37 B. DICTIONARIES AND ENCYCLOPEDIAS

1. Dictionaries

The idea of compiling dictionaries of the technical terms of the Roman law traces back to the time when the civil law (ius civile) and the canon law (ius canonicum) were jointly studied (utrumque ius).

55. Brissonius, B. De verborum quae ad ius civile pertinent, significatione, ed. Io. GottL Heineccius (Halle 1743).

The first of the modem dictionaries of legal Latin was

56. Dirksen, H. E. Manuale latinitatis fontium turis dvilis Romanorum (Berlin 1837).

Today everyone uses the last edition of

57 Heumanns Handlexikon zu den Quellen des romischen Rechts, 9th ed. by E. Seckel (Jena 1907, repr. Graz 1958).

For French-speaking students there is

58. Monier, R. Petit vocabulaire de droit romain (4th ed., Paris 1949).

Unfortunately, even the new Oxford Latin-English Dictionary (in progress) does not sufficiently differentiate legal terms to be of much value to the student of Roman law.

The vocabulary of Greek papyrology -and specifically legal papyrology - is adequately presented in

59. Liddell and Scott. Greek-English Lexicon, New edition by Stuart Jones and McKenzie (Cheford 1940).

There are, in addition, dictionaries directed expressly to the exposition of Greek words found in the papyri,

60. Preisigke, F. Fachworter des offentlichen Verwaltungsdienstes Aegyp­tens in den griechischen Papyrusurkunden der ptolemäisch-romischen Zeit (Gottingen 1915).

61. Preisigke, F. (and now E. Kiessling). Worterbuch der griechischen Papyrusurkunden, 4 vols. (in progress) (Berlin 1925-1966). With Supplement, I (1940-1966), ed. W. Rübsam, 1 Lieferung (A-K), 2 Lieferung (Lambda-Omega) (Amsterdam 1969).

2. Encyclopedias

There is one strictly legal encyclopedic dictionary in the field which has speedily gained international recognition - a work wholly researched and compiled in Columbia Law Library.

62. Berger, A. Encyclopedic Dictionary of Roman Law [Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, n.s., vol. 43, part 2] (Philadel­phia 1953).

In addition, there are two encyclopedias of classical antiquity which devote considerable space to entries on Roman legal institutions. The first of these, in French, was completed a half century ago,

63. Daremberg, C. and E. Saglio. Dictionnaire des antiquites Grecques et Romaines, 2d ed. by E. Pottier and G. Lafaye, 5 vols. in 9 (Paris 1877­1918).

The second, in German, is just completing the final volume; the entries on Roman law subjects include some of the outstanding contributions to the held, and in many cases serve as the best starting point for further research,

64. - Pauly’s Realencydopddie der Classischen Altertumswissenschafi, new

cd. by G. Wissowa, W. Kroll, K. Mittclhaus and K. Ziegler. Vols. I­24 (A-Q); vols. 1-9 (R-Z, indicated by adding ‘A’ to the volume numbers); 14 supplementary volumes.

Attention should also be called to an encyclopedia (in progress) on antiquity and Christianity, with a considerable number of entries devoted to Roman legal institutions,

65. Reallexikon for Antike und Christentum, ed. by T. Klausner (and others), vols. I- (Stuttgart 1950-datc).

To a limited extent, entries devoted to Roman law are to be found in

66. Oxford Classical Dictionary, comp, by N.G.L. Hammond and H. H. Scullard (2nd ed., Oxford 1970).

Terms which are met with in inscriptions are thoroughly explored, in

67. Dizionario epigrafico di antichità romane, ed. E. de Ruggiero (and others). Vols. 1-4 (in progress): A-Lopsica (Rome 1895-date).

Two encyclopedias of Italian law (in progress) include numerous entries on Roman legal institutions, with excellent bibliographies for each entry,

68. Novissimo Digesto Italiano, Vol. 1 (Turino 1957-date).

69. Enciclopedia del Diritto, Vol. 1 (Milano 1958-date).

3. Chronological Surveys

In a sense, chronological surveys of Roman statutes (leges), senatorial resolutions (senatus consulta), and imperial enactments (constitutiones) may constitute encyclopedic information valuable for research in Roman Jaw.

The comitial laws of the Republic and early Empire are succinctly de­scribed, with note of the pertinent literature (to 1912), by

70. Rotondi, G. Leges Publiaae Populi Romani (Milano 1912),

with a supplement thereto, ‘Postilla’, published in his collected works, Scrim' Giuridici, vol. 1 (1922) 411-432. The original work has now been photostatically reproduced, with the supplement,

71. Rotondi, G. Leges Publicae Populi Romani (Hildesheim 1962).

The resolutions of the senate have been briefly described, with reference to the pertinent comment in the secondary literature, a prelude to a pro­spective treatise on senatus consulta, by

72. Volterra, E. ‘Senatus Consulta*, NNDI 16 (1969) 1047-78.

C.