The late classical jurisprudence
The last period of classical jurisprudence coincided with the reign of the Severan dynasty, which ruled the Roman Empire between 193 and 235 ce. During this period, jurists were completely involved in imperial administration.
Septimius Severus created new posts for jurists in the administration of justice. Additionally, the promulgation of the Antonine Constitution of 212 multiplied legal advice and casuistry in the provinces. The great jurists of this period belonged not to the senatorial order, like the jurists of the first century ce, but to the equestrian order, and they often occupied high equestrian positions (as praetorian prefect, a sort of minister of justice). Many jurists had provincial origins and developed their activity in the eastern part of the empire.Among the jurists of this period worthy of mention are Claudius Tryphoninus, Callistratus, Tertullianus, Aelius Marcianus, and especially Papinian, Paul, Ulpian, and Modestinus.
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