Notes

1. Windhoek Advertiser, August 18, 1975, p. 1.

2. Namibia News (September-December 1975), p.6; also Dr. J. L. de Vries (president, Evangelical Lutheran Church of Namibia), interview, November 19, 1975.

3. Terrorism Act, No. 83 of 1967. See Albie Sachs, Justice in South Africa (Berkeley, University of California Press, 1973), pp. 251–253; Anthony Mathews, Law, Order, and Liberty in South Africa (Berkeley, University of California Press, 1972), p. 151 ff; John Dugard, Human Rights and the South African Legal Order (Princeton, Princeton University Press, 1978), pp. 117–121, 253–255, 260– 264. The main provisions of the Terrorism Act are now part of the omnibus Internal Security Act. 1.

4. Terrorism Act, Sect. 6.

5. Ibid., Sec. 2.

6. Ibid., Sec. 8.

7. Proclamation R. 17, Regulations for the Administration of the District of Ovamboland, Republic of South Africa Government Gazette, February 4, 1972.

8. Letter to Prime Minister B. J. Vorster, September 18, 1975.

9. The account of Dean Griswold’s visit is based on his report, “Journal and Report of a trip to South West Africa at the Request of the Lutheran World Federation, November 13–15, 1975” (unpublished report, 1975).

10. Ibid.

11. Ibid.

12. Ibid.

13. Windhoek Advertiser, November 20, 1975, p. 1.

14. Ibid., December 1, 1975, p. 1.

15. Interview with Chris Jansen, Swakopmund, May 12, 1976.

16. South Africa follows the English in having a split bar. A client consults an attorney, du Preez of Lorentz and Bone in this case. Attorneys who cannot appear before the trial court engage generally two advocates for all litigation. Advocates are of two types, Senior Counsel (in England called Queen’s Counsel QC) who wear silk robes, and Junior Counsel. In this case Cooper served as Senior Council and Barker as Junior, although he was older and more experienced than Cooper.

17. Interview with Colin du Preez, conducted by Ralie Deffenbaugh, Windhoek, December 11, 1975.

18. Interview with David Soggot, conducted by Ralie Deffenbaugh, Windhoek, January 14, 1976.

19. Interview with Pastor K. Dumeni, conducted by Ralie Deffenbaugh, Windhoek, February 8, 1976.

20. Trial Record, pp. 334–335.

21. Ibid., pp. 432–440.

22. Ibid., pp. 575–578.

23. Ibid., pp. 614–638; Windhoek Advertiser, March 3, 1976, p. 7.

24. Ibid., pp. 539–557. Cornelius Ndjoba was the chief minister of Ovambo.

25. Ibid., pp. 612–613.

26. Ibid., pp. 803–805.

27. Ibid., pp. 829–872.

28. Ibid., pp. 885–893.

29. Ibid., pp. 903–926.

30. Ibid., pp. 977–978.

31. Ibid., pp. 1038ff.

32. Ibid., p. 1062.

33. Ibid., pp. 1066–1067.

34. Ibid., pp. 1166–1168.

35. Ibid., pp. 1196–1262.

36. Judgment in State v. Mushimba and Others (May 12, 1976), p. 5.

37. Ibid., p. 36.

38. Ibid., p. 48.

39. State v. Hassim and Others, p. 73.

40. Judgment in State v. Mushimba and Others, p. 73.

41. Ibid., pp. 73–74.

42. Ibid., p.2.

43. Quoted by Judge Strydom from State v. Letsoko and Others, 1964 (4) S.A. 768 (AD), in Judgment in State v. Mushimba and Others, p. 93.

44. Windhoek Advertiser, May 14, 1976, p. 5.

45. Sentence in State v. Mushimba and Others, p. 2.

46. Ibid., p. 4.

47. Windhoek Advertiser, May 13, 1976, p. 1.

48. Judgment of Mr. Justice Hart, Aaron Mushimba and Others v. the State, Supreme Court of South Africa, South West Africa Division, June 25, 1976, p. 4.

49. Ibid., p. 2.

50. Ibid., p. 19.

51. Ibid., pp. 20–25; Windhoek Advertiser, June 28, 1976, p. 1.

52. Mushimba and Others v. the State, Supreme Court of South Africa 1977, pp. 1–2.

53. Ibid., p. 3.

54. Ibid., pp. 17–19.

55. Ibid., p. 28.

56. Anthony Lewis, “U.S. Obligated to Ensure Guatemalan Peace,” New York Times, August 8, 1997, A27.

57. Francisco Goldman, “In Guatemala, All is Forgotten,” New York Times, December 18, 1996, A13.

58. Truth and Reconciliation Commission (Rondebosh, South Africa, Justice in Transition, 1994), p.14. See also H. Russel Bothman and Robin M. Peterson, eds., To Remember and Heal: Theological and Psychological Reflections on Truth and Reconciliation (Capetown, Human and Rousseau, 1996).

59. Ibid., pp. 7–9. See also Timothy Garton Ash, “True Confessions,” New York Review of Books, July 17, 1997, pp. 33–38.

60. New York Times, August 27, 1995, p. l; November 30, 1995, p. 6.

61. New York Times, August 22, 1996, p. A5.

62. New York Times, August 23, 1996, p. A6.

63. See Donald Woods, Biko (New York, Paddington, 1978).

64. Minneapolis Star Tribune, April 17, 1996, p. A14.

65. New York Times, October 22, 1996, pp. A1, 16.

66. Minneapolis Star Tribune, July 9, 1997.

67. Minneapolis Star Tribune, August 12, 1997, p. A14.

68. Stephen Taylor, Shaka’s Children: A History of the Zulu People (New York, Harper Collins, 1995), chapters 17–19, p.361.

69. Ibid., p.361. See also Suzanne Daley, “Fears of Shadowy Force Return to South Africa,” New York Times, August 11, 1997, p. A3.