Inde

actio depensi 63, 126 actio praescriptis verbis 30—1, 99, 100,

113, 137 actio sepulchri violati 173 actio servi corrupti 174—6 actio Serviana 153

actio quasi-Serviana 153 actiones in factum 213—15 actiones utiles 214—15 adpromissor 62—3 adstipulator 193 aediles’ edict 89, 90 animus iniuriandi 235—7 Aquilius Gallus 41 arra 44—9

emptio-venditio 48—9, 69 assumpsit 33

Aulus Gellius 170, 173, 186, 230, 240-1 Austin, John 23, 258

barter 67, 133 bonus paterfamilias commodatum 140 emptio-venditio 79 societas 117

casus 203-4 causation

damnum iniuria datum 198—202,

210-11

cautio 55—6

cautio damni infecti 62

cautio ex operis novi nuntiatione 62 caveat emptor 84 Cicero 40—1, 55, 88 cognitor ad litem 127 commodatum 32, 135—42

actio commodati contraria 142 actio commodati directa 137—42 depositum, distinguished from 137 etymology 135

hire, distinguished from 137 obligations of borrower, see actio commodati directa

obligations of lender, see actio commodati contraria

Stair 21

strict liability compared with fault liability 140

condictio 18, 39—40, 53, 61, 78, 254—7, 260, 261—2

condictio causa data causa non

secuta 254—5

condictio ex lege 256

condictio furtiva 181—2, 256, 262

condictio indebiti 17—18, 255

condictio ob turpem 255, 262

condictio sine causa 255—6

debt 254

consensu, contracts, see contracts consensu consideration 32

Constitutio Antoniniana 43

contract

agreement 65

classification 31—2

English law, comparison with 32—3 formal and informal contracts 33—6 law of contract and law of

contracts 29—31, 33, 57—8 promise 26—8 reliance 26—8

specific contracts 29—30

stricti iuris and good faith contracts 57—8, 65 contracts consensu 31—2, 65—128 contracts litteris 31—2, 37—51 contracts re 31—2, 34, 129—55 meaning of re 129—30 contracts verbis 31—2 contractus, see contract contrectatio rei 165—74 contumelia 224—6, 231—4 convicium 226—7, 238, 239 corruption of a slave 174—6 covenant 58 culpa 202-10, 212-13 culpa levissima 204 custodia 79, 104, 137—42 damnum

meaning 192, 195—6, 210 damnum iniuria datum 192—220

casus 203—4 causation 198—202, 210—11 children (infantes), liability of 205 culpa 202—10, 212—13

culpa levissima 204 damages 215—20 dolus 202—4, 208, 209 imperitia 205—6 iniuria 202—9, 212—13 madmen (furiosi), liability of 205 negligence 209—10 self-defence 206—7 see also lex Aquilia de adtemptata pudicitia 227—8, 238, 239 de incendio, edict 191 de turba, edict 190—1 defamation, see iniuria delict, see delictum delictum 19 demonstratio 67 deposit (earnest), see arra deposit, contract of, see depositum depositum 32, 142—6

actio depositi contraria 146 actio depositi directa 145 etymology 142 mutuum, distinguished from 144 obligations of depositee, see actio depositi directa

obligations of depositor, see actio depositi contraria

Stair 21 dissimulatio 243 dolus 202-4, 208, 209 dotis dictio 52

emphyteusis 102 emptio-venditio 31, 66—96 actio ex empto 78—90 actio ex vendito 90—1 aediles’ edict 89, 90 agreement 75—8 arra 48—9 buyer’s obligations, see actio ex vendito conditional sale 76

conveyance 74—5 delivery 91 emptio generis 71 emptio rei alienae 73—4 emptio rei extinctae 72—3 emptio rei extra commercium 73 emptio rei speratae 72 emptio spei 72 formula 66

locatio-conductio, distinguished from 75

misrepresentation and non—disclosure 82—90 mistake 76—8 passing of property 95—6 price 67—71

laesio enormis 70—1 payment 90—1 redhibition, action for 89, 90 reduction of price, action for 89, 90 risk (periculum) 92—5

res perit domino 94 seller’s obligations, see actio ex empto Stair, in 21 thing (res) sold 71—4 exceptio doli 41, 58 exceptio metus 58 expensilatio 39—41

fiducia 154—5 formality 34—6, 37—8 outside of contracts litteris 42—4 stipulatio 53—7

furiosi 205 furtum 158—87, 256

act of stealing 165—74

condictio 181—2

consent 174—7

contrectatio rei, see act of stealing corruption of a slave 174—6 defined 159-60, 165 etymology 158 helping 177-80

intention 161-5, 166-7, 168, 170, 179-80

lex Aebutia 183

manifest and non-manifest 182-7 actio furti nec manifesti 158-9

ope consilio, see helping

penalties 182-7

rei vindicatio 181, 182

Gaius’s Institutes 6-15

actions io-11

classification of obligations 17-19 contracts 31-2

gladiators

hire or sale i0i-2

good faith 57-8, 65

hire, see locatio-conductio

illegality

stipulatio 60

imperitia 205-6

implied terms 28-9, 57-8, 65 impossibility

stipulatio 59

infantes 205

iniuria (word) i92, 222, 24i

trespass 222

iniuria (contempt) 63, 221-46

actio iniuriarum 222-6

animus iniuriandi 235-7

atrox 225

contra bonos mores 226-7, 228, 238 contumelia 224-6, 23i-4 convicium 226-7, 238, 239 damages 224-6

loss and solace 224-5

de adtemptata pudicitia 227-8, 238, 239 defamation, see infamandi causa fiat dissimulatio 243 early history 237-43 edictum generale de iniuriis, see general edict

general edict 229-30 infamandi causa fiat 228-9, 234, 238, 239

infamia 228 limitation 243 ne quid, see infamandi causa fiat lex Cornelia de iniuriis 244 institutional scheme 5-16 interdictum Salvianum i53 iudex qui litem suam fecit 257, 262, 263 iusiurandum liberti 52-3

Justinian' Institutes classification of obligations i5-i6 contracts 3i-2

laesio enormis 70-i

Leo (Constitution of) 55-6, 63

lex Aebutia i83

lex Appuleia 64

lex Aquilia i92-2i0, 222

chapter I i93-4, i95, i96, i97, 2i5, 2i6-i7

chapter II i93 chapter III i93-4, i95, i96-7, i97-8, 2i5, 2i6-i8

dating i93 praetorian extensions 2i0-i5 see also damnum iniuria datum

lex Cicereia 64

lex Cornelia de iniuriis 244

lex Furia 64

lex Hortensia 287

lex Publilia 63, i26

litem suam facere, see iudex qui litem suam fecit

litteris, contracts, see contracts litteris loan for consumption, see mutuum loan for use, see commodatum locatio-conductio 3i, 97-ii0

actio conducti i05-8 actio locati i03-5 commodatum, compared with 99 conductor's obligations, see actio locati depositum, compared with 99 locatio-conductio (cont.) emphyteusis 102 job to be done, hire of, see locatio operis faciendi locatio operarum 98 locatio operis faciendi 98 locatio rei 98 locator’s obligations, see actio conducti mandatum, compared with 99 reward (merces) 99—100 payment 108—9 reduction 108

services, hire of, see locatio operarum Stair 21

thing, hire of a, see locatio rei loss wrongfully caused, see damnum iniuria datum

maleficium 19 mandate, see mandatum mandatum 31, 63, 118—28, 260

actio mandati contraria 119, 125—6 actio mandati directa 119, 123—5 agent’s obligations, see actio mandati directa

depositum, distinguished from 120—1 double mandate 127—8 etymology 119 friendship 120 litigation 127—8

locatio-conductio, distinguished from 120 mandator’s obligations, see actio mandati contraria

Stair 21

suretyship 126—7 mistaken payment 17—18, 23, 248, 254 morality

law, distinguished from 3 mutuum 18, 32, 131—5

barter, distinguished from 133 commodatum, distinguished from 132—3

etymology 132

Stair 21

natura contractus 28—9

ne quid infamandi causa fiat 228—9, 234, 238, 239 negligence 209—10 negotiorum gestio 120, 127, 142,

260, 261

nemo dat quod non habet 74

obligation

civil and praetorian obligations 19 classification 16—23, 248—50, 263 definition 2—5

English law compared 7, 14—15 ex variis causarum figuris 248—63 obediential and conventional obligations 21

primary and secondary obligations 23, 261

private law, within 5—16 vinculum iuris 3—5, 13—14 ownership 12

partnership, see societas pignus 32, 146—54

actio pignoraticia contraria 151 actio pignoraticia directa 150—1 pledgee and thing pledged, relationship between 151— 4

pledgee’s obligations, see actio pignoraticia directa

pledgor and pledgee, relationship between 149—51

pledgor’s obligations, see actio pignoraticia contraria pledge, see pignus praetor’s edict 16 privity

stipulatio 60—1 procurator ad litem 127 promise 32, 53

quasi-categories 19—20, 248—63 quasi-contracts, see quasi ex contractu, obligations

quasi-delicts, see quasi ex delicto, obligations

quasi ex contractu, obligations 249—50, 250-2, 253-7, 260

contract, distinguished from 260—1

Stair 22

unjust enrichment 258—9

quasi ex delicto, obligations 249—50, 252-3, 257

delict, distinguished from 262—3 Stair 22

querela non numeratae pecuniae 42

rapina 188—91

re, contracts, see contracts re

res, see thing

Res cottidianae 18

res perit domino 94

right

action 15—16

in rem and in personam 8—15 robbery, see rapina

sale, see emptio-venditio

security 62—4 self-defence 206—7 societas 31, 110—18

actio pro socio 113—18 legal personality 113—14 societas leonina ill

sponsio 53

Stair, Viscount

classification of obligations 20—3 stipulatio 30—1, 32, 53—64

adstipulator i93

English law 58

veluti 54

writing 49—5i stipulation, see stipulatio suretyship, see security

taxatio ii8

theft, see furtum

thing

corporeal and incorporeal 7—i0 trust, see fiducia tutela 260

Twelve Tables 53, 8i, 96, 158, 171, 182, 185, 186, 187, 193, 203, 206, 237, 240—2

unjust enrichment 258—9 utrubi (interdict) 152

verbis, contracts, see contracts verbis vinculum iuris 3—5, i3—i4 vis maior 79, 139—40

writing, see formalities