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Bibliography

Primary Sources

Parliamentary Material

Acts of Parliament

Australian

New South Wales, no. 17 of 1883, An Act to Consolidate and Amend in Certain Respects the Criminal Law.

New South Wales, no. 40 of 1853, AnAct to Regulate the Execution of Criminals. New South Wales, no. 2 of 1837, Imperial Acts Adoption Act.

New South Wales, no. 24 of 1835, An Act to Provide for the Conveyance and Postage of Letters.

New South Wales, no. 3 of 1832, Offenders Punishment and Justices Summary Jurisdiction.

Queensland, no. 13 of 1865—1866, Criminal Consolidation Act.

SouthAustralia, no. 96 of 1971, CriminalLaw ConsolidationAmendmentAct.

SouthAustralia, no. 2252 of 1935, CriminalLaw ConsolidationAct.

South Australia, no. 532 of 1891, An Act to Amend �The Northern Territory JusticeAct, 1875’.

© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive 227

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SouthAustralia, no. 38 of 1876, CriminalLaw ConsolidationAct.

South Australia, no. 35 of 1872, Juvenile Offenders Act.

South Australia, no. 1 of 1861, Act to Amend an Act, no. 23 of 22nd Victoria, Intituled An Act to Regulate the Execution of Criminals’.

South Australia, no. 23 of 1858, Act to Regulate the Execution of Criminals.

Tasmania, no. 69 of 1924, The Criminal Code Act.

Tasmania, no. 16 of 1885, The Defence Act.

Tasmania, no. 6 of 1875, An Act for the More Effectual Punishment of Juvenile Offenders.

Tasmania, no. 5 of 1863, An Act to Consolidate and Amend the Legislative Enactments Relating to Offences Against the Person.

Tasmania, no. 2 of 1855, An Act to Regulate the Execution of Criminals.

Tasmania, no. 1 of 1845, An Act to Remove Doubts in Certain Cases of Arson.

Tasmania, no. 5 of 1840, An Act to Amend the Laws of This Colony Relating to Robbery and Stealing from the Person.

Tasmania, no. 14 of 1838, An Act for the More Perfect Constitution of Courts of General Quarter Sessions and to Provide for the More Effectual Punishment and Control of Transported and Other Offenders.

Tasmania, no. 1 of 1837, An Act for Extending to This Colony Sundry Statutes Passed for the Amendment of the Criminal Law.

Tasmania, no. 17 of 1836, An Act for the Prevention of Sheep and Cattle Stealing, and for Abolishing the Punishment of Death in Such Cases.

Tasmania, no. 2 of 1835, An Act to Consolidate and Amend Certain of the Laws Relating to the Courts of General Quarter Sessions and to the More Effectual Punishment and Control of Transported and Other Offenders.

Tasmania, no. 6 of 1834, An Act to Extend to Van Diemens Land Certain Statutes Passed in England for Amending the Laws Relating to Forgeries—To Embezzlements by Public Officers—And to Offences Against the Coin—And for Abolishing Capital Punishments in Certain Cases.

Victoria, no. 1079 of 1890, The Crimes Act.

Victoria, no. 951 of 1887, The Juvenile Offenders Act.

Victoria, no. 44 of 1854, An Act to Regulate the Execution of Criminals.

Western Australia, no. 27 of 1952, Criminal Code Amendment Act.

Western Australia, no. 28 of 1913, Criminal Code Act Compilation Act.

Western Australia, no. 14 of 1902, The Criminal Code of Western Australia.

Western Australia, no. 1 of 1875, An Act to Amend �The Capital Punishment Amendment Act, 1871’.

Western Australia, no. 15 of 1871, An Act to Provide for Carrying Out of Capital Punishment Within Prisons.

Western Australia, no. 9 of 1868, An Ordinance to Make Better Provision for the Suppression of Violent Crimes committed by Convicts.

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International

Canada, Chapter 29 of 1869, An Act Respecting Procedure in Criminal Cases, and Other Matters Relating to Criminal Law.

Cape of Good Hope, no. 3 of 1869, For Regulating the Execution of Capital Punishment.

New Zealand, no. 10 of 1858, Act to Regulate the Execution of Criminals. United Kingdom, Chapter 24 of 1868, CapitalPunishmentAmendmentAct. United Kingdom, Chapter 59 of 1850, An Act for the Better Government of Her Majesty’s Australian Colonies.

United Kingdom, Chapter 56 of 1841, An Act for Taking Away the Punish­ment of Death in Certain Cases, and Substituting Other Punishments in Lieu Thereof.

United Kingdom, Chapter 26 of 1834, An Act to Abolish the Practice of Hanging the Bodies of Criminals in Chains.

United Kingdom, Chapter 62 of 1832, An Act for Abolishing the Punishment of Death in Certain Cases, and Substituting a Lesser Punishment in Lieu Thereof.

United Kingdom, Chapter 48 of 1823, An Act for Enabling Courts to Abstain from Pronouncing Sentence of Death in Certain Capital Felonies.

Parliamentary Debates

Australian

New South Wales Parliamentary Hansard (NSWPH), Legislative Assembly, 30 August 1898; 21 October 1896; 7 July 1896; 9 June 1896; 14 September 1882.

Queensland Parliamentary Debates, 2 August 1865.

South Australian Parliamentary Debates (SAPD), House of Assembly, 3 July 1895; 26 September 1894; 18 November 1891; 23 August 1891; 12 August 1891; 11 June 1891; 28 May 1861; 7 October 1858; 21 September 1858.

Victorian Hansard, Legislative Council, 2 September 1890; 16 October 1879; 7 December 1876; 16 January 1862; 31 October 1861; 19 March 1861.

Western Australian Parliamentary Debates, Legislative Assembly, 19 December 1870.

International

Canadian Parliamentary Debates, House of Commons, 28 April 1869; 13 December 1867.

Parliamentary Papers, Reports, Votes and Proceedings

Australian

NewSouthWalesParliament, Sessional Papers, 1896; 1869.

NewSouthWalesParliament, VotesandProceedings, 1900; 1899; 1898; 1896; 1895; 1890; 1889; 1870-1871; 1861; 1859; 1853.

Tasmania, �Gaol Discipline: Report from the Select Committee, with Minutes of Proceedings and Evidence’, Tasmanian Parliamentary Papers, no. 177 of 1884.

Tasmania, Journals of the Tasmanian House of Assembly, 1876.

Victorian, �Execution of Criminals, Report of the Sheriff, Relative to Recent Executions at Her Majesty’s Gaol, Melbourne’, Victorian Parliamentary Papers, no. 32 of 1858.

Victorian, �Execution of Criminals’, Victorian Parliamentary Papers, B-no. 7 of 1854.

International

United Kingdom, �Report of the Capital Punishment Commission: Together with the Minutes of Evidence and Appendix’, London: Printed by George E. Eyre and William Spottiswoode, 1866.

Unpublished Colonial Material

Art Gallery of South Australia (AGSA)

Frome, E. C., �“Pilgaru”—Two Natives Hung for Murder, September 1840’, WatercolouronPaper, 11.1 × 19cm, AGSA.

Skipper, John M., �Early Execution, South Australia’, Pencil on Paper, 16.3 × 20.1 cm, c.1840, AGSA, 367D3.

Skipper, John M., �Execution of George Hughes and Henry Curran, Adelaide, 16 March 1840’, Pencil on Card, 15.0 × 20.1 cm, 1840, AGSA, 367D4.

Skipper, John M., �Execution of Joseph Stagg, Adelaide, 18 November 1840, Pen and Brown Ink on Paper, 10.7 × 12.8 cm, 1840, AGSA, 367D5.

National Portrait Gallery of Australia (NPGA)

Kreitmayer, Maximilian L. 1880, �Ned KellyDeath Mask’, Plaster, 28.0 × 21.5 × 18.5 cm, NPGA, LOAN2000.39.

Public Record Office Victoria (PROV)

�Witnesses to Kelly’s Execution, 11 October 1880’, PROV, VPRS 4969/2/78.

Queensland State Archives (QSA)

�Circular from the Secretary of State for the Colonies, with Attached Plan and Section of the Gallows at Newgate Gaol, 28 December 1880’, QSA, Series ID 12690, Item ID 1839168.

�Circular from the Secretary of State for the Colonies, Regarding a Memo­randum on the Practice of Executing Criminals, 27 June 1880’, QSA, Series ID 12690, Item ID 1839167.

�Circulars on Capital Punishment, 27 June 1880 to 28 December 1880’, QSA, Series ID 12690.

�Memorandum upon the Execution of Prisoners by Hanging with a Long Drop, June 1880’, QSA, Series ID 12690, Item ID 1139511.

State Library of South Australia (SLSA)

Cawthorne, William Anderson, �Minutes of the Society for the Abolition of Capital Punishment, 26 September 1844—25 April 1845’, in �Rough Notes on the Manners and Customs of the Natives’, SLSA, PRG 489/3.

Ponder, William David, �Essays’, SLSAArchival Collection, 1879, D 5218 T.

Skipper, John M., �A Sketch of South Australia’s First Execution by John M. Skipper, 1838’, Pencil on Paper, 13 × 18 cm, 1838, SLSA Pictorial Collection, B 7797.

Taylor, John Fogg, �Letter from John Fogg Taylor of Tundemunga, Near Adelaide, 1840, to “John” in Wigan, Lancashire, England, Dated September 1840’, SLSA, D 7310.

State Library of Queensland (SLQ)

�Sketch of Ned Kelly at the Gallows, Melbourne Gaol, 11 November 1888’, Copied and Digitised from an Image Appearing in the Australiasian Sketcher, 20 November 1880, p. 185, John Oxley Library, SLQ, record number: 187795.

State Library of Victoria (SLV)

Liardet, W.F.E., �The First Execution’, Watercolor, Pencil, Pen and Ink, 8.7 × 16.4 cm, 1875, SLV, H28250/14.

Macfarlane, J., �The Executive Council Considering a Death Sentence, 1892’, Print of a Wood Engraving, Melbourne: David Syme and Co., SLV.

State Records Authority of New South Wales (SRNSW)

�Woolloomooloo Gaol, Execution of John Knatchbull', SRNSW, Government Printing Office, Glass Negative 1—21799.

�New South Wales Charter of Justice, Letters Patent, 2 April 1787', SRNSW, SRNSW:X24.

State Records of South Australia (SRSA)

�Despatches Received from the Secretary of State, London, Later Governor General, 1892', SRSA, GRG2/1/52.

�Despatches Received from the Secretary of State, London, Later Governor General, 1905', SRSA, GRG2/1/70.

�Dispatches Received from the Secretary of State, London, Later Governor General, 27 June and 28 December, 1880', SRSA, GRG 2/1/40.

�Execution, Whippings and Commuted Death Sentence Register', SRSA, GRS 2625/1.

Tasmanian Archives (TA)

�Copies of Declaration by Witnesses and Doctors of the Execution of Convicted Persons, 1 January 1856 to 31 December 1946', TA, SC485/1/1.

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Books and Pamphlets (Including Reprints and New Editions)

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Burford, W.H., Lecture on Capital Punishment, Viewed in Its Social, Political, and Scriptural Aspects, Adelaide: William Kyffin Thomas Printer, 1864.

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Capper, Henry, Capper’s South Australia: Containing the History of the Rise, Progress and Present State of the Colony, Hints to Emigrants... Embellished with Three Maps Showing the Maritime Portion of the Located Districts, the... Districts of Adelaide and Encounter Bay, and the City of Adelaide, third edition, London: H. Capper, 1839.

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Cunningham, Peter, Two Years in New South Wales: Comprising Sketches of the Actual State of Society in That Colony, of Its Peculiar Advantages to Emigrants, of Its Topography, Natural History, &c. &c., vol. 2, London: Henry Colburn, 1827.

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Evening News

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Hebrew Standard of Australasia

Morning Chronicle

People's Advocate

Queanbeyan Age

Sydney Chronicle

Sydney Gazette

Sydney Punch

The Armidale Express and New England General Advertiser

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The Bird O’ Freedom

The Bulletin

The Dubbo Liberal and Macquarie Advocate

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The Maitland Mercury and Hunter River General Advertiser

The Riverine Grazier

The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser

The Sydney Herald

The Sydney Monitor

The Sydney Morning Herald

Wagga Wagga Express

Queensland

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Evening Observer

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Adelaide Times

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The South Australian Advertiser

Wallaroo Times

Tasmania

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Hobart Town Gazette and Van Diemens Land Advertiser

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The Courier

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The Mercury

Tribune

Victoria

Bendigo Advertiser

Geelong Advertiser

Melbourne launch

Mercury and Weekly Courier

Mount Alexander Mail

Northam Advertiser

Ovens and Murray Advertiser

Port Phillip Herald

Portland Guardian and Normanby General Advertiser

The Age

The Argus

The Ballarat Star

The Free Lance

The Maffra Spectator

The Port Phillip Gazette

Victorian Government Gazette

Western Australia

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Inquirer

The Australian

The Herald

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Anderson, Kay, Race and the Crisis of Humanism, London: Routledge, 2007.

Anderson, Margaret, �Good Strong Girls: Colonial Women and Work’, in K. Saunders and R. Evans (eds), Gender Relations in Australia: Domination and Negotiation, Sydney: Harcourt BraceJovanovich Publishers, 1992, pp. 225— 245.

Anderson, Steven, �Nineteenth Century Dreams, Twentieth Century Realities: Reframing the Abolition of Capital Punishment in South Australia’, in C. Collins and P Sendziuk (eds), Foundational Fictions in South Australian History, Adelaide: Wakefield Press, 2018, pp. 165—176.

Anderson, Steven, �Punishment as Pacification: The Role of Indigenous Execu­tions on the South Australian Frontier, 1836—1862’, Aboriginal History, vol. 39, 2015, pp. 3-26.

Anderson, Steven, and Paul Sendziuk, �Hang the Convicts: Capital Punishment and the Reaffirmation of South Australia’s Foundation Principles’, Journal of Australian Colonial History, vol. 16, 2014, pp. 83-111.

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Clements, Nicholas, The Black War: Fear, Sex and Resistance in Tasmania, Brisbane: University of Queensland Press, 2014.

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Cobley, John, Sydney Cove 1788, London: Camelot Press Ltd., 1962.

Connors, Libby, �A Hanging, a Hostage Drama and Several Homicides: Why Sovereignty in 1859 Is Problematic’, Queensland History Journal, vol. 20, no. 12, 2009, pp. 716-727.

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Dawson, Christopher, �The Dead Outside the Fence: Burying Executed Pris­oners in Brisbane, 1830—1913’, Queensland History Journal, vol. 20, no. 8, 2008, pp. 351-369.

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Duff, Xavier, Noose: True Stories of Australians Who Died at the Gallows, Melbourne: The Five Mile Press, 2014.

Dunning, Eric, and Stephen Mennell, �Elias on Germany, Nazism and the Holocaust: On the Balance Between “Civilizing” and “Decivilizing” Trends in the Social Development of Western Europe’, British Journal of Sociology, vol. 49, no. 3, 1998, pp. 339-357.

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Evans, Raymond, and Kay Saunders, �No Place Like Home: The Evolution of the Australian Housewife’, in K. Saunders and R. Evans (eds), Gender Relations in Australia: Domination and Negotiation, Sydney: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich Publishers, 1992, pp. 167-175.

Evans, Richard J., �Justice Seen, Justice Done? Abolishing Public Executions in 19th-Century Germany’, History Today, vol. 46, no. 4, 1996.

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Unpublished Theses

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Source: Anderson Steven. A History of Capital Punishment in the Australian Colonies, 1788 to 1900. Palgrave Macmillan,2020. — 279 p.. 2020

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