Concluding note

As was noted before, the legis actio procedure was inflexible and often difficult to apply, especially in later years when lawsuits became more frequent and more complicated. From the middle of the second century BC this form of procedure was gradually superseded by a new and more flexible system, known as the per formulam procedure. Nevertheless, the legis actiones continued to be used until the later part of the first century BC when they were formally abolished under the leges luliae iudiciorum publicorum et privatorum (17-16 BC) of Augustus.^[469]