INDEX

abduction 72-7, 80, 82-3, 87-8 Aberdeen 174, 177, 180

Aberdeen Baillie Court 177, 180, 182 abuse 48, 75, 84-5, 225

verbal abuse 84, 86-7, 231 accounting 115-16, 129 acts (in the aldermans registers,

Ghent) 155, 157-60, 162-9, 171-2 administrators 118, 123, 129-30 adultery 6, 10, 39, 41-5, 47-50 age (of majority / at marriage) 3, 66,

95, 116, 118, 121, 181, 193-4, 197, 219, 221, 224, 231, 238 agency 65, 74, 77, 81, 94, 97, 102-3,

106, 108, 134-7, 145, 148, 153,

184

law of 133-4, 136, 145, 153, 179 wifely 1, 9, 74-5, 134-7, 145, 148­51, 153, 179, 190 agriculture 218, 221, 223-4, 229-31 aldermen (see also, Keure) 5, 155-60, 162-72

registers of 155, 157-8, 162-6, 168 ale 91, 104, 174, 181, 183-4, 186-9,

208

brewing 91, 101, 104, 106, 183, 187-90, 213, 223 Allgemeineh Burgerlicheh Gesetzbuch

(Austrian national law code of 1811) 217

Allgemeineh Landrecht (Prussian na­tional law code of 1794) 217 amercements 74, 78, 96, 107-8 Anglo-Irish 54, 59-60, 65-7, 69

Anglo-Irish areas 55, 57-8, 68

Anglo-Irish women 55, 63, 67-9 annuities 163, 169-70, 201

hereditary 159, 164, 169 arbitration 115-16, 169, 171 Arboga (Sweden) 34, 38-9, 44 Armagh diocese 68 armourers 197 arrest 82-3 assault 7, 72-3, 77-84, 86-9, 96-7 assets see property Austrian Law 216-17

Badbury 105 Bailey, Joanne 134, 136, 148, 153, 179, 192

Baker, Sir John Hamilton 140, 142 bakers 101, 104, 208, 210, 230, 238 Balfour, James 177-8, 182 Bardsley, Sandy 84, 87 battery see assault Batzen (German monetary

unit) 230-1 beer see ale Black Death 4, 84, 101-2, 122, 136 Blackstone, Sir William 2, 4, 118,

120, 131 blood 79-80, 83 borough (burgh) 73, 136-7, 146, 149,

154, 173-90 boundary beaters 104 Bracton, Henry de 5, 109 Brandon, Suffolk 96, 100, 105, 111­

Brehon law 7-8, 53 Brekespear, Nikolaus, Cardinal (later

Pope Hadrian IV) 13 bride (see also, marriage) 6, 13-14, 58-9, 116, 118, 131 bride-price 59 brothers (rights, in relation to wom­en) 13, 16-17, 22, 33, 50, 61 Brussels 160 brwdyr gyfaddef 78 business see commerce butchers 196, 205, 230-1 Butler, Sara 76

Cambridge 196 cet muintir 56 Chancery 116, 124-5, 146-7, 149-50,

152

court of court, Chancery petitions and petitioners 124-5, 146-50, 152, 220-1 charters 13, 20-2, 28, 109 chattels see property, movable chieftains (Irish) 61-2, 67 children 14-18, 21, 23-4, 29, 35-7, 39, 41-2, 46, 55-7, 65, 68-70, 95, 161,

170, 204-5, 210 chirographes 158

Christopher III (King of Sweden) 41 church (see also, court, church) 4, 6, 12, 16, 33, 36, 41-2, 53-4, 56-8, 61, 213, 226, 230 citizenship 219 city see towns clerics 76, 171 clerks 74, 77, 155-6, 158, 160, 162-9,

171, 175-6, 236 Clogher diocese 68

cloth 173-4, 181, 183-5, 231, 233 clothing 9, 13-14, 24, 49, 134, 141, 143, 145, 148, 180, 183, 196, 210 coibche (bride-price) 59-60 College of Justice 177-8 commerce 6, 35, 133-6, 141-3, 145­50, 152-4, 160, 165-7, 175, 177-9, 184-5, 190, 204-5, 218-20, 223-4,

235-6

communities 3, 22, 32, 42, 47, 51,

78, 87, 98, 103, 108, 110-12, 141, 174-5, 187-8, 236-8 community assemblies (Vogt-Rug-

Gerichte) 219, 228, 233, 236 community citizenship 219, 228, 233,

235-6, 238 community property see property,

communal

compensation 7, 42, 46, 79-80, 83-4,

88, 117, 126-7, 170 concord (licence to agree) 75, 79-80 concubines 56-7, 69 conjugal debt 41, 49 conjugal property 14-15, 18, 20, 22,

227

consent 12, 20, 23-4, 26, 33, 35-8, 50,

54-5, 62, 76, 94, 151-4, 160, 162­

6, 168-70, 177-8 contracts 5, 7, 9, 12, 26-8, 57, 59-60,

94, 133-46, 150, 152-4, 157-8,

160, 162, 175-6, 218 coopwijf (openbare coopwijf) 160,

163, 172 countergift see marriage, countergift courts 234

aldermen’s 156, 162

baillie 177, 180, 182 borough and town 34-5, 38, 41,

45, 73, 81, 121, 146

Chancery 124, 146-7 church (ecclesiastical courts) 6,

31, 44, 47-8, 51, 58, 66, 84, 191-211, 214, 220-1, 223, 226,

228, 234, 236-8

common law (England) 115-31, 137-46, 154

Common Pleas 7, 115-31, 137, 139-41, 153

community (Germany) 221, 225, 227-9, 233-4, 237

district (Sweden / Germany) 37,

229, 233

Dyffryn Clwyd (Wales) 73, 78-9, 81, 83-4, 86-8

General Eyre 139 halimot 97, 103 King's Bench 7, 116, 124, 137, 143-4, 153-4

leet 97, 104

London Husting 123

London Sheriffs' 147

London's Mayor's 146 manorial 92, 94-7, 102-4, 106, 109, 111

records / rolls 9, 40, 48, 71-89, 91­2, 96-7, 99, 106, 112, 115-31, 136, 173-5, 220

Scottish burgh 173-90 scribes see clerks

coverture (unity of person) 1-2, 7-10, 72-3, 75-80, 82, 85-9, 92, 94-5, 117-18, 120-1, 130-1, 133-41, 177-9, 181-3, 192-6, 198-200

craftwork 101, 149-50, 204, 207, 214, 218, 220, 222-3, 226, 229-32, 236, 239

credit

(loans / debt) 34-5, 104, 115-19, 122-3, 127, 129-31, 133, 138­45, 150-2, 154-5, 157-8, 160-2, 166-90, 192-4, 197-201, 233-4

contract 167-8, 171, 173, 175, 177, 181, 190

creditors and debtors 123, 125, 130, 133-54, 155-6, 161, 170-3, 173-90

married women's debts 129, 138, 150, 152, 154, 178 husband's 134-5, 179 litigation (see also, litigation) 115, 117, 119-21, 125, 128-9, 131, 140, 151, 173-5, 177-84, 190 monastic debt 141-2

crime 2, 7-8, 32, 39-40, 43, 46-7, 49­50, 71, 71-89, 175

criminal presentments see present­ments

cura maritalis 216

cura sexus 216

custom (regarding wives) 7, 67-8, 97,

100, 149, 151, 158-9, 171

customary law 2, 7-8, 146-9, 156-7,

159, 161, 172, 178, 182

of London 146-9

custumals 5

damages 80, 83, 86-8, 107, 126-7, 143, 147, 236

daughters 13, 16-17, 21, 33, 62, 67, 155, 159, 169-70, 175, 222, 228, 231

death 10, 14, 17-18, 24-5, 28, 33, 44­7, 55, 58, 61, 64-5, 67, 95, 109-10, 152, 178-9

debt see credit (loans)

decreets 173-5, 180-1, 187

Desbrisay, Gordon 177, 180, 182 Desmond

Katherine of 59, 63

lord / Earl of 59, 63

detinue 117, 119-20, 123, 125, 127, 129, 131

divorce (see also, separation) 1, 9, 48­

9, 60, 69, 71, 75, 178

Donahue Jr, Charles 3, 31, 121

Douai 160, 172

dower 3, 44, 49, 54, 58, 64-5, 67, 94, 119, 161

dowry 12-15, 17, 20-4, 26, 28, 33, 36,

40-1, 44, 58-60, 64, 159, 201 Dublin 65, 174

Dyffryn Clwyd

Court Roll Database 73

courts of 73, 78-9, 81, 83-4, 86-8 Dyffryn Clwyd (Wales) 72-3, 75-7, 83-5, 87

Ebhausen (Germany) 220-2, 224, 227-8, 237

ecclesiastical courts see courts, church Edinburgh 173-6, 180, 182, 184-5, 187-90

Edward II 138-40

Ehevogt (husband as legal overseer of wife) 225

Eintrag (see also, guilds) 238

English common law 2, 4, 53, 57-8, 60-1, 63-7, 78, 92, 94-5, 106, 109, 118-21, 123-5, 136-8, 146-8, 151-4

Erickson, Amy Louise 192 estate 7, 20, 24-5, 38-9, 44, 47, 63-4, 123, 126, 141, 145, 161, 169-70, 172, 195, 197-201

executors 118, 123, 129-30, 139, 170

famine 37, 50

felag (see also, property, commu­nal) 22-5

femme couverte (see also, coverture / coopwijf 7, 136, 143

femme sole 2, 118, 120, 136-7, 146-7, 149-51, 153-4, 160, 178

fiefs 159, 161, 169-70

fines 42-3, 46, 50, 73, 78, 80-3, 85-8, 220, 238

Finn, Margot 134, 179

fosterage 60

Fountains Abbey 140-1

Fourth Lateran Council 13, 19

France 3, 217

French Law 216-17 Franco-Belgian region 3, 31, 48, 51 Frostathings law 12-14, 16, 19-20, 23-4

Gaelic

areas 56, 58-9, 62, 66-7 Ireland 7, 55, 58-61, 64-5

Irish 8, 53, 55-9, 61-3, 65-8 law 55-7, 60, 66-7, 69 women 59-61, 64-9

gambling 38, 233-4

gender (as construct) 7, 16-17, 92, 94, 98

gentry / gentlemen / gentlewom­en 124-5, 197, 202-4

Germany 1, 38, 186, 213-39 national law-code, Landrecht (see also Wurttemberg) 215, 224, 226,

Geschlechtsvormundschaft: (see also,

guardianship) 6, 214-15, 217,

225, 227

Ghent 1, 5, 8-9, 155-72 gifts (see also, countergift) 11, 22, 49,

59, 108-9, 142, 144 Glastonbury Abbey 101, 103, 107,

110-11

Golden Age (of women) 93, 113, 136 gossip (as crime) 84-5, 96 guardianship (gender guardian­

ship) 2, 6, 8, 15, 18, 35, 37, 55,

94, 133, 164-5, 214-18, 224-9, 233, 235, 239

guilds 190, 213-14, 218-19, 222-3,

228, 230-3, 235-6, 238 Gulathings law 12-14, 16-21, 23-4 Gulden (German monetary

unit) 224, 229, 233, 236

Haddington (Scotland) 173-6, 180,

182-4, 188, 190

Hadrian IV 13

Hakon V Magnusson, duke / king 24 Hakon VI Magnusson, king 24 Hatcher, John 101

Hawkes, Emma 124-6 Heacham, Norfolk 91, 104, 106-8,

110

Hebamme (see also, midwife) 223,

237-8

heirs (see also, inheritance (succes­sion)) 10, 14-16, 18, 20, 23-5,

28-9, 33-4, 36-7, 42, 47-8, 50, 58,

61, 64, 161, 170

Henry VII 142 historiography 1, 3, 71, 92-3, 100,

120-1, 123, 136, 158, 213, 221 Holy Roman Empire see Germany homicide (murder) 10, 45-7, 50, 234 house, public see taverns (inn) household

conjugal 1, 9, 34-6, 44-6, 76-7, 97­8, 102-3, 143, 145-6, 149-50, 153-4, 161-2, 183-4, 189-90, 220-1, 227-8

economy 192, 204-5, 234

hue and cry 96, 107 husbandmen 133, 198-9, 202-4

Iceland 15, 19, 27 industrial activities see craftwork inheritance (succession) 3, 11, 13-19,

21-3, 25-7, 32-4, 36-8, 43-4, 50,

57, 97, 110, 159, 161, 169, 172 gradual principle 15, 17 parentela principle 15

inn see taverns

Ireland ix, 1, 7-8, 53-5, 57-70

Irish law see Gaelic, law

Irish women 53-70

intermarriage 53, 65-9

Ives, Eric William 137

joint property ownership see prop­erty, communal (community property)

jointure 22-8, 29, 54, 58, 64, 67, 119 bipartite 25-7

Joncvrouw 164, 167, 169

Jonkoping (Sweden) 44 jury 46-7, 67, 82, 115-16, 126, 147 justices

common law 115, 118, 122, 140, 144-5, 148, 152-4

Fyneux, Chief Justice 143-5, 148

Martin, Justice 134, 140

Newton, Chief Justice 142

Spelman, Justice 144

Kalmar (Sweden) 41

Kent 78, 139, 198

Keure, aldermen of 155-8, 160, 162,

171

kin 9, 15-16, 18-19, 21, 30, 34, 55, 57,

61, 65, 228

kin groups 11, 15, 18, 21, 28-30, 32-3

kin relatives 18, 24, 29 Kirchenkonventsprotokolle (see also, court, church) 220, 223

Kittel, Ruth 122

Kleineh Frevel (3 Gluden) 233

Kreuzer (German monetary unit) 230, 234

Kriegsvogt 215, 224-8

labour 98-9, 102, 198, 202-4, 207, 218 labour services (peasant) 97, 99, 102-3, 111

land see property, immovable land market (peasant) 97, 108-10 land transactions / transfers (see also, property, immovable) 35, 50, 55, 94, 106, 108-9, 224

Landrecht 215, 217, 224-6 see also, Wurttemberg, national law-code

Laughton, Sussex 99-100, 111-12 law

of agency 133-4, 136, 145, 153,

179

Austrian 216-17

Allgemeineh Burgerlicheh Ge- setzbuch (Austrian national law code of 1811) 217 Brehon Law 7-8, 53 canon 2, 6, 11, 50, 60, 68 Christopher III (King of Sweden), law code 41

common law (England, Ireland) 2, 4, 53, 57-8, 60-1, 63-7, 78, 92, 94-5, 106, 109, 118-21, 123-5, 136-8, 146-8, 151-4 customary 2, 7-8, 93, 96, 116, 118, 146-9, 156-7, 159, 161, 172, 178,182

equity 116, 124, 134, 146

French 216-17

Frostathings Law 12-14, 16, 19­

20, 23-4

Gaelic 55-7, 60, 66-7, 69 German national law code, Lan­drecht 215, 224, 226

Gulathings Law 12-14, 16-21, 23-4

Magnus Eriksson, town law and law of the realm 32

Magnus VI Haakonsson the Law­Mender (King of Norway

1263-1280) 5, 11, 16

of necessaries 133-53, 179, 183

Norwegian

national law code 7, 11, 13-14, 16-23, 25-6

provincial law 11-15, 17, 21-4

Prussian 217

Allgemeineh Landrecht (Prus­sian national law code of 1794) 217

Saxon law 217

secular 6, 45, 48

Swedish law 31-2, 36, 41-3, 45, 50

Wurttemberg, national law code 214-15, 217-21, 224-6, 228-31, 235

The Laws Respecting Women 134-5,

152

lawsuits see litigation

legal systems (see also, law) 8, 53, 75, 146, 213, 215, 217, 227, 229, 231

legal treatises 5, 134, 137 legitimacy 15, 18-19, 47, 54 Liber Albus 149-50

Lincoln 128

Lincolnshire vii, 127-9

Linkoping (Sweden) 40, 48, 50 Linlithgow (Scotland) 173-6, 180, 182-3, 190

litigation 3, 6-7, 10, 32, 47, 51, 72-4, 76-85, 88-9, 96, 106, 109, 115-31, 136-7, 142, 169

defamation 72-3, 84-9, 97 disseisin 117, 119, 125-7, 144-5 land disputes 109, 120-1, 124, 126-9, 131

trespass 96-7, 104, 107, 116-17, 126-7, 143, 150

illegal entry 126-7 loans see credit

Lodinsson, Ivar (magnate) 20 London 4, 8-9, 115, 117-18, 120-2, 127-9, 133, 135, 149, 151-4, 201­2, 205, 208-9

Longbridge Deverill, Wiltshire 99, 103, 107, 111

lordship 72, 91, 94-9, 103, 108, 111­13

Magnus Eriksson, Town Law and Law of the Realm 32

Magnus VI Haakonsson the Law­Mender (King of Norway 1263­1280) 5, 11, 16

Maitland, Frederick William 2-3, 138 malt 38, 183-4, 186

Manby v. Scott 134 manorial accounts 96

manors 33, 59, 63-4, 91-113, 126 Marcher lordships 71-2 marital property, communal see property, communal (community property)

marital status 93, 105, 166, 168, 171, 175, 188, 194-5, 199-200, 213 marriage

clandestine 54, 57

contracts / settlements (see also, jointure) 18-19, 23, 26, 29, 33, 51, 56, 58-9, 125, 161, 172, 174,191

countergift 12-14, 17, 20-1 dissolution of see divorce morning gift 33, 36, 44, 46-7, 49-50

re-marriage 93, 111, 131 McIntosh, Marjorie 146 medicine 9, 134, 148, 237-8 merchants 59, 160, 178-9, 182, 185-6, 190, 201-2, 223, 235

midwife 204, 223, 237-8 money (see also, credit) 19, 21, 33, 43-4, 49, 75, 91, 139-40, 147, 156, 168-9, 175, 180-1, 183-4, 187, 189-90

Monkton Deverill, Wiltshire 99, 103­4, 107, 110

Moreton, Charles 125 murder see homicide

necessities (see also, law, of necessar­ies) 5, 133-7, 140-1, 144-5, 148,

152-3, 179, 183, 190, 196, 198 Nidaros (arch-diocese, Norway) 13 Norway 1, 5, 9, 12-30

National law code 21-3, 25-6 Norwich 8, 151-2, 154, 174 Nykoping (Sweden) 45

O' Donnell

Niall 61-2

Turlough 56

O' Neill, Donal 61-2 Ormond, earl of 59, 63-4

Patent (legal permit) 233 paternity 42 plea roll see court, records / rolls pleas see litigation pledges see sureties poverty 37-8, 42, 108, 195, 198, 204 Practicks, Balfour’s 177 presentments 10, 77-8, 81-9, 105 production 94, 97-8, 113, 166, 187-8 property

alienation 37, 50 allodial 18-19, 21-2, 26, 28-30 communal (community prop­erty) 1, 3, 9-10, 15, 18, 22-9, 31-2, 34, 46, 48-51, 60, 155, 159-61, 163, 168-72, 192 division of (see also, inherit­ance) 26, 28, 48, 50, 95, 169 immovable (land) 8-10, 19-22, 26­9, 33-4, 37-8, 43, 54-5, 61-4, 67-8, 99, 108-12, 116-17, 119, 123-9, 159-60, 227-30 jointure see jointure moveable (chattles) 9, 32-3, 37-8, 41, 43, 48, 94, 118-19, 123, 135, 159, 169, 191, 194 ownership of 71, 76, 134, 162, 166, 168, 171

personal 43, 155-6, 159-61, 163, 169-70

property (assets) 1-3, 9-11, 15-45, 47-51, 55-6, 59-62, 67-8, 74-6, 118-20, 126-7, 155-7, 159-65,

167-8, 170-2, 191-2, 227-9 property devolution see inheritance

(succession) proto-industry see craftwork provincial law (Norway) 11-15, 17,

21-4

Prussian Law 215, 217

rape 74, 76-7 registers (of Ghent) 155, 157-8, 162­

6, 168 rents 63-4, 98-9, 103, 111, 182, 189 Ruthin (Wales) 73, 76-7, 85

Sander Thomson, Karen 177, 179-80,

182

Saxon law 217

scolds 84-7

Scotland 9, 173-90 separation (see also, divorce) 31-2,

38, 48-51, 172

judicial 10, 31-2, 41, 48, 50 servants 36, 77, 98, 142, 175-6, 186,

188-9, 203, 228

sex, treatment by 21, 80, 92-3, 99­

100, 213, 218, 231 sexuality 41-2, 219-20 Shahar, Shulamith 93 shrews 84-5, 87 silk / silkwomen 101, 148-50, 152-3,

209

single women see unmarried women social capital 219 statute, breach of 116

Statute of Labourers 101-3

Statute of Uses 64

Statutes of Kilkenny 66 Stockholm 35, 38-9, 42-6, 48 succession see inheritance sureties (pledges) 48, 59, 61, 77, 81,

85-6, 88, 106, 155-6, 160, 162, 178, 182

Sussex 99, 111-12

Sweden 1, 3, 9, 31-51

Swedish law 31-2, 36, 41-3, 45, 50 taverns (inn / public house) 186, 205, 208, 210, 223

tenants 7, 61, 87, 96-100, 102, 106, 108, 110-12, 174

testaments 177, 185 testimony 26, 28, 170-1 theft 41-2, 49, 95, 97

Tirconnel 56

tithing 95-6, 107

towns 32-4, 37-8, 43-4, 46, 48-9, 85­7, 101, 157, 160, 165, 167, 172-4, 215, 219-20, 230

Townshends 124-5

trade see commerce

traditions 53, 65, 67, 69, 158

Turku (Finland) 39

unity of person see coverture unmarried women 3-4, 53, 72, 74,

76-8, 80-1, 83-8, 93-4, 115, 118, 129-30, 147, 149, 202, 204, 217 independent 221, 228, 231

Valdres valley (Norway) 20 violence (see also, assault, homicide, rape) 46, 76, 79, 234

Vormundschaft (see also, guardian­ship) 214-18, 224-5, 227

Wales 8, 71-88

Walsham le Willows, Suffolk 102-3 war 9, 37, 59, 61, 168, 215 waste, actions of 126-8

Wehemutter (see also, midwife) 223, 237-8

widowers 110, 161, 168, 170, 222 widows 2-3, 20-2, 33-4, 45-7, 64-5, 105-6, 110, 161, 168-72, 175-6, 179-80, 182-4, 186-8, 204, 220-2, 225-6

Wildberg

church court of 221, 226, 236, 238 community court of 224, 226

Wildberg (Germany) 220-2, 232-3, 235, 238

wills see testaments

Wiltshire 103, 105-6, 112, 196 wine 174, 183-6, 236

witnesses 12, 20, 28, 45, 47, 54, 57, 59, 148, 157, 166, 170-1, 191-211, 229

worsted-weaving 222-3, 230-5, 238

Wright, Susan 125

Wurttemberg 214-15, 217-21, 224-6, 228-31, 235

national law code 215, 219, 224, 231

year books 134-5, 137-40, 146, 152 reports 137-42, 144

yeomen 202-4

York 128, 194

Yorkshire 124-5, 127-9, 197