4.2 The call to Tübingen
In March 1941, Paul Koschaker received the timely call to Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen.[389] Feeling overwhelmed by the events of Berlin, particularly the whole affair regarding the Seminar für Rechtsgeschichte des Alten Orients, he decided to accept the move to the small city of Tübingen in Southern Germany.[390] His bitterness clearly emerges from a letter that he sent to the dean of the Faculty of Law in Berlin, Weigmann, on 20th September 1941 in which he asked to draw a “veil of oblivion” over the short period that he had belonged to the Faculty.[391]
Koschaker initially welcomed the possibility of leaving Berlin and going to the smaller, but prestigious, University of Tübingen.
However, the reactions of some members of the Faculty of Law at Tübingen were ambivalent about Koschaker’s appointment. The post offered Koschaker had formerly been occupied by Kreller, a legal historian complicit in the Nazi regime. Since 1934 Kreller had been the main editor of the Gesamtredaktion of the Zeitschrift der Savigny-Stiftung, after the journal had undergone the so-called arianisation, Arisierung, and had been dean of the Faculty of Law at Tübingen since 1936.[392] When Kreller accepted a move to Vienna to take up the chair that had been Wenger’s, the new dean of the Faculty of Law at Tübingen Hero Moeller suggested to Hermann Hoffmann,[393] the Rektor of the University, that Koschaker might replace Kreller. Moeller wrote a letter to Hoffmann, expressing the urgent need to find a new professor to hold the Chair for Civil and Roman law (Bürgerliches und Römisches Recht).[394] Moeller and the Faculty board were in joint agreement Paul Koschaker and felt quite confident that he would accept the call. As Moeller wrote in the letter, the situation compelled the faculty to make a quick decision about Kreller’s successor in a very short time (why speed was so essential we do not know from this letter).[395] Franz Wieacker and Wilhelm Felgenträger were two other potential candidates, but the Ministry of Education informed the Faculty of Law at Tübingen that it was not possible to obtain their services (they were actually not “erreichbar für Tübingen”).[396] Nonetheless, the dean seemed to be enthusiastic about the possibility of having Koschaker in Tübingen, as we can read in the text of his letter:Als Nachfolger [of Kreller] schlage ich im Einvernehmen mit dem Fakultätsausschuss Herrn o.
Professor Dr. Paul Koschaker, Berlin, vor und bitte, angesichts der Bedeutung der Persönlichkeit und angesichts des Umstands, dass wir glauben mit der Annahme des Rufes durch Herrn Professor Koschaker rechnen zu können, auf Nennung weiterer Namen verzichten zu dürfen [...]Moeller then depicted Koschaker as one of the most important German scholars in the field of Roman law and the most representative “spokesman” of this subject, who was admired well beyond the German borders and, in particular, in Italy. Koschaker had actually rekindled the debate on Roman law and its role with the publication of Die Krise des römischen Rechts und die romanistische Rechtswissenschaft in 1938. In Moeller’s words, he was:
der anerkannt erste Vertreter des Römischen Rechts auf deutschen Lehrkanzeln, dessen Bedeutung in Deutschland und weit über Deutschlands Grenzen hinaus, besonders auch in Italien, uneingeschränkt gewürdigt wird.
The only problem that could emerge in connection with the call of Koschaker regarded his age: he would be 62 years old in a month and a half, and he could be considered too old to take the chair in Tübingen. Even though the faculty board took into consideration this aspect, it seemed possible to make an exception in this case, according to Moeller, given the tough personality of Koschaker and his scientific and personal qualities:
Zu seinem 60. Geburtstag wurde ihm eine romanistische Festschrift in 3 Bänden, an der sich fast alle führenden Romanisten der ganzen Welt beteiligt haben, und eine orientalistische Festschrift überreicht. Koschaker ist, wie hieraus bereits hinreichend folgt, ein Gelehrter von überragender wissenschaftlicher Leistung. Er ist gleichzeitig ein Dozent von starker, nachhaltiger Wirkung auf seine Hörer. Koschaker ist eine Persönlichkeit von umfassender, eindrucksvoller Geistigkeit, dessen gelehrte Wirksamkeit auf eine Reihe anderer Wissenschaftsgebiete fruchtbare Ausstrahlungen ergeben hat und von dem für jede Universität, in deren Rahmen er tätig ist, die wertvollsten, lebendigsten Anregungen erwartet werden dürfen.
[...] Die Fakultät hat sorgfältig erwogen, ob es richtig sein kann, eine Persönlichkeit so verhältnismäßig vorgeschrittenen Lebensalters in Vorschlag zu bringen. Wir haben uns indessen davon überzeugt, dass es berechtigt ist, in diesem Falle eine Ausnahme eintreten zu lassen. Herr Koschaker ist ein Mann von grosser persönlicher Frische und eindrucksvollster Lebendigkeit, der sich in der Vollkraft seines Schaffens befindet.There were no other potential candidates for the place in Tübingen, apart from the already mentioned exceptions of Wieacker and Felgenträger, that could be considered comparable to Koschaker in Moeller’s eyes (“Alle andern etwa für Tübingen Persönlichkeiten können in keiner Weise mit Koschaker im Vergleich gezogen werden”). His description must have sounded very persuasive to Rektor Hoffmann, to such an extent that he wrote a letter to the State Minister of Education (Kuhminisier) of Württemberg on the same day; a copy of this letter is held in the archive of the University of Tübingen to this day.[397] In this text Hoffmann explained to the minister the necessity for the faculty to proceed quickly concerning Koschaker’s appointment, because two other chairs at the Faculty of Law at Tübingen were still vacant in the meantime. All the reasons adduced by the dean and the Faculty board to call Koschaker to Tübingen seemed to Hoffmann so convincing, he wrote in the text, that he highly recommended its acceptance:
Die Gründe, die den Dekan und den Fakultätsrat bestimmt haben, ihren Vorschlag auf Professor Koschaker zu konzentrieren, sind auch für mich so überzeugend, daß ich den angeschlos- | senen Antrag mit nachdrücklicher Befürwortung weiterzuleiten in der Lage bin. Nach mündlicher Auskunft des Dozentenführers hat auch er keine grundsätzlichen Bedenken gegen diesen Vorschlag. Persönliche Gründe bei Professor Koschaker [...] machen es wünschenswert, möglichst bald den Antrag an den Herrn Reichswissenschaftsminister gelangen zu lassen und über ihn eine Entscheidung zu treffen.
Apparently, the same Dozentenführer, Robert Wetzel, did not oppose the consensus over Koschaker.[398] Yet only one day after Hoffmann had sent his letter to the State Minister of Education, he received a missive from the same Wetzel expressing the following doubts about Koschaker’s appointment:[399]
Die Berufung Koschaker[s], die von der Fakultät so lebhaft verfochten wird, kann von mir aus weder mit Begeisterung begrüßt, noch auch - wenn es zur Zeit keinen besseren Weg gibt - grundsätzlich abgelehnt werden. Wenn tatsächlich der beste Kandidat, Professor Dr. Franz Wieacker, für Tübingen nicht erreichbar sein sollte, und wenn jüngere Kräfte auch sonst nicht zur Verfügung stehen, so muß man sich im Interesse einer fachlich guten Weiterbesetzung des Lehrstuhls mit Koschaker einverstanden erklären.
It would appear, therefore, that Wetzel had been somewhat forced by the situation in general to accept Koschaker’s appointment, even though he was not convinced - or rather, he was not “enthusiastic” - and would have preferred Franz Wieacker, who had unanimously been considered the best option to take the chair that had been Kreller’s by the other members of the Faculty. Wetzel did not desist from the attempt to make Hoffmann change his mind and he explained that it would have been better to appoint younger professors rather than Koschaker. The reason was essentially economic, for Koschaker’s salary would have been a burden for Tübingen. This is why he had in mind two other names that were good alternatives to Koschaker, namely Coing and Erbe.[400] Wetzel seemed to be surprised that he did not hear any other information about them or the possibility of appointing either of them to Tübingen and he wondered why this was the case: “An solchen jüngeren Kräften wird mir noch Coing und Erbe genannt: was ist mit ihnen?”[401]
From another letter sent by Moeller to Hoffmann just two days after the letter sent by Wetzel, we can infer that the Rektor actually considered the two names suggested by Wetzel, i.e.
Coing and Erbe.[402] Moeller’s letter was a reply to Hoffmann’s inquiry of the same day to gain more information about the two younger scholars. Both Coing and Erbe had been appointed respectively associate professor (außerordentlicher Professor) in Frankfurt a.M., and university lecturer (Dozent) in Berlin (although Erbe had been already called for the professorship in Jena).[403] After the description of their two careers, Moeller concluded as follows:Beide Herren stehen am Anfang ihrer Laufbahn und können deswegen nicht mit Herrn Prof. Koschaker in Vergleich gezogen werden. Wir haben uns in unserem Ausschüsse mit beiden Herren sorgfältig befasst, jedoch konnten wir sie nach Lage der Sache bisher nicht in nähere Erwägung ziehen.
The path to accepting Koschaker at Tübingen was at last open. Final explanations were made by the dean to the Rektor and on September 23, 1941, the administrative decree of the Ministry of Education was issued and at 62, Koschaker was appointed professor at the University of Tübingen.[404] Koschaker had already agreed with the faculty that he would be willing to teach Roman law, Civil law and Agricultural law (Bawernrecht).[405]
More on the topic 4.2 The call to Tübingen:
- 4.3 Negotiations and his arrival in Tübingen
- 4.5 Koschaker’s pupils in Tübingen: Below, Wesenberg and Pescatore
- 4.6 The last years in Tübingen and the Emeritierung
- 4.4 The time in Tübingen: research and teaching
- 1941-1951: the years in T übingen and after WWII
- 2.2 The call to Leipzig
- Franziska Müllei'
- Franziska Müller and Mena Sondermann
- The new co-editor of the Savigny-Zeitschrift and member of the Akademie für Deutsches Recht
- 4.1 Introduction
- 4.7 Koschaker as visiting professor in Germany and abroad