CHAPTER VI

1 See W. L. Westermann, The Slave Systems of Greek and Roman Antiquity (1955), 90-95

2 Pliny, Ep. IH, 19, 7

3 D. 9.2. 5. 3

4 Fontes I, nos. 104, §§ 5-7 and 105,1. 48 respectively

5 On whom see Jones, Studies, 154# and Pliny, Ep.

6 D. 19.2.19.9

7 H. Wallon, Histoire de l*esclavage Ians !antiquity (1879), II, 5iff. (The first edition was in 1847: *ce livre a etd fait en un temps ou la question de 1’es- clavage etait encore (sauf en Angleterre) partout a resoudre’)

8 See, however, Rostovtzeff, SEHRE, pl. XII, no. 2 (with his commentary); and for the American parallel, Stampp, The Peculiar Institution, 196-7, and his Chapter VI, �Slavemongering’

9 D. 14. 2. 10 pr.

10 Fontes HI, no. 134, a queer document, in the Latin language but the Greek alphabet. The consular date is uncertain, but before 151: A. Degrassi, I Fasti Consolari dell'impero rornano (1952), 43

11 D. 21.1. 44.1

12 For a summary see F. de Zulueta, The Roman Law of Sale (1945), 49-51

13 Cicero, de officiis HI, 66; Valerius Maximus, VW, 2,1

14 D. 2.14.31

15 D. 21. 1. 1. 1-2. Gellius gives a pre-codification form of the edict, Noctes Atticae IV, 2,1. The edict on cattleis given at D. 21.1. 38 pr.

16 See Chapter H, p. 56

17 D. 21,1, frags. 8 and 14 pr. and 14. 4, respectively

18 See Schulz, CRL, 537

19 Gai. Inst. I, 6

20 Varro, Res Rusticae II, 10, 5. It is worth comparing Babylonian warranties: Driver and Miles, The Babylonian Latus 1,479ff

21 Tab. Here., nos.LIX, LX and LXI, respectively. We meet some old friends in them

22 Fontes HI, no. 88 (cf. nos. 87 and 89, and also nos. 133-4). The phrase �apocatum pro uncis duabus’ is of uncertain meaning, much argued; plausibly connected with actio auctoritatis by A. Watson in Revue inter­nationale des droits de Uantiquite, 1963, 247#

23 Fontes EH, no.

24 Saumagnein Tablettes Albert ini, 90 ft

25 See E. Polay in Acta Antiqua, 1962, 385^

26 Though opinions differ. For the arguments see now Polay in the article quoted above

27 ILS, 3727

28 Petronius, Satyricon, 97-8

29 D. Daube in Juridical Review, 1952,I2ff

30 A rule amusingly used by Apuleius, Metamorphoses VI, 4 (at the end)

31 D. 48.15. 2. 3; Pauli Sententiae 1,6a, 2

32 Pauli Sententiae I, 6a, 1

33 See, for example, Apuleius, Metamorphoses II, 26

34 Cicero, ad Att. XV, 15, 3 and XVI, 2, 1, respectively. He was actually an employee of Atticus, but seconded to deal with Cicero’s financial affairs

35 See Chapter II, p. 60

36 D. 40. 7. 40

37 D. 40.9.10; cf. Corpus Papyrorum Judaicarum II, nos. 419 a and c

38 Pliny, Ep. VII, 18,2

39 Horace, Epistles I, xiv

40 These passages are translated in Toynbee, Hannibal's Legacy II, 576ff

41 E.g. Petronius, Satyricon, 61

42 D. 14. 3. 8

43 D. 14. 5. 8

44 D. 2. 13. 4. 3

45 D. 7.1.25.2

46 That in our period libera administratio was inherent in grant of peculium was shown in the following papers: G. Longo in Archivio giuridico, 1928, I24ff; E. Albertario in Rendiconti dellTstituto Lombardo, 1928, 833#"; G. Longo again, in BIDR, 1930, 29S

47 See Buckland, Roman Law of Slavery, 188

48 See, for example, D. 21.1.33 pr.

49 D. 15.1. 53

50 As to chronology, there is no sign of the tributoria or quod iussu in Cicero’s day: Watson, Law of Obligations, 185

51 D. 14. i. i pr. See Chapter V, note 122a

52 D. 14. 3.11. 2

53 D. 11. 3.1 pr.

54 D. 11. 3. 1. 5

55 Cicero, adfam. XIII, 21, 2 and 23

56 D. 12. 6. 26. 12

57 See Chapter II, p. 52

58 D. 38. 1. 27 (Julianus)

59 Most that has been written on this subject in recent years comes from the pen of F. M. de Robertis. See especially I rapporti di lavoro nel diritto romano (1946), and Lavoro e lavoratori nel mondo romano (1963, where, on pp. v-vi, he lists other publications of his own).

60 By M. I. Finley in Comparative Studies in Society and History, 1964, 233ff, especially 238, and in RHDFE, 1965,159ff

61 These studies are: Adams, Paramoné und verwandte Texte, especially 44ff, and Samuel in Journal of Juristic Papyrology, 1965, 22iff (quoted above, Chapter II, note 115)

62 Papiri della società italiana, no. 549, discussed by Adams, op. cit., 44

63 Excavations at Dura-Europos, Final Report V, Part I, no. 20 (pp. iO9ff)

64 See Adams, op. cit., 76, and (on Berliner griechische Urkunden [BGU] IV, 1126, the �barmaid’s contract’ of 9 bc) 50 and 58

65 De Robertis, Lavoro e lavoratori, Chapter 2

66 Of the Igei monument there is a little photograph in O. Brogan, Roman Gaul (1953), fig. 39a; some of its detailed relief panels are included among other �business’ pictures in Rostovtzeff, SEHRE, Pls. XXIV and XXXIX. For paintings from the House of the Vettii see Rostovtzeff, pls. xiv-xv

67 See Meiggs, Roman Ostia, 189? and 230-1

68 By A. H. M. Jones in M. I. Finley, ed., Slavery in Classical Antiquity, 6 (he is talking about Athens here, but the point is a general one)

69 For what there is, see Rostovtzeff, SEHRE, 621, note 45. We shall return to the point in the last chapter. On the Egyptian strikes see Rostovtzeff, 677, note 52

70 M. I. Finley in Economic History Review, 1965, 39

71 It is the view of de Robertis; see also J. A. C. Thomas in BIDR, 1961,

23 iff. The main disagreement is that of Kaufmann in Die altròmische Miete,

72 So, properly, by Thomas in the article quoted above, at pp.

73 Buckland, Textbook, 504

74 Sec Econ. Survey II, 286ff, and Adams, Paramone, section IV

75 Which seems to be implied by Schulz, CRL, 542

76 Cicero, de officiis 1,150 (pace de Robcrtis)

77 Varro, Res Rusticae, 1,17,2-3. See Heitland, Agricola, 180-2

78 Cicero, ad Att. XIV, 3, 1; cf. Suetonius, divus Vespasianus, 1,4

79 Heitland, Agricola, 256; but cf. the inscription from Mactar, ILS, 7457

80 SeeL'annee epigraphique, 1916, no. 60

81 D. 4. 9. 7 pr.; 47. 5. 1. 5

82 Pliny, Ep. X, 74,1

83 Petronius, Satyricon, 117, n—12

84 Juvenal, Satires HI, 31 if

85 Pauli Sententiae II, 18, 1.1 do not think this means formal legal change of status, but merely social status or even just general conditions of life

86 D. 7. 8. 4 pr.; 43. 16. 1. 18

87 D. 9. 2. 37 pr.

88 D. 47. 2. 90; 48. 19. 11. 1

89 Kaufmann, Die altromische Miete, especially 203

90 Buckland and McNair, 300

91 D. 38.1. 3.1

92 D. 19. 2, frags. 38 pr. and 19. 9

93 D. 38.1. 50.1

94 See de Robertis, Lavoro e lavoratori, 205, and H. C. Youtie on the �Heidel­berg Festival Papyrus’ (P. Heid. Inv., 1818), in P. R. Coleman-Norton, ed., Studies in Roman Economic and Social History in Honor of Allan Chester Johnson (1951), I78ff

95 Fontes HI, no. 150a

96 P. Cornell, 9, translated by A. C. Johnson in Econ. Survey II, 300. On the �artistes’ contracts* in general see Adams, Paramone, section V

97 D. 9. 2. 7 pr.; 9.1. 3; 9. 3.1 pr., respectively

98 D. 9. 2. 13 pr.

99 Thus Schulz, CRL, 591-2 and 599; Lawson, Negligence in the Civil Law, 22 and 92 (note); Kaser, Das romische Privatrecht, I, 520, note 19; Nicholas, Introduction, 222

100 Lawson, op. cit., 45

101 They were discussed by Westermann in Classical Philology, 1914, 295ff, but for the most recent list, with important conclusions, see Adams, Paramone, section III

102 D. 9. 2. 5. 3 (see above, p. 179); cf. 19. 2. 13. 3. On apprenticeship as an aspect of slave education see C.

103 For examinations see the papyrus BGUTV, 1125, in Westermann’s article quoted above

104 P. Oxy. no. 724

105 By Westermann in the article quoted above, also Adams, Paramone, 144

w

106 P. Fouad 37, ed. J. Scherer, in J. Bataille et al., eds., Papyrus Fouad I, (Cairo, 1939). An even newer example, dated ad 253, is P. Oxy. 2586; in this, wages begin after the first six months, and the father gets a loan

107 Cicero, pro Fonteio 17-18

108 Lex coloniae Genetivae luliae, Fontes I, no. 21,§ 98. Cf Pliny,Ep. X, 41,2 and

Sherwin-White, Pliny, 623

109 See, for example, ILS, 5729 and 6887-9; D. 50.4.12

110 Cf., however, Tacitus, Agricola, 31,2

in See P. J. Sijpesteijn, Penthemeros-Certificates in Greco-Roman Egypt, Papy- rologica Lugduno-Batava, vol. XII (1964)

112 Columella, Res Rustica I, 7,1. See Heitland, Agricola, 253-4, who reluctantly refuses to be seduced by this view, though admitting its attractiveness.

113 Here are just a few items: de Robertis, Rapporti di lavoro, 183fr; K. H. Below, Der Arzt im römischen Recht, 2ter Abschnitt (1953; reviewed by D. Daube in JRS, 1955,179-80); A. Watson, Contract of Mandate in Roman Law (1961), 99fr; J. A. C. Thomas inBIDR, 1961, 240#

114 D. 50.13.1. 4-5

115 D. 11. 6. 1 pr. and 1

116 See Chapter III, p. 90

117 D. 50.13.1. For suspicions ofâ€?Ulpianus, de omnibus tribunalibus libri decem⁹ see Schulz, Roman Legal Science, 256

118 Watson, Contract of Mandate, 10I

119 D. 19. 2.19.10

120 See Econ. Survey II, 286fr, and Adams, Paramone, section IV, especially 155-6 and 165. In Egypt there was no jurisdiction except the cognitio of the prefect or his delegate

121 D. 38. i. 25.2; cf. 9. 2. 7. 8

122 D. 17.1. 7

123 As suggested by Thomas in the article quoted in note 113 above