ENGLISH-LATIN GLOSSAR

Abandon a child. Exponere filium

Abandonment. Derelictio

Abduction of a woman. Raptus

Abettor. See Accomplice

Abolish a statute. Tollere legem

Abortion. Partus abactus

Absence in a trial.

Absent without leave. Emansor

Abuse of rights. Aemulatio

Accept a stipulatory promise. Stipulari

Acceptance of an inheritance. Aditio hereditatis Access to a grave. Iter ad sepulcrum

Accident. Casus

Accomplice. Socius, conscius, particeps, minister, see OPE ET CONSILIO

Account-book. Rationes, codex accepti et expensi Accrual. See ius adcrescendi

Accusation, malicious. Calumnia

Accusation, written. Libellus inscriptionis, subscriptio Acknowledge 'a seal. Agnoscere (recognoscere) sig­num

Acknowledge paternity. Agnoscere liberum Acquittal. Absolutio Act in court. Postulare

Actor. Scaehicus, mimus, qui artem ludicram exercet Adjournment of a trial. Dilatio

Administrator. Procurator, curator; administrator of another’s property = procurator omnium bonorum

Adoption. Adoptio, adrogatio

Advantage. Commodum, emolumentum

Adversary in a trial. Pars diversa

Advice. Consilium

Adviser, legal (of magistrates, judges). Adsessor Adviser of the emperor. Consiliarius

Advocate. Advocatus, patronus causae, orator, causi­dicus, scholasticus

Against good customs. Contra bonos mores

Against one’s will. Invito (aliquo)

Age. Aetas k

Age below puberty. Aetas pupillaris

Agent. Actor, procurator

Agreement not to sue in court. Pactum de non petendo Agreement. Pactum, contractus, placitum, conventio Agreement, extrajudicial about a controversy. Trans­actio

Agreement with reciprocal obligations. Synallagma Air, airspace. Aer, coelum

Alliance. Foedus

Ally. Socius populi Romani

Ambassador. Legatus

Amnesty. Indulgentia principis

Ancestors. Maiores

Animal, domestic.

Animal, wild. Fera (bestia)

Announce (publicly). Proscribere (palam)

Annul a statute. Abrogare, tollere legem, see derogare Anonymous. Sine nomine, see libellus famosus Answer (decision) of the emperor. Rescriptum Answers (opinions) of the jurists. Responsa pruden­tium

Appeal. Appellatio, provocatio

Appeal, written. Libelli appellatorii, see appello Application (written) to court. Libellus conventionis Appointment of an heir. Institutio heredis Appointment of a substitute heir. Substitutio Approval. Approbatio, probatio, auctoritas Approval by a principal. Ratihabitio

Appurtenance of a land. Instrumentum, instructum fundi

Arbitration, agreement on. Compromissum Arbitrator. Arbiter, iudex compromissarius Archive. Tabularium, tabulae publicae Armistice. Indutiae

Army. Exercitus Arrest. Prensio

Arson. Incendium

Ascendants. Maiores, superiores Assemblies of the people. Comitia Assembly, plebeian. Concilium plebis Assessment of taxes. Descriptio Assistance. Auxilium, see ius auxilii Association. Collegium, sodalicium Assume an obligation. Suscipere obligationem Astrologus. Astrologer, mathematicus Asylum. See confuga Attempt, criminal. Conatus

Auction. Subhastatio Authentic. Verus Authority. Auctoritas Authorization. I ussum, mandatum Avenge an offense. Vindicare

Bad faith. Mala fides

Bad (forged) money. Adulterina, reproba, falsa pe­cunia

Bakers. Pistores

Bandit. Latro

Banishment. Deportatio, relegatio, exilium

Bank of a river. Ripa

Banker. Argentarius, nummularius, mensularius Bankrupt. Decoctor

Barter. Permutatio

Beam. Tignum, see tignum iunctum

Beginner in a (lawyer’s) profession. Tiro

Below puberty. Impubes

Betrothal. Sponsalia

Beyond the normal order. Extra ordinem

Birthplace. Origo

Bishop. Episcopus

Bishop’s court. Episcopalis audientia

Blame by the censors. Nota censoria

Blind. Caecus, see testimonium caeci

Board, advisory, of magistrates. Consilium magistra­tuum

Board, white, for official announcements.

Booty. Praeda

Borrow. Mutuari

Bottomry loan. Fenus nauticum, pecunia traiecticia Boundary of a land. Fines, confinium, modus agri Boundary stone. Terminus, cippus

Bribe. Corrumpere

Bribery at elections. Ambitus

Bribery in office. Repetundae

Brother. Frater

Building. Aedes, aedificium

Building materials. Tignum, see tignum iunctum

Building regulations. See zenonianae constitu­tiones

Buildings, public. Opera publica

Burdens (expenses) of a marriage. Onera matrimonii Burden of the proof. Onus probandi

Bureau of the imperial chancery. Scrinium

Burglar. Effractor

By-laws of an association. Pactio collegii

Captain of a ship. Magister navis

Case. Causa, res iudicialis

Cash-book. Codex accepti et expensi, rationes

Cash payment. Numeratio pecuniae, pecunia numerata Cast horoscopes. Ars mathematica

Census declaration (return), oral. Professio censualis Chair used by high magistrates. Sella curulis, see sub­sellium

Chairman of a criminal jury. ludex quaestionis

Chancery, imperial. See a cognitionibus and the fol­lowing entries

Change a testament. Mutare testamentum

Change in the family status. Mutatio familiae Charitable institutions. Piae causae

Charter of a colony (province). Lex coloniae (pro­vinciae)

Chastity, crimes against chastity. Pudicitia Chicanery. Calumnia

Chief of the palace offices. Magister officiorum

Child. Infans, liber

Child, unborn (in the womb). N asciturus, in utero Child of an unknown father. Spurius, vulgo conceptus Childless. Orbus

Children. Liberi, see ius liberorum

Choice. Optio

Church. Ecclesia

Citizen Civis

Citizens of a municipality. Municipes

Citizenship. Civitas

Civilian. Paganus

Claim. Petitic

Claim back. Repetere, reposcere

Claim for the recovery of a pledge. Vindicatio pignoris

Claim of a servitude. Vindicatio servitutis

Claim of an inheritance. Hereditatis petitio

Class, equestrian (senatorial) Or do equester (sena­

torius)

Classes, social higher.

Classes, social lower. Humiliores, tenuiores

Clerk, in a court. Scriba, exsecutor

Coercive measures. Coercitio

Co-heirs. Coheredes

Coins. Nummi

Collapse of a building. Ruina

Collusion between accuser and accused. Praevaricatio Command. I ussum

Commander. Praepositus, praefectus

Commander, military. Imperator, regens exercitum Commander of a fleet unit. Nauarchus (classis) Commander of a ship. Magister navis

Commander of the cavalry. Magister equitum Commander of the infantry. Magister peditum Commissioner. Procurator, curator Common ownership. Communio Common thing. Res communis

Complain. Queri

Complaint. Querela, querimonia

Complex of things as a unit. Universitas (rerum), corpus ex distantibus

Conceal another’s slave. Celare, suscipere, supprimere servum alienum

Concealer. Occultator

Conceived. Conceptus, in utero

Conclude a fictitious transaction. Simulare

Concurrent crimes. Delicta concurrentia

Confer a higher rank. Promovere

Confiscation. Ademptio, publicatio, proscriptio (bono­rum)

Construction of a house. Aedificatio. See superficies Contempt of court. Contumacia, see obtemperare Contractor. Redemptor, conductor (operis)

Control of public morals. Regimen morum Controversy in court. Lis, see iurgium Conveyance of a res mancipi. Mancipatio, in iure cessio Conveyance of property. Translatio dominii Copper and scales. See per aes et libram Copy, make a copy. Describere

Copy of a document. Exemplum

Corporal punishment. Castigatio, verberatio, fustigatio Corporate body. Universitas, corpus, collegium Corpse. Cadaver

Correality. See duo rei promittendi Corruption of a slave. See actio servi corrupti Council. Consilium

Council, municipal. Ordo (consilium) decurionum, curia

Counterfeit money. Moneta (pecunia) adulterina, falsa Court days. Actus rerum, see feriae, dies fasti Court hall. Secretarium

Court practice. Consuetudo fori

Creditor by stipulatio. Reus stipulandi, stipulator Crime.

Crime through cheating, fraud, deceit. Stellionatus Crimes prosecuted by the person injured. Delicta (pri­vata)

Crimes prosecuted by the state. Crimina publica Criminal courts. Quaestiones

Criminal offense. Admissum, flagitium

Crown property of the emperor. Patrimonium Caesaris Customary law. Consuetudo, mos, mores maiorum, ius moribus constitutum

Custom duties. Portoria

Customs (good). Mores (boni)

Customs, local. Usus loci, mores civitatis (regionis)

Damage done by domestic animals. Pauperies

Damage done to property. Damnum iniuria datum, see LEX AQUILIA

Damage, threatened. Damnum infectum Danger. Periculum, see damnum infectum Daughter. Filia

Deaf. Surdus

Death. Mors

Death penalty. Supplicium (ultimum), poena capitis (capitalis)

Death, upon (because·of). Mortis causa

Debt. Debitum

Debt, non existing. Indebitum

Debt-book. Kalendarium

Debtor. Reus (debendi), debitor

Debtor through stipulation. Reus promittendi, pro­missor

Debtors, joint. Correi, duo rei.

Decapitation. Decollatio, capitis amputatio

Deceased. Defunctus

Deceipt. Dolus, fraus

Deceitfully. Dolo, dolose, subdole

Deceive creditors. Fraudare creditores

Decemviral legislation. Lex duodecim tabularum Decision of a magistrate (emperor). Decretum Decision of an arbitrator. Arbitrium, sententia arbitri Decision of the senate. Sententia senatus

Declaration before censors. Professio censualis Declaration before officials. Professio

Declaration before witnesses. Testatio

Declarations concerning the birth of children. Profes­siones liberorum natorum

Decree. Decretum

Defamation. Iniuria, convicium

Defamatory letter (poem). Libellus famosus (carmen famosum)

Default. Mora, contumacia, absentia

Defect, legal. Vitium

Defect mental. Vitium animi

Defective condition of a building (construction). Vi­tium aedium (operis)

Defective, legally. Vitiosus

Defects concealed (latent) in a sale.

Defendant. Reus, is cum quo agitur

Defenseless in trial. Indefensus

Defraud. Fraudare

Defrauding young men. Circumscriptio adulescentium Degree of relationship. Gradus

Denial of a claim. Infitiatio, negatio

Denouncer. Delator, nuntiator

Dependant upon another’s paternal power. Alieni iuris, in potestate

Deputy official. Vices (vice) agens, vicarius, proximus Descendants. Descendentes, posteri, progenies Desecration of a grave. Violatio sepulcri

Deserter. Perfuga, transfuga, see deserere Designation of an heir. Institutio heredis Destruction. Demolitio

Determination by lot. Sortitio

Disapprove. Reprobare

Discharge, honorable, from military service. Missio honesta

Disease. Morbus; chronic disease. Morbus perpetuus Disherison. Exheredatio

Dishonest. Improbus, contra bonam fidem Disinherit. Exheredare

Dismissal from military service. Reiectio militia Disobedience to a magisterial order. See obtemperare Dispossess. Deicere de possessione

Dissolve a legal tie. Solvere

Distinctive insignia (titles). Ornamenta

Distribution of money among people. Missilia, iactus missilium

Districts, administrative in Rome (Italy). Regiones Disuse of a law. Desuetudo

Divine law. I us divinum, ius sacrum, fas

Division of common inheritance. See actio familiae

ERCISCUNDAE

Division of common property. See actio communi DIV1DUND0

Division of process (bipartition). See in iure, apud

IUDICEM

Divorce. Divortium, repudium, separatio

Document. Instrumentum, charta, scriptura

Door. Ostia

Dowry. Dos, res uxoria

Draft by lot. Sortitio

Draft, written of a judgment. Pariculum

Drunkenness. Ebrietas, temulatio, see vinum Dumb. Mutus

Duress. See METUS

Duties, public, for the state or city. Munera

Earnest (money). Arra

Earthquake. Terrae motus

Easement. Servitus

Ecclesiastical jurisdiction. See episcopalis audientia Elected magistrate (for the next term). Designatus Election between alternative obligations. Optio, see IUS VARIANDI

Elections, dishonest practices in. Ambitus Embezzler. Decoctor

Embezzlement in office. Peculatus

Emergency. Necessitas

Emergency tax. Tributum temerarium

Emperor. Princeps, imperator

Enactment, imperial, of particular importance. Sanctio pragmatica

Enactment of a plebeian assembly. Plebiscitum

Enactments of the emperors. Constitutiones principum, statuta imperialia

Endow with a dowry. Dotare

Enemy. Hostis

Enforce payment. Exigere

Enfranchisement of a slave. Manumissio

Enriched. Locupletior factus

Enrichment. Id quod pervenit, versum in rem alicuius

Enrichment, unjustified. See condictio

Enslavement by penalty. See servus poenae

Entry in a cash-book. Nomen, see nomina tran­scripticia

Equal legal situation. Par causa

Equipment of a house (land). Instrumentum, instruc­tum domus (fundi)

Equity. Aequitas

Error concerning law. Ignorantia (error) iuris Estate (inheritance). Hereditas, res hereditariae Estate tax. Vicesima hereditatium

Esteem. Existimatio

Estimation. Taxatio, aestimatio

Evade law. Circumvenire, fraudare legem, in fraudem legis agere

Evade summons in court by hiding. Latitare Evidence. Probatio

Evidence, circumstantial. Indicium

Examination of a case in court. Causae cognitio Examine (confirm) the correctness of a copy. Recog­noscere

Excessive claim. Pluspetitio

Exchange. Permutatio

Exclude from the senate. Senatu movere

Excuse. Excusatio, velamentum

Execution of a judgment. See actio iudicati, manus iniectio

Execution through taking a pledge. See pignus in CAUSAM IUDICATI

Execution of a criminal. See poena capitalis, poena Executioner. Speculator

Exemption, excuse, from guardianship or public charges. Excusatio

Exemption from law. Solutio legibus

Exemption from taxes. Immunitas, vacatio Exercise of a right. Usus iuris, uti suo iure.

Exile, voluntary. See interdicere aqua et igni Ex-master of a slave. Patronus

Expenses. Impensae, impendium, sumptus Expenses connected with a lawsuit. Sumptus litis Explanation of laws (or last wills). Interpretatio Expose to public view. Proponere, publicare, pro­scribere, promulgare

Expropriation. Emptio ab invito

Expulsion. Relegatio

Extinction of obligations. See solutio, liberatio, ac­ceptilatio, DATIO IN SOLUTUM, CONFUSIO

Extrajudicial oath. lusiurandum voluntarium Extort. Torquere, extorquere

Extortion. Concussio, crimen repetundarum

Factual situation. Res facti

Fair and just. Bonum et aequum

Faith (good, bad). Fides (bona, mala)

False judgment. See Unjust judgment

Family council. Consilium propinquorum, domesticum Farmers of public revenues. Publicani

Father. Pater (familias), parens

Fear. Metus, timor

Fees, judicial. Sportulae Female slave. Ancilla Festivities, public. Ludi publici Fetters. Vincula

Fiance (fiancee). Sponsus (sponsa) Fiduciary agreement. Pactum fiduciae Financial matters. Rationes

Financial means of a person. Facultates, modus facul­tatum

Fine. Multa, poena nummaria (pecuniaria)

Fire. Incendium Fire brigade. Vigiles First name. Praenomen Fishing. Piscari Fleet. Classis

Flock of animals. Grex Flowing water. Aqua profluens Food administration. Annona Forbid. Prohibere, vetare Force (physical). Vis, violentia Foreclosure of pledge. See lex commissoria, impe­tratio DOMINII

Foreigner. Peregrinus Forgery. Falsum

Formalities, legal. Sollemnitates iuris

Formless agreement. Pactum (nudum), placitum Formless promise of a dowry. Pollicitatio dotis Formularies for documents. Formulae Formulary procedure. See formula Fortune-teller. Vaticinator Foster parent. Nutritor Foundations,’charitable. Piae causae Four-footed animal. Quadrupes Fracture of a bone. Os fractum Fraud. Dolus Fraudulently. Subdole, dolose Free. Liber Free a slave. Manumittere

Free from charges. Immunis, see optimo iure

Free man enslaved through condemnation. Servus poenae

Free will. Libera voluntas

Freeborn. Ingenuus Freedman. Libertus, libertinus Freedman’s services. Operae liberti Fruits. Fructus Funeral. Funus

Funeral association. Collegium funeraticium Funeral oration. Oratio funebris Furlough. Commeatus

Gain. Lucrum

Gain in a transaction. Lucrari, lucrifacere

Gambler. Aleator, see alea

Games (public). Ludi (publici)

Gates of a city. Portae

General authorization. Mandatum generale

Gift. Donatio, donum, munus

Gifts between spouses. Donationes inter virum et uxorem

Give a dowry. Dotare

Give notice. Denuntiare

Give security. Cavere

Good customs (manners). Boni mores

Good faith. Bona fides

Goods transported by sea. Vectura

Governor of a diocese. Vicarius

Governor of a province. Praeses (rector) provinciae Grace of the emperor. Indulgentia principis Gratuitous loan of things for use. Commodatum Grant an action. Dare actionem

Grant of majority rights to a minor. Venia aetatis Grave. Sepulcrum

Gross negligence. Magna (lata) culpa, magna negle­gentia

Group o*f persons as a unit. Universitas

Guaranties in process. See vadimonium, cautio iudi- cio SISTI

Guaranty for eviction. See actio auctoritatis, stipu­latio DUPLAE

Guardian. Tutor

Guardianship. T utela

Guild. Collegium, of do

Guilty. Reus

Harbor. Portus

Harvest. Messis

Head of an office. Praefectus, praepositus, magister, curator

Head of the fiscal administration. Rationalis

Health (bad). Valetudo

Heir. Heres

Heirless estate. Bona vacantia

Help through procedural measures. Succurrere, sub­venire

Herald. Praeco

Herd. Grex

Hesitate in testimony. Vacillare

High treason. Crimen maiestatis, perduellio, proditio Higher in rank. Superior

Highway robber. Latro, grassator

Hire another’s labor. Locatio conductio operarum (operis)

Hold a thing. Detinere, naturaliter possidere

Holidays. Feriae

Honest man. Vir bonus

Honesty. Bona fides, probitas

Honorarium for intellectual services. Salarium

Hospital. Xenodochium

Hostage. Obses

House. Domus, aedes

Hunting. Venatio

Husband. Maritus

Ignorance of a fact (law). Error, ignorantia facti (iuris)

Illegal. Illicitus

Illegitimate child (father). Filius (pater) naturalis Illiterate. Ignarus litterarum (see litterae) Imaginary marriage. Nuptiae simulatae Immovables. Res immobiles

Imperial council. Consilium principis, consistorium

Imperial enactments. Constitutiones principum

Impulse. Impetus

In court. Pro tribunali

Inaction. Silentium

Incapable to be a witness. Intestabilis

Income. Reditus

Independent of another (legally). Sui iuris

Individual thing. Species

Ineffective, legally. Inutilis

Infamous. Qui notatur infamia

Infantrymen. Pedites

Informal proceedings, out of court. De piano Informer. Denuntiator, index, delator Inhabitant. Incola

Inheritance. Hereditas

Inheritance tax. Vicesima hereditarium

Innkeeper. Caupo, see receptum nautae

Inquire. Quaerere

Insane. Demens, furiosus, mente captus Insubordination. Contumacia

Insuit. Contumelia, iniuria, convicium

Intellectual profession (services). Artes (operae) liberales

Intent to commit a crime. Consilium, voluntas sceleris Intention. Animus, affectio, mens, cogitatio, voluntas, propositum

Intention of a statute. Mens, sententia legis Intentionally (with evil intention). Dolo malo, dolose Intercourse with an unmarried woman. Stuprum Interest. Usurae, fenus

Interest for default. Usurae morae

Interest from interest. Usurae usurarum, anatocismus

Interest of twelve per cent. Usurae centesimae

Interest, public. Utilitas publica, see intereste utilis Intermediary. Interposita persona

Interruption (of usucaption). Interpellatio, usurpatio Intestate succession. Hereditas legitima (ab intestato), bonorum possessio intestati

Intoxication. Ebrietas, temulatio. See vinum Inundation. Vis fluminis

Invade another’s property. Introire, ingredi

Invalid, legally. Irritus, invalidus, nullus, nullius mo­menti

Invest money. Collocare pecuniam

Investigator. Quaesitor

Inviolable. Sacrosanctus

Island. Insula

Issue a decree. Decernere

Issue an interdict. Reddere interdictum

Jail. Career

Jettison. laetus mercium

Joinder of issue. Litis contestatio

Joinder of possessions. Accessio possessionis Joint debtors. Correi, duo rei promittendi

Joint creditors. Duo rei stipulandi

Judge. ludex

Judgment. Sententia

Judgment debt. ludicatum

Judicial matter. Causa

Jurist. lurisprudens, prudens, iurisconsultus, iuris pe­ritus

Just titlé. Iusta causa

Keeper of stables. Stabularius, see receptum nautae Keys. Claves

Kidnapper. Plagiarius, plagiator

Kidnapping. Plagium

Kind of things. Genus

King. Rex

Kingship. Regnum

Kiss. Osculum

Knowledge. Scientia Knowledge of law. Iuris scientia, iurisprudentia

Labor (manual and intellectual). Operae Lack of knowledge of the law. Ignorantia iuris Lack of professional skill. Imperitia Lampoon. Carmen famosum, libellus famosus Land (plot of land). Ager, fundus, praedium Land dedicated to the gods. Locus sacer

Land for agricultural production. Praedium rusticum Land for urban utilization. Praedium urbanum

Land in Italy (provinces). Fundus Italicus (provin­cialis), solum, praedium Italicum (provinciale)

Land-register. Libri censuales Land-tax (in provinces). Tributum soli, stipendium Large estate. Latifundium

Last will. Postrema, ultima voluntas, testamentum Law. lus, lex

Law, customary. See Customary law

Law originating in edicts of magistrates (praetors). lus honorarium (praetorium)

Lawsuit. Actio, petitio, persecutio Lawfully. lure, recte, rite, licite Lawyer. See Advocate

Lawyer pleading in court. Togatus fori

Lease. Locatio conductio

Lease in perpetuity. See emphyteusis Leave (inheritance, legacy). Relinquere Leave of absence. Commeatus

Legacy. Legatum, see fideicommissum Legacy of a fraction of the estate. Partitio legata Legacy, additional, to an heir. Praelegatum Legal rule. Regula iuris, norma, canon Legally. See Lawfully

Legitimate son. Filius legitimus Lend money. Credere pecuniam Lessee. Conductor

Lessor. Locator

Letter. Epistula, litterae Letter of commendation. Prosecutoria

Liable, to be. Teneri

Liberation from an obligation. Solutio List of property. Inventarium Litigation. Lis, controversia Litigation tax. Quadragesima litium Loan for consumption. Mutuum, creditum Loan of a thing for use. Commodatum Long-term lease. Emphyteusis, ius in agrb vectigali Loss. Damnum

Loss of profit. Lucrum cessans Lower imperial officials. Proximi Lunatic. Furiosus, demens, mente captus Luxury, laws against. Leges sumptuariae

Majority in a corporation. Maior pars

Make a copy. Describere

Make a gift. Donare

Make a testament. Testari, testamentum facere

Make good losses. Resarcire, sarcire Malicious trial. Calumnia

Manage another’s affairs. Negotia (aliena) gerere, administrare

Management of another’s affairs without authorization. Negotiorum gestio

Manager of a commercial enterprise. Institor

779

Manager of another’s affairs. Procurator; without authorization = negotiorum gestor

Manslaughter. Homicidium

Manumission tax. Vicesima manumissionum Maritime loan. Fenus nauticum, pecunia traiecticia Market. Nundinae

Market place. Forum

Marriage. Matrimonium, nuptiae

Marriage contract, written. Tabulae nuptiales (dotales) Marriage, incestuous. Nuptiae incestae, see incestus Marriage-like union of slaves. Contubernium

Master of a slave. Dominus

Master of ceremonies. Magister admissionum

Matter of fact. Res (quaestio) facti

Matter of law. Res (quaestio) iuris Meeting, informal, of the people. Contio

Members of a corporation (association). Socii, sodales, corporati, collegiati

Merchandise. Merx

Merchants. Negotiatores, mercatores

Messenger. Nuntius

Messengers in office. Viatores

Milestone. Milliar ium

Military court. ludices militares

Military delicts. Delicta militum

Military law. Ius militare (militum)

Military service. Militia

Mines. Metalla

Minor magistrates. See vigintisexviri

Minority. Minor aetas

Mint. Moneta

Mistake. Error

Money. Pecunia, nummi

Money lent. Pecunia credita

Monk. Monachus

Moral duty. Officium pietatis

Motive of a statute. Ratio legis

Mourning. Luctus

Movables. Res mobiles

Move to another place. Migrare, see interdictum de MIGRANDO

Municipal senate (council). Consilium (ordo) de­curionum

Municipality. Municipium

Murder. Homicidium, see parricidium

Murder by poison. Veneficium

Murderer. Sicarius

Name. Nomen

Natural law. Ius naturale (naturae)

Navy. Classis Negligence. Culpa

N eighbor. V icinus

Newborn child. Partus

Norm, legal. Praeceptum (regula) iuris, praescriptum Non-appearance in court. Contumacia

Non-use of a right. Non usus

Notary. Tabellio, tabularius

Notification of action to the defendant. Editio actionis Notify. Denuntiare

N ourishment. V ictus

Null. Nullus, nullius momenti, invalidus

Oath. Juramentum, iusiurandum

Oath in a civil trial. See juramentum necessarium Oath of a magistrate. See iurare in leges, eiuratio Oath of soldiers. Sacramentum

Object of a lawsuit. Res de qua agitur, lis

Object of a pending trial. Res litigiosa

Objection in trial. Exceptio

Obsolescence. Desuetudo

Offense against the state. Maiestas, perduellio Offense, personal. Iniuria

Offenses, military. Delicta militum

Offer. Oblatio

Office, public. Ministerium

Officers, highest, in the legion. Tribuni militum

Offices, regional, of the fisc. Stationes fisci

Official duties. O fficium

Official, highest, in an imperial office. Primicerus, princeps

Officials in the fiscal administration. Rationales

Officials in the imperial palace. Palatini

Omission, negligent. Neglegentia, culpa in non faciendo Omit a person in a will. Praeterire, omittere

Opening of a will. Apertura testamenti

Opposing an exception. Excipere

Oral solemn declaration. Nuncupatio

Oral will. T estamentum per nuncupationem

Orator. Rhetor

Ordain. Statuere

Order (authorization). Iussum

Order of a magistrate. Decretum, iussum

Order of payment from a bank deposit. Relegare pe­cuniam, delegare ab argentario

Order, public. Disciplina

Order to lend money. Mandatum pecuniae credendae

Order to take possession, issued by a praetor. Missio in possessionem

Ordinary civil procedure. Ordo iudiciorum privatorum

Ordinary criminal procedure. Or do iudiciorum publi­corum

Original of a document. Exemplar, authenticum Outlawed. Proscriptus, interdictus aqua et igni, sacer Outside the court. Extra iudicium

Owner. Dominus, proprietarius

Ownerless estate (inheritance). Bona vacantia Ownerless things. Res nullius

Ownership. Dominium, proprietas

Ownership protected by praetorian law. See in bonis

Pace. Passus

Painting. Pictura

Panel of judges. Album iudicum

Parcel of public land. Locus publicus

Partition. Divisio

Partner. S ocius

Partnership. 5 ocietas

Party to a trial. Pars, litigator

Party wall. Paries communis

Pasquil. Libellus famosus

Pass a judgment. Sententiam ferre, iudicare

Pasture land. Pascuum

Pasture servitude. Ius pascendi Paternal power. Patria potestas Patronage. Patrocinium

Pay a debt. Solvere, retro dare

Payment by installment. Pensio

Payment of a debt. Solutio

Peace. Pax

Pederasty. Stuprum cum masculo

Penalty. Poena

Period of time. Tempus, intervallum

Periods, lucid (in an insane person). Dilucida (lucida) intervalla

Perjury. Periurium

Person not belonging to a family. Extraneus Personal offense. Iniuria, contumelia

Personnel, auxiliary, in an office. Apparitores Petition. Preces, libellus, supplicatio

Physical things. Res corporales

Physician. Medicus

Plaintiff. Actor, petitor, is qui agit

Platform for the court. Tribunal

Plead in court a case. Causam dicere, perorare Plebeian assembly. Concilium plebis Plot of land. Ager, fundus, praedium Plurality of creditors. Duo rei stipulandi Plurality of debtors. Duo rei promittendi Plurality of guardians. Contutores Plurality of heirs. Coheredes

Poison. Venenum

Poisoner. Veneficus

Police officials. Curiosi

Poll-tax. Tributum capitis Popular assembly. Comitia

Possession of a right. Possessio iuris, quasi possessio Possessor in good (bad) faith. Possessor bonae fidei Possessory remedies. See interdicta

Postal service. Cursus publicus

Poster. Propositum

Posthumous child. Postumus

Postpone. Prorogare

Poverty. Egestas

Power. Potestas

Power of higher magistrates. Imperium

Praetorian Edict, commentaries on. Libri ad edictum

Precedent. Exemplum, see res iudicata

Predecessor in title. Auctor

Preliminary decision in litigation. Interlocutio Prescription, acquisitive. Usucapio

Prescription, extinctive. Longi temporis praescriptio Presentation of the case by plaintiff. Narratio Pretext. Obtentus, velamentum, see species Price. Pretium

Priests. Sacerdotes, flamines, augures, haruspices Principal. Dominus negotii

Principal (sum). Sors, caput

Prison. Career, vincula publica

Prisoner of war. Captivus

Privy purse of the emperor. Res privata principis Procedural stipulations. Stipulationes praetoriae, see

IUDICIALES

Proceeds. Fructus

Proclamation. Programma

Products. Fructus

Professional association. Collegium, ordo

Professional services. Operae

Profit. Commodum, lucrum

Prohibit. Vetare, prohibere

Prohibited by law or custom. Illicitus

Prolongation of magisterial power. Prorogatio imperii Promise. Promissio, promissum, pollicitatio

Promise of a dowry. Didio, promissio, pollicitatio dotis Promissory note. Chirographum

Proof. Probatio

Proof, burden of. Onus probandi

Property of a person. Proposal of a statute. Propose a candidate. Proposer of a statute.

Bona, patrimonium

Rogatio legis (ferre legem)

Nominare

Rogator, auctor legis

Prosecutor in a criminal trial. Denuntiator, accusator

Prostitute. Meretrix, mulier quae corpore quaestum facit

Protest against a new construction. Operis novi nun­tiatio

Prove. Probare

Provincial land. Praedium (solum) provinciale

Public constructions. Opera publica

Public interest (welfare). Utilitas publica

Public law. lus publicum

Publicly. Palam, publice

Punishment. Poena

Punishment, capital. Poena capitalis, supplicium

Purchase. Emptio

Purpose of a statute. Ratio legis

Pursue a claim. Experiri actione

Question. Interrogatio

Quinquennal period. Lustrum

Rain drip. Stillicidium

Rate of interest fixed by law. Usurae legitimae Ratification. Ratihabitio, ratum habere

Ratification by the senate. Auctoritas senatus (patrum) Read in court. Recitare

Real. Verus

Real right. lus in re (aliena)

Real security. See fiducia, pignus, hypotheca

Reason, natural. Naturalis ratio

Receipt, written. Apocha, securitates

Reciprocal claims. Mutuae petitiones

Reciprocally. Invicem

Recompense. Remunerare

Records, official. Acta, commentarii, tabulae publicae, gesta, monumenta

Recourse. Regressus

Recovery of property, action for. Rei vindicatio

Recovery of unjustified enrichment, action for. Con­dictio

Recruit. Tiro

Redeem a pledge. Emere pignus

Redeemed from the enemy. Redemptus ab hoste

Reduction of rent. Remissio mercedis

Refusal of action by the praetor. Denegatio actionis Refuse an inheritance. Abstinere (se) hereditate Registered as taxpayer. Censitus

Reimburse. Refundere

Reinstatement to the former (legal) condition. Resti­tutio in integrum

Reiteration of evidence. Ampliatio

Relationship (kinship). Necessitudo, see agnatio, cognatio

Relationship among slaves. Cognatio servilis

Release of debt. Acceptilatio

Release from an obligation. Remissio debiti

Remitting a penalty. Remissio poenae

Remnant, unpaid of a debt. Residuum, reliquatio, re­liquum

Removal of a boundary stone. Termini motio

Render judgment. ludicare, sententiam ferre.

Renew. Renovare redintegrare

Renewal of an accusation. Repetere accusationem

Renewal of a lease. Reconductio, relocatio

Rent. Merces

Rent in a long-term lease. Canon, pensio

Renunciation. Abdicatio

Repair. Reficere

Replacement of a judge. Mutatio iudicis, see trans­latio iudicii

Reply of the defendant. Contradictio, responsio, libel­lus contradictionis

Report to a higher judge. Referre

Represent a person. Sustinere personam alicuius Representative of a corporate body. Syndicus, actor Representative of a party in a trial. Cognitor, pro­curator

Request a magistrate. Postulare

Request for opinion. Consultatio

Rescind. Rescindere, resolvere, revocare

Rescission of a sale. Redhibitio

Reserve a servitude (usufruct) for the alienator. De­ducere, excipere servitutem (usumfructum)

Residence. Domicilium, sedes

Responsibility (risk) of a guardian. Periculum tutoris Responsible for damages. Obnoxius

Restore. Restituere

Retaliation. Talio

Retention of a dowry. Retentiones dotales

Return (give back). Reddere

Revenues of the state. Vectigalia

Revocation of a legacy. Ademptio legati

Revolt. Tumultus, seditio

Rhetorician. Rhetor, orator

Right. I us

Right and just. Bonum et aequum

Right of life and death. I us z’itae necisque

Right on another’s property. I us in re aliena

Right to promulgate edicts. I us edicendi

Right to take produce of another’s property. Ius fru- endi, see ususfructus

Right to use another’s property. I us utendi, see usus Right to vote. Ius suffragii

Rights of way on another’s property. See iter, via, actus

Riot. Tumultus, seditio

Risk. Periculum

Risk in a sale. Periculum rei venditae

River. Flumen, rivus

River bed. Alveus

Roads. Viae

Robber. Praedo

Robbery. Rapina

Roman people. Populus Romanus

Rome, city of. Urbs

Rule, legal. Regula iuris

Runaway (slave). Servus fugitivus

Salary. Merces

Sale. (Emptio) venditio, distractio

Sale of a free man. Plagium

Sale (purchase) of a future thing. Emptio spei, emptio rei speratae

Sale of a pledge. Distractio pignoris, see ius distra­hendi

Sale of a war prisoner. Venditio sub corona

Sale of the property of an insolvent debtor. Bonorum venditio

Sale, public, by auction. Audio

Sales tax. Centesima (vectigal) rerum venalium

Schedule (inventory) of an estate. Inventarium, re­pertorium

Sea. Mare

Seal. Signum, sigillum

Seal a document. Signare, obsignare, consignare

Search for stolen things. Perquisitio, see lance et licio

Seashore. Litus

Second marriage. Secundae nuptiae

Second marriage between the same persons. Matri­monium redintegratum

Security. Cautio, satisdatio

Security for appearance in court. Cautio uidicio sisti, vadimonium

Seizure by the fisc. Confiscatio, occupatio a fisco

Selection. Electio, optio

Selection by lot. Sortitio

Selection of jurors. Editio iudicum

Selection of senators. Lectio senatus

Self-defense. See vim vi repellere, vindicare

Sell at a public auction. Publice vendere; to be sold — publice venire

Senators. Patres (“fathers”), senatores

Senility. Senectus

Sequence in magisterial career. Cursus honorum Serfdom. See colonatus

Servitude of dwelling in another’s house. Habitatio Servitudes, rustic. Servitutes praediorum rusticorum Servitudes, urban. Servitutes praediorum urbanorum Set Off. See COMPENSATIO

Settle a controversy. Transigere

Share of an inheritance. Portio (pars) hereditatis Ship. Navis

Shipowner. Navicularius, nauta, see receptum nau­tae

Shipper. Exercitor navis, nauclerus

Shipwreck. Naufragium

Shorthand writing. Notae

Shrewdness. Dolus bonus

Sign. Subscribere, subnotare

Signature. Subscriptio

Silence. Silentium, see tacere

Slander. See defamatio

Slanderous poem. Carmen famosum, libellus famosus, see OCCENTARE

Slave. Servus, homo, mancipium, puer

Slave, female. Ancilla

Slave manumitted on condition. Statuliber

Slave of a slave. Servus vicarius

Slave of the state. Servus publicus

Slavery. Servitus

Social classes, higher. Potentiores, honestiores, altiores

Social classes, lower. Humiliores, tenuiores

Soil. Solum

Soldier. Miles

Soldier’s pay. Stipendium

Soldier’s will. Testamentum militis

Solidarity in obligations. See Correality

Solvent. Solvendo esse, facere posse

Son under paternal power. Filius familias

Sorcery. Magia, see excantare

Space between neighboring houses. Ambitus

Speech of the emperor. Oratio principis

Spendthrift. Prodigus

Sphere of competence. Provincia

Spy. Explorator, proditor

State. See RES PUBLICA

State land. Ager publicus

Status of a freeborn. Ingenuitas

Statute. Lex

Statute of a collegium (association). Lex collegii Statute of limitations. Praescriptio longi temporis Statutes against luxury. Leges sumptuariae Statutes on voting. Leges tabellariae Statutory norm. Placitum legis

Steal. Furari, subripere

Stepson. Privignus

Stipulatory promise. Stipulatio

Storehouse. Horreum, thesaurus

Storm. T empestas

Straw man. Interposita (supposita) persona

Subject to another’s power. Alieni iuris, in potestate Submission to arbitration. Compromissum

Subordinate personnel in offices. Apparitores Subscribe. Signare

Substitute heir. Heres substitutus, heres secundus

Substitute of an official. Vice agens, vicarius

Substitute of a provincial governor. See iudex Succeed as an heir. Succedere hereditario iure

Succession according to praetorian law. Bonorum pos­sessio

Sue in court. Venire contra aliquem, convenire

Suicide. Suicidium, consciscere sibi mortem, libera facultas mortis

Suit, written. Libellus conventionis

Sum lent at interest. Sors, caput

Summary. Index

Summary civil proceeding. Summatim cognoscere Summons to court. In ius vocatio, denuntiatio, evocatio Supposititious child. Partus subditicius, subiectus, suppositus

Superior force. Vis maior

Supervision. Cura, curatio

Surety. Sponsor, fideiussor, fideipromissor, see adpro- MISSIO, PRAEDES

Surety in process. Vindex, vas, praes

Surname. Cognomen

Surrender of a son or slave for damages. In noxam dedere

Surrender of an enemy. Deditio

Survive. Supervivere, see COM MORIENTES

Suspension of judicial activity. lustitium Sustenance. Alimenta

Taking possession of an ownerless thing. Occupatio

Taking upon death of a person. Mortis causa capio Tax. Vectigal

Tax assessment officials. Censuales

Tax collector. Susceptor

Tax evasion. Fraudare vectigal

Tax farmer. Publicanus redemptor, conductor

Tax farmers’ association. Societas publicanorum

Tax office, regional. Statio

Tax officials. Tabularii

Tax on inheritance. Vicesima hereditatium

Tax on manumissions. Vicesima manumissionum

Tax on sales. See Sales tax

Tax payer. Tributarius

Taxes in provinces. See tributum, capitatio, sti­pendium

Teachers. Magistri, praeceptores, professores, ante­cessores

Ten-men group. Decuria

Tenant. Habitator, inquilinus, conductor

Tenement house. Insula

Territory of Rome. See pomerium

Testament, capacity to make one or to take under one.

Testamenti factio

Testify. Testari

Testimony. Testimonium, testatio, attestatio

Testimony, written. Testimonium per tabulas, tabulae signatae

Theatrical art. Ars ludicra

Theft. Furtum

Theft of sacred things. Sacrilegium

Things stolen. Res furtivae, subreptae

Things of the husband, stolen by his wife. Res amotae

Things without an owner. Res nullius

Time, fixed. Tempus certum, statutum

Time for the payment of a judgment debt. Tempus iudicati

Tomb. Sepulcrum

Torture. Tormentum

Token (ticket). Tessera

Touch the debtor’s shoulder. Manum inicere

Trade. Commercium

Tradesman. Mercator, negotiator

Traitor. Proditor

Transaction. Negotium, transactio

Transfer of a claim. Cessio

Transfer of jurisdiction. Jurisdictio mandata, delegata

Transfer of ownership. Translatio dominii

Transfer of ownership, formless. Traditio

Transfer of the right to an inheritance. Transmissio

Transferee (transferor) in a mancipatio. Mancipio ac­cipiens (dans)

Travel expenses. Viaticum

Treason. Perduellio, crimen maiestatis

Treasure-trove. Thesaurus

Treasury. Aerarium, arca

Treasury, imperial. Fiscus, largitiones

Treaty, international, for protection of citizens. Reci­peratio

Treaty of alliance. Foedus

Treaty of friendship. Foedus amicitiae

Trial, civil. Lis, see legis actiones, formula, cog­nitio EXTRA ORDINEM

Trial, civil, bipartition of. See in iure, apud iudicem

Trial concerning freedom. Causa liberalis

Truth. Veritas

Try a case in court anew. Retractare causam Turmoil. Turba, rixa

Twelve Tables. Lex duodecim tabularum

Unborn child. N asciturus

Undutiful will, gift. Inofficiosus, see querela inoffi­ciosi TESTAMENTI (INOFFICIOSAE DONATIONIS)

Ungrateful. Ingratus

Unjust. Iniquus, iniustus

Unjust judgment intentionally rendered by a judge. See IUDEX QUI LITEM SUAM FACIT

Unlawful. Illegitimus, illicitus

Unlawfully. Iniuria, non iure, illicite

Unlimited in time. Perpetuus

Unnamed contracts. Contractus innominati

Unseal. Resignare

Unworthy heir. Indignus heres

Uprising. Seditio

Uproar. Tumultus

Urge a debtor to pay. Interpellare

Usage, use. Usus

Usage, legal. Consuetudo, mos

Usufructuary. Fructuarius, usufructuarius

Vacant inheritance (legacy). Caducum

Vagrant slave. Erro

Valid, to be legally. Valere, vim (vires) habere

Valid marriage. Iustae nuptiae

Valuation in money. Aestimatio

Vessel. Navis

Veteran. Vetus miles, veteranus

Veto. Intercessio

Vexation with a suit, malicious. Calumnia

Village. Vicus

Vintage. Vindemiae

Violence. Vis

Void. Nullus, irritus, inefficax, nullius momenti, nullas vires habere

Vote. 5 uffragium

Voting. Ferre suffragium

Voting place. Saeptum, ovile

Vow. Votum

Wages. Merces

Walls of a city. Muri

War. Bellum

War booty. Praeda

War, to declare. Denuntiare, indicere bellum

Warranty against latent defects in a sale. See edictum

AEDILIUM CURULIUM, ACTIO REDHIBITORIA

Warranty against eviction. See actio auctoritatis, STIPULATIO DUPLAE

Water conduits. Aquaeductus

Wax-covered tablets. Cerae, tubulae ceratae, tabellae

Wealth. Facultates

Wealthy. Locuples, assiduus

Weapon. Telum, arma

Welfare, public. Utilitas publica

Whole. See corpus

Widow. Vidua

Wife. Uxor

Wild animals. Ferae (bestiae)

Will. Voluntas, animus, mens, see velle

Will (last). Testamentum, ultima (postrema) voluntas Wink. Nutus

Withdraw from a transaction. Recedere

Withdrawal of a peculium. Ademptio peculii

Withdrawal of an action. Cedere actione, resistere, de­serere actionem

Without (against) one’s will. Invito

Witness. Testis

Witness to a will who signed and sealed it. Signator testamenti

Words, solemn and prescribed by law. Certa et sol­lemnia verba

Words, spoken or written. Verba

Woman. Femina, mulier

Wooden tablet. Lignum, tabula, tabella

Work (construction). Opus

Workman. Operarius, mercennarius, opifex

Writer of a testament. Scriptor testamenti, see quaes­tio DOMITIANA

Written law. Ius scriptum

Written stipulation. Cautio stipulatola

Written unilateral divorce. Libellus repudii

Wrongful damage to another’s property. Damnum in­iurta datum

Wrongful possession. Possessio iniusta

Youth. Pueritia, iuvenis

I.