Introductory
The Roman law of the archaic period was built around a relatively simple system of rules for a community of farmers and large landowners and its scope of application did not extend beyond the boundaries of the city-state of Rome.
Like other primitive systems of law, it was closely bound up with religion and custom and was characterised by its formalism, rigidity and limited field of application. During the later Republic, the expansion of the Roman power in the Mediterranean world and the social and economic changes by which it was accompanied had a profound effect on the character and development of Roman law. By the end of this period the old system of law had partly been abolished or changed in such a way that its scope was extended to meet the needs of a complex and highly sophisticated society. It was in response to changed social, economic and political conditions that Roman law broke through the barrier of formalism, was secularised and internationalised, and from a system that was strictly and often unjustly applied, became a highly developed system marked by its flexibility and adaptability to new and changing conditions. Of great importance for the development of the law were the secular jurists, who appeared on the scene in the second century BC, and the edict of the praetor, through which the notions of equity and good faith were introduced in the application of the law.
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