Contents

Preface                                                                                               ix

Abbreviations                                                                                      xiii

1         Introduction                                                                                 1

Divisions of Roman Legal and Constitutional History                       1

Sources of Roman Legal History                                                      6

Fundamental Concepts and Distinctions                                          16

2         Monarchy and Early Republic                                                   37

Introduction                                                                                   37

Early Roman Society                                                                     40

Economic Conditions                                                                     50

Political Organisation of the Regal Period                                       52

Social Developments during the Early Republic:

the Conflict of the Orders                                                               61

The Roman Expansion in Italy                                                        66

3         The Constitution of the Roman Republic                                    69

Introductory                                                                                   69

The Senate                                                                                    70

The Magistrature                                                                           76

The Popular Assemblies                                                               102

4         The Archaic Period of Roman Law                                          115

Introductory                                                                                 115

The Beginnings of Legislation                                                      116

The Interpretation                                                                         125

The Administration of Justice: Civil Procedure                               127

The Criminal Law                                                                        139

5size=1 face="Times New Roman">         The Later Republic                                                                   151

The Roman Expansion in the Mediterranean World                        151

The Organisation of Italy and the Provinces                                   154

Social and Economic Conditions                                                   160

The Breakdown of the Republic                                                    169

6         The Pre-CIassical Period of Roman Law                                  181

Introductory                                                                                 181

Legislation                                                                                   181

The Edicts of the Magistrates                                                        185

Legal Science                                                                               188

Custom                                                                                        194

The Administration of Justice: Civil Procedure                              194

Criminal Law and Procedure                                                         222

7         The Principate                                                                          237

The Coming of the Empire                                                            237

The Imperial Government                                                             242

The Republican Elements of the    Constitution                              250

The Administration of Italy and    the Provinces                             257

Social and Economic Conditions                                                   267

The Crisis of the Third Century                                                     276

8         The Classical Period of Roman Law                                         279

Introductory                                                                                 279

Sources of Law                                                                            280

Classical Legal Science                                                                289

The Administration of Justice: Civil Procedure                              306

Criminal Law and Procedure                                                         309

9         style='font-weight:bold'>The Dominate                                                                           321

The Reorganisation of the Imperial System                                    321

Government and Civil Administration during the Later Empire 330

The Administration of the Provinces                                              336

Social and Economic Conditions                                                   338

The Demise of the Western Empire                                               345

The Survival of the Empire in the East                                           346

Contents vii

10     The Post-Classical Period of Roman Law                                 349

Introductory                                                                                 349

Imperial Legislation                                                                     350

Custom                                                                                        355

The Jurists' Law                                                                           357

The Administration of Justice                                                       365

Civil Procedure                                                                            367

Criminal Law and Procedure                                                        376

The Germanic Codes of Roman Law                                            378

The Codification of Justinian                                                        381

11     The History of Roman Law after Justinian                               397

The Legislation of Justinian in the East: Byzantine Law                  397

The Later History of Roman Law in the   West                              410

Concluding Note                                                                          445

Select Bibliography                                                                            447

Index                                                                                                 453

This page intentionally left blank