Sources of Roman law

The editio maior of the Digest was edited by Theodor Mommsen, Digesta Iustiniani Augusti, 2 vols. (Berlin: Weidmann, 1868-70), and that of the Code of Justinian by Paul Krüger, Codex lustinianus (Berlin: Weidmann, 1877).

Valuable recent translations into English of the Institutes of Justinian are: J. A. C. Thomas, The Institutes of Justinian: Text, Translation, and Commentary (Amsterdam, New York, and Oxford: North Holland Publishers, 1975); and Peter Birks and Grant McLeod, Justinian's Institutes (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1987).

Alan Watson is the editor of an English translation of the Digest: The Digest of Justinian, 4 vols. (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1985), including the Latin text of Mommsen’s editio maior. Later, only the English translation was published in two volumes: The Digest of Justinian. English Translation edited by Alan Watson (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1998). Bruce W Frier is the editor of a new annotated translation of Justinian’s Code: The Codex of Justinian, 3 vols. (Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 2016).

A Spanish translation of the Corpus Iuris Civilis was edited in 1889 by Ildelfonso Garcia Corral: Cuerpo de Derecho civil, 6 vols. (Madrid: Lex Nova, reprint 1989). A translation of the Digest into Spanish was edited and coordinated by Alvaro d’Ors, El Digesto de Justiniano, 3 vols.

General bibliography 219 working on a German translation of the Corpus Iuris Civilis. Until now, five volumes have been published under the general title: Corpus Iuris Civilis. Text und Übersetzung (Heidelberg: C. F Müller, 1990-2012).

The commonly used edition of the Theodosian Code is that edited by Theodor Mommsen and Paul Meyer, based in part on the work of Paul Krüger: Codex Theodosianus. Theodosiani libri XVI: cum Constitutionibus Sirmondianis et Leges novellae ad Theodosianum pertinentes, 2 vols., 3rd ed. (Berlin: Weidman, 1962). An English translation was edited by Clyde Pharr, The Theodosian Code and Novels and the Sirmondian Constitutions (Prince­ton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1952).

Good editions of Gaius’s Institutes include: Gai Institutiones, edited by Emil Seckel and Bernhard Kübler (Leipzig: Teubner, 1935); Gai Institutiones. Editio minor, edited by Martin David (Leiden: Brill, 1948); and the still unfinished editio maior, Gai Institutiones, edited by Martin David, Hein L. Nelson (books I and II, 1954-68), and Hein L. Nelson and Ulrich Manthe (book III, 1992-2007). Book IV has been not yet published.

Available translations into English are: The Institutes of Gaius, 2 vols., edited by Francis de Zulueta (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1946-53) with an excellent commentary; and The Institutes of Gaius, edited by William M. Gordon and Olivia Robinson (London: Duckworth, 1988). The Institutes of Gaius have been translated into many languages.

Pre-Justinian sources (Roman statues, works of classical jurists, and legal documents) were collected by Carl Georg Bruns in Fontes Iuris Romani Antiqui (Tubingen: I.

Other documents of legal practice, such as the new Pompeian tablets, have been published after the Italian collection of FIRA; see Giuseppe Camodeca, Tabulae Pompeianae Sulpiciorum (TPSulp.): Edizione critica dell'Archivio Puteolano dei Sulpicii (Rome: Quasar, 1999); and Joseph Georg Wolf, Neue Rechtsurkunden aus Pompeji. Tabulae Pompeianae Novae (Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, 2010). A revised version of FIRA is in pro­gress: Revisione ed integrazines dei Fontes Iuris Romani Anteiustiniani. Studi preparatory. I. Leges, edited by Gianfranco Purpura (Turin: Giappichelli Editore, 2012); and Studi preparatori vol II. Auctores. Negotia edited by Gianfranco Purpura (Turin: Giappichelli Editore, 2013).

Very helpful is the collection of Roman statutes and documents translated from Greek or Latin into English by Allan Chester Johnson, Paul Robinson Coleman-Norton, and Frank Card Bourne, Ancient Roman Statutes (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1961). Excellent is the collection edited by Michael H. Crawford, which includes the texts of epigraphically attested and other known Roman statutes, with introduction, bibliography, critical material, trans­lation, and commentary: Roman Statutes, 2 vols. (London: Institute of Classical Studies, University of London, 1996). A Spanish translation of Roman legal sources was edited by Rafael Domingo, et al., Textos de Derecho Romano, 2nd ed. (Cizur Menos: Thomson Aranzadi, 2002). Always useful is the collec­tion of Roman documents gathered by Paul Frederic Girard and Felix Senn, Textes de droit romain, vol.

The most accurate, but still insufficient, reconstruction of the praetor’s edict was made by Otto Lenel, Das Edictum Perpetuum. Ein Versuch zu seiner Wiederherstellung, 3rd ed. (Aalen: Scientia, 1927, reprint 1956). The recon­struction of the edict was based on the reconstructions of the works of the Roman jurists from the fragments contained in Justinian’s Digest: Otto Lenel, Palingenesia Iuris Civilis, 2 vols., 2nd ed. (Graz: Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt, 1960). These two works of Lenel continued to be a basic point of departure for any research in classical Roman law. Nonetheless, they demand a full revision. For a new reconstruction of the first two edictal titles, see Rafael Domingo, Estudios sobre el primer titulo del edicto del pretor, 3 vols. (Santiago de Compostela: Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 1989, 1993, 1995).

Literary and legal sources are available online at www.thelatinlibrary.com. General information about all things concerning Roman law can be found on the website edited by Ernest Metzger: www.iuscivile.com.

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