Notes

1. Vine Deloria, Behind the Trail of Broken Treaties: An Indian Declaration of Independence (New York, Delacorte Press, 1974), pp. 48โ€“60. For an account of these events and the trial, see John William Sayer, Ghost Dancing the Law: The Wounded Knee Trials (Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Press, 1997).

2. New York Times, March 9, 1972, p. 15.

3. Ibid., February 8, 1973, p. 32.

4. Transcript of Trial Proceedings, United States v. Dennis Banks and Russell Means, U.S. District Court, District of South Dakota, Western Division (referred to hereafter as Trial Transcript), Vol. 103, p. 19085.

5. Ibid., p. 19089.

6. Ibid., Vol. 104, p. 19114.

7. New York Times, March 10, 1974, p. 25.

8. Trial Transcript, Vol. 65, pp. 12722โ€“12731.

9. Ibid., Vol. 31, p. 5924.

10. Ibid., Vol. 32, p. 5957.

11. New York Times, March 7, 1973, p. 30; March 12, 1973, p. 1.

12. Ibid., March 18, 1973, p. 42.

13. Ibid., April 30, 1973, p. 14.

14. Judge Fred Nichol, summary of indictment for prospective jurors, Trial Transcript, Vol. 1, pp. 8โ€“15.

15. Ibid., Vol. 21, pp. 3894โ€“3897.

16. Ibid., p. 3911.

17. Ibid.

18. Ibid., p. 3916.

19. Ibid., pp. 3919โ€“3920.

20. Ibid., p. 3922.

21. Ibid., pp. 3933โ€“3936.

22. Ibid., pp. 3938โ€“3939.

23. Ibid., pp. 3942โ€“3948. Banks, in fact, had quoted Judge Nichol correctly, not from a decision but from a January 7 meeting with reporters in which he said a friend had made the comment. Minneapolis Tribune, February 13, 1974, p. 4A.

24. Trial Transcript, Vol. 21, pp. 3958โ€“3962; Minneapolis Tribune, February 13, 1974, pp. 1A, 4A.

25. Minneapolis Tribune, February 13, 1974, p. 1A.

26. Trial Transcript, Vol. 22, pp. 4020โ€“4035.

27. Ibid., Vol. 25, p. 4614.

28. Ibid., Vol. 32, pp. 6064โ€“6109.

29. Ibid., Vol. 65, pp. 12740โ€“12749.

30. Ibid., p.

31. Ibid., pp. 12838โ€“12850.

32. United States v. Banks, 374 F. Supp. 321, at 335 (1974).

33. New York Times, May 4, 1974, p. 9. Judge Nichol signed another order on August 15 concerning the White House tapes. When the dispute arose over whether the government or former president Nixon owned the tapes, Kunstler expressed concern that the relevant tapes might disappear. Nichol signed an order that the White House retain the tapes until it was determined whether they contained conversations bearing on the trial. Ibid., August 16, 1974. p. 34. Judge Nichol said of the order, โ€œI canโ€™t see any harm in signing the simple order that youโ€™re talking about. It may be ineffective.โ€ Trial Transcript, Vol. 103, p. 18912.

34. Trial Transcript, Vol. 102, pp. 18703โ€“18807.

35. Ibid., pp. 18826โ€“18862.

36. Ibid., pp. 18876โ€“18897.

37. Ibid., Vol. 103, pp. 18919โ€“19009.

38. Ibid., pp. 19050โ€“19090.

39. Ibid., Vol. 104, pp. 19218โ€“19231.

40. Minneapolis Tribune, August 17, 1974, p. 4A.

41. Trial Transcript, Vol. 106, pp. 19419โ€“19426.

42. Minneapolis Tribune, August 22, 1974, pp. 1A, 11A.

43. Trial Transcript, Vol. 106, pp. 19472โ€“19473.

44. Minneapolis Tribune, August 23, 1974, pp. 1Α, 9A.

45. Trial Transcript, Vol. 106, pp. 19476-19490.

46. Ibid., pp. 19506-19508.

47. Ibid., Vol. 107, pp. 19698-19709.

48. Minneapolis Tribune, August 24, 1974, pp. 1Α, 4A: August 25, 1974, pp. 1A, 8A, Trial Transcript, Vol. 107, 19701-19714.

49. Minneapolis Tribune, August 23, 1974, pp. 1Α, 9A.

50. Trial Testimony, Vol. 110, pp. 20160-20216; Minneapolis Tribune, August 29, 1974, p. 2B.

51. Trial Transcript, Vol. 110, pp. 20120-20127; Vol. 111A, pp. 20487-20494.

52. Ibid., Vol. 114, pp. 21041-21053. The jury was told the details of the payments of $1990.50 to Moves Camp as follows; $36 per day as a witness, August 8 to 14, plus transportation ($350.50); $32 per day, August 8 to 28, under the government's Witness Security Program for subsistence ($640); $1000 for relocation expenses.

53. Ibid., Vol. 111, pp. 20317-20338. See also Minneapolis Tribune, August 31, 1974, pp. ΙΑ, 5A.

54. Trial Transcript, Vol. 116, pp. 21128-21133, p. 21490.

55. Ibid., Vol. 116. pp. 21312ff, 21342ff.

56. Ibid., Vol. 117, pp. 21421-21422.

57. Ibid., Vol. 116. p. 21311.

58. Ibid., Vol. 117, pp. 21459-21460.

59. Ibid., p. 21560.

60. Ibid.. Vol. 116, pp. 21133-21139, 21151-21152.

61. Ibid., Vol. 117, pp. 21424-21436.

62. Ibid., p. 21434.

63. Ibid., Vol. 116, pp. 21288-21289.

64. Ibid., p. 21148; Vol. 117, p.21531.

65. Ibid., p. 21454.

66. Minneapolis Tribune, September 13, 1974, p. 1A.

67. Ibid., September 14, 1974, p. 1A.

68. Trial Transcript, Vol. 118, pp. 21723-21724.

69. Ibid., pp. 21722-21728.

70. Ibid., pp. 21731-21735.

71. Ibid., pp. 21743-21755.

72. Ibid.. pp. 21755-21765.

73. Minneapolis Tribune, September 17, 1974, pp. 1A, 7A, 10A. In 1980 the Sioux "won" a U.S. Supreme Court case based on the 1868 Treaty and were awarded $106 million. See United States v. Sioux Nation, 448 U.S. 371 (1980). Because they wanted the land, not the money, AIM under the leadership of Bill Means, Russell's brother, occupied an 800-acre campsite in the Black Hills named Camp Yellow Thunder for Raymond Yellow Thunder who had been killed in 1972. See Peter Matthiessen, In the Spirit of Crazy Horse (New York, Viking Press, 1983), Ch. 19. See also Jim Messerschmidt, The Trial of Leonard Peltier (Boston, South End Press, 1983).