The administrative organisation of Italy

Augustus divided Italy into eleven administrative districts (regiones Italiae) for the purpose of facilitating the management of state lands (ager publicus) and the conduct of the census (the registration of the citizens and their property).

This arrangement remained in place until 120 AD, when Emperor Hadrian divided Italy into four districts headed by jurisdictional magistrates of consular rank (consulares iuridici). The latter were appointed by the emperor and exercised both administrative and judicial functions. Moreover, from the early second century AD permanent commissioners began to be appointed by the emperor to supervise the financial administration of towns and communities in Italy. These officials (curatores rei publicae civitatis) had jurisdiction over matters relating to the management of municipal finances and supervised transactions concerning municipal property. Other administrative tasks were assigned to minor imperial officials, such as the curatores viarum, responsible for the maintenance of public roads, the praefecti alimentorum, charged with the distribution of provisions among the poor, and procuratores, concerned with the management of taxes and other revenues. In 211 AD all four districts into which Italy had been divided were placed under the supervision of an imperial magistrate bearing the title of corrector. From the time of Aurelian (270-275 AD) the corrector of Italy became a permanent official now referred to as corrector utriusque Italiae. As was noted before, criminal jurisdiction throughout Italy was exercised by the praefectus praetorio, with the exception of Rome and the surrounding area which came under the jurisdiction of the praefectus urbi.

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17. The Constitutional Framework
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