CONTENTS

Preface to the Sixth Edition vii

Acknowledgements vii

Preface to the First Edition viii

Dates x

Abbreviations xii

Getting the most out of Borkowski's Textbook on Roman Law xiv

1 Introduction: Rome—A Historical Sketch 1

1.1 Monarchy 1 1.3 Empire 13

1.2 Republic 3 Further reading 24

PART I The Roman Legal System

2 The Sources of Roman law 27

2.1 Sources of law in the archaic 2.4 The post-classical era 50

period 27 2.5 Justinian's codification 54

2.2 Sources of law in the Republic 29 Further reading 62

2.3 Sources of law in the Empire 39

3 Roman Litigation 63

3.1 The perils of litigation 63 3.4 The cognitio procedure 79

3.2 Early procedure: the legis actiones 66 Further reading 83

3.3 The formulary system 72

PART ll The Law of Persons

4 Status, Slavery, and Citizenship 87

4.1 Legal personality 87 4.4 Citizens and non-citizens 101

4.2 Status 89 Further reading 111

4.3 Freedom and the law of slavery 89

5 The Roman Family 113

5.1 The paterfamilias and his 5.3 Adoption 135

household 113 54 Guardianship 139

5.2 Marriage and divorce 120 Further reading ISO

PART ill The Law of Property and Inheritance

6 Interests in Property 153

6.1 The classification of property 153 6.4 Contractual proprietary interests 172

6.2 Ownership 157 6.5 Possession 174

6.3 Servitudes 161 Further reading 180

VI Contents

7 Acquiring Ownership 181

7.1 Derivative modes of acquiring 7.3 Gifts 206

ownership 182 Further reading 208

7.2 Original modes of acquiring

ownership 187

8 Inheritance 209

8.1 Introduction 209 8.6 Legacies 231

8.2 Better to make a will? 209 8.7 Testamentary freedom 236

8.3 Intestacy 211 8.8 Failure 241

8.4 Making a will 217 8.9 Codicils and trusts 244

8.5 Heirs 227 Further reading 249

PART IV The Law of Obligations

9 Obligations: Common Principles and Obligations Arising

from Contracts 253

9.1 Obligations in general 253 9.6 Contracts/itten's 308

9.2 Common features of Roman 9.7 Innominate contracts 310

contracts 257 ₉.₈ Pacts 313

9.3 Consensual contracts 264 9.9 Quasi-contract 315

9.4 Verbal contracts 294 Further reading 320

9.5 Contracts re 300

10 Obligations Arising from Delict 321

10.1 Introduction 321 10.6 Liability for damage caused by

10.2 Wrongful damage to property 323 animals 351

10.3 Theft and robbery 333 10.7 Quasi-delict 353

10.4 Insulting behaviour 342 Further reading 356

10.5 Praetorian delicts 347

PART v Roman Law and the Modern World

11 Roman Law and the European lus Commune 359

11.1 The legacy of Justinian's codification 11.3 Roman law in England 388

in the'Dark Ages' 360 Further reading 393

11.2 The second life of Roman law 364

Bibliography 395

Index of Texts 405

Index 411