Contents
10.1 The Crisis of Classic Absolutism.............................................................................................. 258
10.1.1 A Century of Transformation....................................................................................
25810.1.2 The “Philosophes” and the Kings.............................................................................. 259
10.1.3 Absolutism vs. Despotism......................................................................................... 260
10.2 A New Legitimacy: From Christian to Secular Monarchs....................................................... 260
10.3 Enlightened Reformism or the New Spirit of Absolute Power................................................. 264
10.3.1 The State: From Guardian of Order to Protector, Educator and Reformer.. 264
10.3.2 The “Depatrimonialization” of the Monarchy and the Transformation
of the State................................................................................................................. 267
10.4 Enlightened Absolutism and the “Rule of Law”...................................................................... 270
10.4.1 The Enlightened Monarchs and the Law.................................................................. 270
10.4.2 Frederick II's Sonderweg........................................................................................... 272
10.4.3 The Rationalization of the Legal System.................................................................. 273
10.5 The Expansion of Enlightened Absolutism in Eighteenth Century Europe: The Great
Enlightenment Monarchs............................................................................................................. 274
10.5.1 The Austrian and the Prussian Models and Its Reception in Russia...................... 274
10.5.2 Portugal in the Pombal Era..................................................................................... 276
10.5.3 The Eighteenth Century Revolution in Spain............................................................ 277
10.5.4 The French and British Exceptions............................................................................ 279
References........................................................................................................................................... 281
10.1
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