That is a rule of construction as to

⁸ 49. 15. 17. ⁹ 49. 15. 4. w de Orat. 1. 181.

³ 49.15.19. 5; 41.1. 51. pr. This text is sometimes understood to mean that we acquire

¹ 27. 8.1. 15,16; 46. 6. 4. pr. ^{1 2 *} But their general form is opposed to this limitation.

⁸ In. 1.11. 3. ⁴ C. 10. 71. 3.

⁵ 27. 8.1.15; 46. 6. 4. Interpolation is immaterial here. In the same sequence of ideas

^u Mommsen, qp. dt. 6. 110; Marquardt, op. cit. 396. It is difficult to trace any practical difference between fiscal slaves and those dealing with the public part of Oiepatrimomum.

^M C. Th. 10. 20. 2, 6—9; C. 11. 8. 5, 6; cp. C. 6.1. 8. Even in the Byzantine Empire some of these workers were slaves.

and became incorporated into the familia of one he thought better. There can be no doubt that he acquired to his holder, notwithstanding his own bad faith.

s G. 2. 95. ^{4 * 6} 19.1. 24.1 and passim.

⁶ This fact must be borne in mind, since some of the rules cannot be intelligibly applied till the bonae fidei possessio has ceased.

^II 41.1. 23. 2; 45. 3.20. pr. The texts do not speak of serous alienus, but the rule may be

the possessor would be equally void, 8. 1. 11; 45. 1. 140. 2, etc.

accepted, 47. 2. 65.

g 7. 9.10. 7 G. 2. 92; In. 2. 9. 4.

8 41. 2. 19, 28. ⁹ 41. 2. 19......

it was acquired to the fructuary or not. These texts do not say that the fructuary is acquiring ex operis.

8 V. Fr. 89; 7.1. 12. 3. ^{4 * 6} 7. 1. 55, 68. pr.; 7. 7. 6.1. » 24.1. 3. 8.

6 G. 2. 86. 90, 92; 3. 165; Ulp. 19. 21; P. 5. 7. 3; V. Fr. 71b; In. 2. 9. 4; 3. 28.2; D.2.14. 59; 7. 1. 21; 41. 1. 10. pr., 3, 37. 2; 45. 3. 27.

² 7. 1. 21. He puts legacy in the same position. ¹⁰ op. cit. 174.

^II Salkowski considers further complications where vendor delivers the thing not to slave

but to owner or fructuary before or after payment.

on the facts to say which one. See ante, p. 363, andposi, App. ui.

i 19.1. 24. pr. ^{i 2} Salkowski, op. cit. p. 212; G. 3. 84; D. 4. 5. 2. 1.

» 19.1. 24. pr.

1 46. 4. 8. 1. ^{1 2} 46. 3. 63.

^d 45. 3. 28. 3. Salkowski thinks, on the evidence of the language of the texts, that the rule

< 45. 3. 4. ⁶ 45. 3. l.pr.

« 45. 3. 37. ⁷ loc. cit.

reasoning and the rule that the gift is only pro parte are not so limited.

⁸ Salkowski, op. cit. 33—44. ^{4 * *} 41. 2. 42. pr.

⁸ 41. 2. 1. 7. ⁸ lb. See also port, p. 387.

^II There must be difficulties as to this adjustment, where the slave has pecutia of all his

owners and is actively dealing with all of them. See Salkowski, op. cit. 70—73.

1 G. 1. 86. ⁸ Beff., Huschke, loc. cit.

⁸ 28. 3. 6. 10. Post, p. 405. Accused is not to be condemned in absence*, notice must be

of this notice his goods are forfeited to the Fisc, and in the meantime living things and other

perishables may be sold. But he does not become a aervus poenae, 48. 17.

s 48. 1. 2; 48.19. 2. pr. Mommsen, Strafrecht, 907. ^{10 *} 48.19. 17.

n lb.; C. 9. 47. 1; P. 5. 17. 2. ¹² C. 9. 47. 1.

⁸ h. t. 23. No claim is allowed in maiestas. ⁹ h. t. %±.pr.

⁴ 16. 3. 27. The words nulla...facta should have been struck out.

I C. Th. 4. 10. 1 = C. 6. 7. 2. 8 h. t. 2 = C. h. t. 3.

⁷ 40. 14. 2. pr.

⁷ 40. 1.13. Traditio has been substituted for mancipatio.

1 Post, App. v. ^{1 2 *} 33. 8.19. 2, 20.

40. 1. 7. Very confused and so badly corrupted as to be of little value.

* 37. 14. 38. 16. 3. 7.....

⁸ 29. 7. 2. 2; post, p. 515; cp. P. 4. 14. 2; it is thought that the non in the passage which deals with the converse case should be omitted, Pothier, ad h. I.

1 In. 2. 22. 3. 8 86. 2. 73. 3. ⁹ h. t. 38..pr.

³ P. 4. 14. 1. ² Ante, p. 466.

⁷ As to S si rationes reddiderit cum contubemali sua liber esto, ante, p. 490. The words are clearly capable of many interpretations. ⁸ 40. 4. 22.

⁹ 40. 7. 3. 12. Money was sometimes borrowed by the slave for the purpose. It is in such cases and where the peculium has been left to him that the rule is important that what is paid wrongly or in excess can be recovered, 12. 4. 3. 6; 40. 7. 3. 6.

1 12. 4. 3. 6. ^{1 2 *} h. I. 8.

⁸ Ibid. We do not discuss the point that here he is handing over his own property thinking it another’s and yet Ulpian allows property to pass. He denies this elsewhere (41. 1. 35), but

Marcellus asserts it (17. 1. 49). See Monro, De Adquirendo Dominio, ad 41. 1. 35, and the references.

⁸ 40. 7. 3.13, h. t. 18. The heres can release the payment, and manumission by him without

payment does so, so as to bar his heres from claiming, h. t. 34. pr.

7 40. 2. 9.1. This may mean no more, but it seems to imply that, causae probatio having

annulled his incapacity, he can now free..

⁸ These texts deal only with insufficiency of causa; others shew the rule to be the same in

⁸ 40. 2. 16. pr.

¹⁸ G. 1.19, 39; In. 1. 6. 5; D. 40. 2. 11—14. pr. The case of foster child applied especially

i G. 1. 29—81, see also G. 1.18.. ^{i 2} G. 1. 47.

⁸ Prohibet lex, Ulp. 1.15; obstat libertati, vetat, Fr. Dos. 16; nil agit, liberi non finnt, G. 1.

e C. 7. 10. 1. ⁷ 40. 9. 20. ⁸ 28. 7. 20. 1.

⁶ 40. 4. 40. 1. The laxly expressed reason may be Tribonian’s. See also 40. 5. 47. 8.

’ Ante, p. 455. ⁸ 40. 1. 15; ante, p. 455. ⁸ 40.1. 20. 8.

¹⁰ 40. 9.13; post, p. 585. ¹¹ 40. 9. 14. 2.

¹⁰ Vangerow, Latini luniani, 44 sqq., who cites some earlier writers, thinks that when the

usufruct ended he became a latin or civis according to the circumstances, the manumission vindicta, but only that, operating at once to make him a servus sine domino, by destroying the quiritary ownership. Kuntze, Servus Fructuarius, 62, also thinks the rule merely suspensive, but rests his view mainly on the texts dealing with manumission by will, of small force in this

connexion. Buschke, ad Fr. Dos. 11, thinks vindicta was null, and informal suspended.

⁴ 29. 5. 3.15, on grounds of general utility. Ante, p. 585. “ 29. 5. 16.

9 C. 8. 51. 3. ¹⁰ Nov. 153. ¹¹ Ante, pp. 420 eq.

¹ 40. 5. 26. 7. 2 h. t. 26. 9.

⁹ And thus an arbiter need not decide a reference on such a matter, 4. 8. 32. 7. No local or personal privilege bars the sc. 40. 5. 36. 2. The sc. Articuleianum (a.d. 128) provided that the

Residence at a distance and consenting, 40. 5. 28. 5; infancy, lunacy, captivity, important

^I h. t. 51. 3. ^{i *} As being potentially free, see also h. t. 26. pr.

8 h. t. 15,24. 21.

» 40. 4. 50. pr. ¹⁰ 40. 5. 4. 17. ¹¹ In. 3.11. 1.

1 18. 7. 8.

² It is still stronger if understood to mean “ even if,” as Haymann (op. cit. 16) takes it, rather

than “or if.”

8 17.1.30. < Lenel, Z. S. S. 9.182. ^{1 2 * * * 6} Fr. Vat. 334a.

6 Haymann, op. cit. 48 sqq. Not, however, certainly: the Fr. Vat. may be abridged. The

rule is not without analogies, though from another point of view. See 15. 1. 46.

I 40. 12. 37; C. 7.16. 10. ^{I 2 *} C. 7. 14. 8...

⁸ 40. 12. 37. Apparent exception under sc. Claudianum, ante, p. 412. Transact™ might

have been expected to be on the same level as pact, but as to this see post, p. 657.

7 C. Th. 4. 8. 9 (393) says that those who have lived 20 years openly as free in the enjoyment

effect is considered of the presence or absence of instrumenta emptionie.

⁸ 40.12. 34. ⁷ 4. 6.12; 40.12.24. nr., 3, 25. 2; C. 7.16.14.

⁸ 40. 12. 25. 2. ^{9 io} See, however, Masonke, op. ait. 34.

io 4. 6.12; 40.12. 24.pr., 25. 2; 43.16.1. 21.

1 40. 12. 24^pr. ⁸ h. t. 24. 1.

⁹ h. I. 2. He may have procurators in business or litigation and may be a procurator, 3. 3. 33.1,

* -4nte, p. 173. * Ed. Perp. § 102.

s Iherings Jahrbiicher, 24. 134 sag. ⁴ op. cit. 142.

⁵ The distinction is clearly brought out in 14. 3.17. 3. ⁶ Pand. 2. § 13, n. 13.

⁶ Mandry, Familiengiiterr. 2. 448, 9. ⁹ Karlowa, R. R. G. 2. 1163.

³ Karlowa, loc. cit. ³ Ante, p. 466.