INDEX

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A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

A

abolitionism, 14, 69, 72

Abu Ghraib, 206–7

Acheson, Dean, 195

Acts of Parliament, 56–57

Adams, John, 39, 58, 272

ad hoc rights, 10, 222, 224, 226

Africa, 48, 69, 203, 220

African slave trade, 49

African Union, 209

Albertus Magnus, 31

American Association of Pediatrics, 221

American Bar Association, 167

American exceptionalism, 12, 91, 103, 112, 124

American Law Institute, 133

American lex imperatoria, 175

American Revolution, 45, 59

Amnesty International, 192, 194, 223, 226

Andros, Edmund, 56

Anglo-American alliance, 128

Anthony, Susan B., 66

anti-imperialism, 62, 186–87

anti-Semitism, 157

Antony, Mark, 26

Aquinas, Saint Thomas, 5, 21, 31–34, 37, 44, 59, 111, 121, 149, 178, 236, 238

Arendt, Hannah, 147, 170

Aristotle, 21–22, 31, 33, 42

Armenia, 86–88, 145, 155, 159–60

Asian Americans, 126

Association of Southeast Asian Nations, 209

Atlantic Charter, 107, 122, 125, 128, 130–34, 184, 186, 238

atrocities

defended, 9

greatest, 139

mass, 85

authoritarianism, 1, 187, 229, 234

autocracy, 229, 234

Azikiwe, Nnamdi, 185

B

Barbados, 48, 68–69

Barcelona, 227

Barnett, Richard, 18

Bassiouni, M. Cherif, 204

Beccaria, Cesare, 47

Bengal, 76

Benin, 48

Bensouda, Fatou, 227–228

Bentham, Jeremy, 5, 20

Berle, Adolf, 125

Berlin Wall, 198

Bernays, Murray, 164–67

Bernstein, Eduard, 73

Biden, Joe, 2, 20, 230–31

Bin Laden, Osama, 207, 225

Blackstone, William, 5, 7, 21, 57, 63, 65, 68, 125, 181, 185, 189, 208

Blunt, Wilfrid, 78

Boer War, 62

Bok, Edward, 113

Bolivar, Simon, 63

Bolton, John, 8–9, 207

bomb, first atomic, 185

Bombay, 75–76

Bonaparte, Napoleon, 69, 151–153, 155, 163

Bordas, Jose, 92

Boston, 58, 252, 255, 257–59

Boston Globe, 224

Botswana, 12

Bourbon monarchy, 152

Brazil, 9, 177, 208

Bricker Amendment, 183, 206

Bricker, John W., 182

Brinkley, Douglas, 130

Britain, 67–69, 71–72, 74–76, 83–85, 93, 124, 128–29, 132, 138, 152–53, 156–57, 176, 218, 226, 230

British ius gentium, 59

British Parliament, 76, 85, 196

British slave trade, 68, 71

Brown, Brendan F., 117

Brucken, Rowland, 130

Bryan, William Jennings, 89

Buckley, William F., 193

Buddhists, 192

Bush, George H.

Bush, George W., 204, 207, 211

administration, 206–7

C

Cabral, Amilcar, 186, 262

Cadogan, Alexander, 128

Caesar, Julius, 26

Calas, Jean, 47

Callamard, Agnès, 230

Cambodia, 191, 193–94, 205, 208, 219

Cameron, David, 211

Cameroon, 185

Canada, 12

Caracalla, Emperor, 29

Carter, Jimmy, 194–95, 198, 207

administration, 193–94

declaration, 193

inauguration, 194

Carter Center, 195

Carthage, 162

Cassin, Rene, 176

caste system, 23

Catholic Church, 30–31, 33–35, 38–40, 225

Catholics, 35, 40, 49, 121, 156, 224

Catiline conspiracy, 206

Cato Institute, 223

Cavaliers, 162

Ceylon, 176

Chamberlain, Joseph, 79, 80, 82

Chamberlain, Neville, 214

Chang, Dr. P. C., 177–78, 200

Chaplin, Charlie, 145

Charles I, 51, 53

Chartist movement, 64

Cheney, Dick, 205

Chicago, 132, 255, 257–58

children, 29, 74, 134–35, 218–21, 224

China, 2, 9, 13, 123, 175, 199, 205, 208–9, 217, 222, 230, 241

Christ, 31, 34–35, 89

Christianity, 23–24, 30, 49–50, 66, 71–75, 80, 123, 226

Chung-Shung, 175

Churchill, Winston, 84, 122, 128, 131, 158, 161, 184–85, 234, 239

Church of England, 40

Cicero, Marcus Tullius, 21, 26–34, 37, 40–42, 46, 50, 52, 55, 59, 73, 111, 116, 206, 236, 238

Ciceronian credo, 177

Cilicia, 27

circumcision, 150

civil rights demonstrators, 215

Clay, Henry, 18

Clemenceau, Georges, 89, 97

Clemens, Samuel, 61, 80

Clinton, Bill, 203–204, 207–208

Clinton, Hillary, 212

Clodius, Publius, 27

Coca-Cola, 187, 201

code

holistic, 115

legal, 23

moral, 43, 49, 90

procedural, 77

Code NapolΓ©on, 176

Coke, Sir Edward, Lord Chief Justice, 5, 125, 149, 169

Cold War, 2, 8, 11, 103, 183, 190, 194, 197, 199–200, 209, 215, 230

colonial government, 56–57, 68, 70, 76

Colonial Office, 70–72, 77

colonies, 8, 40, 56–58, 68–72, 85, 186, 202

colonization, 8, 34, 36, 73, 82, 185–86, 209

Columbia University, 111, 157

columnists, fifth, 87

Comintern, 185, 206

comity, 65, 114

Commission on Unalienable Rights, 222–23, 227

common law, 57, 59, 76, 82, 142, 146, 167–69

Common Law of Nations, 154

communism, 11, 67, 196, 199–200, 202, 241

concentration camps, 145, 159

Conestoga Creek, 131

conformity, religious, 40

Confucianism, 22, 177–78

Congo, 85–86, 114, 145, 185

Congregationalism, 40

Congress, US, 42, 100, 105, 109, 122, 126, 129, 131, 134, 138, 140, 182–83, 194–96

Constantinople, 87, 155, 158–59

Constitution, US, 121–125, 137, 164, 182, 188, 224, 237

constitutions, new, 184–86

corruption, 33, 60, 101

Cramer, Myron, 164

Cranston, Samuel, 57

criminality, 145–147, 152–55, 163, 165, 209

Cuba, 95, 216, 219, 223

Czechoslovakia, 156

D

Damascus, 210

Daniels, Josephus, 113

death, civilian, 203

death camps, 146

death marches, 192

death penalty, 47

declaration, modern human rights, 30

Declaration of Human Rights, 14, 126, 133, 271

Declaration of Independence, 11, 59–60, 63, 124, 181

de Lafayette, Marquis, 5

de las Casas, Bartolome, 35, 49, 248

Demosthenes, 21–22, 101, 149

de Robles, Juan, 37

Descartes, Rene, 43

desegregating, 162

desegregation, 99, 162, 183

di Molina, Luis, 34, 44

Dixiecrats, 99, 126, 131–32

Dodd, Thomas J., 171

Douglas, Helen Gahagan, 105

Dulles, John Foster, 121–22, 124, 183

Dumbarton Oaks, 132, 135

Duterte, Rodrigo, 217, 219

E

Eden, Anthony, 147

Eichmann, Adolf, 147, 170

Eisenhower, Dwight, 2, 121, 182

Engels, Friedrich, 64–65, 67, 80

England, 38, 40, 49, 57, 63–64, 67–68, 73, 185, 238

medieval, 115

nineteenth-century, 65

English Civil War, 51, 56

English common law, 124

English jurisprudence, 58

English Levellers, 45

Enlightenment, 48, 55, 63, 65, 92, 177, 241

Erdogan, Recep, 215, 218, 235

Eritrea, 221

Ethiopia, 103

European civil codes, 125

European economies, 48

European imperialism, 241

execution

arbitrary, 92

mass, 43

exile, 54, 114, 156

F

Falklands War, 196

fascism, 10, 120, 229

Faulkner, William, 231

Final Solution, 163

First World War, 114, 166

Floyd, George, 3

Ford, Gerald, 191

Foreign Bible Society, 72

Foucault, Michel, 3, 21, 246

France, 12, 69, 93, 96, 135, 152–53, 156, 185, 203, 210, 217–18

G

G-8 summits, 11

Gandhi, Mohandas, 78, 175, 185

General Assembly, 135, 174, 178, 180, 183, 216

genocide, 14, 84, 87–88, 159, 192–93, 200, 203, 208, 246, 263, 274

George, David Lloyd, 97, 154

German law, 150

German war crimes tribunals, 88

Gettysburg Address, 124

Ghana, 185

GLAAD, 223

Glendon, Mary Ann, 224

Globalization, 209

Gnaeus Pompeius.

God, law of, 39, 57

Goddard, Paulette, 105

Goebbels, Joseph, 148, 158

Goering, Hermann, 145–46, 149, 158, 207

Gowan, Richard, 231

Gratian’s Decretum, 30, 33–34

Graves, Robert, 213, 264

Great Britain, 57, 84, 87, 93, 154

Great Depression, 114, 234

Great War, 84, 86, 93–96, 108

Grotian philosophy, 46, 59, 193

Grotius, Hugo, 5, 37, 42–46, 48, 51, 58, 65, 67, 90, 168, 177, 181, 208, 225, 236

argument, 44

concept of liberty, 45

definition of liberty, 51

definition of right, 45

erstwhile employers, 48

Guilhot, Nicolas, 197

H

Hackworth, Green, 125, 129

Hague Convention, 155

Haley, Nikki, 216, 218, 232

Harding, Warren G., 101–3

Harvard University, 157, 274

Havana, 167

Hay, Douglas, 65

hegemony

global, 202

moral, 95

unchallenged, 199

Hegseth, Pete, 19

Helsinki Accords, 194

Herero people, 80

High Commissioner for Human Rights, 221

Himmler, Heinrich, 148, 158, 166

Hitler, Adolf, 88, 145, 148, 150–51, 158–59, 165–66

Ho Chi Minh, 184–86

Hobbes, Thomas, 21, 51–54

Holmes, Oliver Wendell, 167

Holocaust, 143, 159, 162–63, 239–40

Holy Roman Empire, 153

homosexual acts, 210

homosexuality, 205, 209–210, 225

Hong Kong, 220

Hookers for Jesus, 219

Hoover, Herbert, 133

Hopgood, Stephen, 208–9

House, Colonel Edward M., 93–94, 96, 98

Hull, Cordell, 123–27, 131, 137–138, 158

Hunt, Lynn, 47

humanity

crimes against, 84, 114

the laws of, 42, 155

human rights

basic, 11, 15, 103, 109, 175, 182

the drama of, 194

individual, 186

protecting, 129

traditional, 225

universal declaration of, 8, 11, 13, 23, 107, 135, 140, 174, 178, 181, 185, 188–89, 221, 226

worldwide, 141

Human Rights Commission, 107, 130, 133, 135, 174–76, 180, 187, 197

Human Rights Committee, 179

Human Rights Council, 9, 216, 221, 230, 232

Human Rights Watch, 196, 204, 226

human trafficking, 99

Humphrey, John P., 177–78

Hungary, 9, 156, 218, 220, 234–35

Hussein, Saddam, 205

I

Ignatieff, Michael, 202

Ikenberry, John, 206

ILO (International Labor Organization), 108

imperialism, 36, 63, 72, 81–82, 92, 123, 241–42

India, 71, 76, 78–79, 134, 175–76, 184, 220

Indian Civil Service Act, 77

Indian Constitution, 184

Indian Law Commission, 76

India’s caste system, 79

indigenous populations, 35, 48, 71

individualism, 176, 185

Ingraham, Laura, 220

Inter-American Conference, 133

Inter-American Human Rights Commission, 216–17, 231

International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), 183

International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR), 183

International Criminal Court, 14, 87, 204, 207, 227, 240

International Criminal Tribunal, 204, 242

International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda, 203

International Crisis Group, 231

international human rights violations, 220

International Labor Organization (ILO), 108, 254, 268

International Monetary Fund, 103

International Security Organization, 132

Iowa, 115

Iran, 9, 195, 215, 217, 219, 221, 223

Iraq War, 208

Iron Duke.

Islam, 23–24, 30, 247

teachings of, 25, 185, 261

isolationism, 2, 110, 138, 140, 181–82, 198, 216, 229–30

J

Jackson, Andrew, 73

Jackson, Robert, 35, 128, 139–140, 143–49, 151, 164, 166–72, 201, 239

address by, 143

James, Lawrence, 74

James I, 227

James II, 53, 170

Japan, occupied, 186

Jefferson, Thomas, 5, 43

Jenkinson, Robert, Lord Liverpool, 152

Jerusalem, 170

Jesson, Henry, 118

Jewish immigration, 157, 162

Jewish question, 160

Jewish refugees, 9, 159

Jews, 18, 38, 40, 86–87, 116, 144, 156–57, 159, 162, 165–66, 192, 227

Jha, Chakradhar, 23

Jinnah, Mohammad Ali, 185

Judeo-Christian worldview, 34, 42, 120, 124, 177

Jus naturale, 236

justice

defined, 42

deserved, 50

global, 199

moral force of, 137, 139

Justice Jackson, See Jackson, Robert

Justinian, Emperor, 33

K

Kabir, Humayun, 75, 186

Kagan, Robert, 219

Kaltenbrunner, Ernst, 145, 207

Kellogg-Briand Pact, 109, 165–66

Kennedy, John F., 243

Key, Francis Scott, 49

Khieu Samphan, 205

Khmer Rouge (KR), 191–93, 203

Khomeini, Ayatollah, 195

Khrushchev, Nikita, 186

killings, 22, 87, 155, 159, 203, 218

mass, 86–87

King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1, 235

King John, 53, 77, 170

Kipling, Rudyard, 62

Kirkpatrick, Jeane, 195

Kirkpatrick doctrine, 195

Kond peoples, 74

KR. See Khmer Rouge

Kurdish militia, 218

L

Lafayette. See de Lafayette, Marquis

Lake Success, 177

Lansing, Robert, 87

Latin America, 63, 92, 179, 220

law

absolute, 4

canonical, 30

civil, 63

constitutional, 63

customary, 51, 57

domestic, 182

federal, 127

fixed, 25

foundational, 204

higher, 242

immutable, 189

positivist, 239

rule of, 11, 116, 164, 170, 181, 212, 215, 218, 223, 234–35

unchanging, 63

Lawrence, James, 74

Lawrence, Sir Geoffrey, Lord Justice, 149, 171

League of Nations, 84, 94, 97–100, 102–3, 105, 108–10, 117, 128–29, 139, 216

Lee Hsien Loong, 212

Leipzig, 88, 146, 154–55, 158, 169

Leopold II, 85–86, 114, 145

Levy, Leonard, 56

LGBTI rights, 219, 223, 225–26

Lindbergh, Charles, 182

Litvak, Anatole, 105

Locke, John, 22, 54–55, 58, 125, 169

Lodge, Henry Cabot, 94, 102

London, 56–57, 68, 72, 78, 156–57, 174, 246–47

London Missionary Society, 72

Long, Breckinridge, 9

Lon Nol, 191–92

Louis XVI, 152

Louis XVIII, 152

Lucretia, 27

Lusitania, 153, 154

Luther, Martin, 39

Luxembourg, 156

lynching, 86

M

Macaulay, Thomas, 238

Macron, Emmanuel, 217

Madagascar solution, 160

Magna Carta, 36, 41, 53, 57, 77, 110, 124–25, 178, 188, 226

Mahabharata, 23

Maisky, Ivan, 157

Malawi tribesman, 146

Malaysia, 19, 42, 199

Malik, Charles, 177

Manchuria, 97, 103

Mansfield, Lord, 68

Mark Antony.

Mark Twain. See Clemens, Samuel

Marquis de Condorcet, 59

Marshall, John, 49

Marsilius of Padua, 34

Marx, Karl, 64–65, 67, 80

Marxist-Leninist dogma, 176

Marxists, 186

Mary, Queen, 53

Massachusetts, 40, 56, 58, 71

Massachusetts Bay Company Charter, 76

Mayflower Compact, 124

McCain, John, 212

Mehta, Hansa, 178, 188

Mencius, 22

Merkel, Angela, 211, 217

Mesoamericans, 34, 36

Methodism, 40

Mexico City, 133

Michelangelo, 36

Michigan, 131

Middle Ages, 42, 124, 218

Milosevic, Slobodan, 203

minorities, disenfranchising, 233

Modi government of India, 220

Molotov, V. M., 131

Montesquieu, Baron de, 47, 55

Morgan, J. Pierpont, 83

Morgenthau, Henry, Jr., 87, 159–65

Morgenthau, Henry, Sr., 159

Morgenthau plan, 160–62, 165–66

Moscow Declaration, 131, 157

Moyn, Samuel, 186, 194

murder, 3, 85, 145, 164, 189

first-degree, 189

mass, 15

ritualized, 74, 146

Museveni, Yoweri, 210

Muslims, 40, 192, 215–16

Mussolini, 158–59

Myanmar, 208, 218, 230

N

Napoleon. See Bonaparte, Napoleon

Napoleonic Code, 63

Napoleonic precedent, 155

Napoleonic Wars, 94

Natal, 78

National Constitution Center, 225

NATO, 9, 216

natural law, 4–5, 15–17, 21–23, 25, 27–37, 41–46, 49–52, 54–60, 107–9, 117, 126–28, 137–41, 153–55, 224–27, 237–43

immutable, 147–48

invoking, 167

modern, 41

old, 184

philosophy, 39, 42, 49, 110, 117, 119, 174, 196

principles, 91, 106, 116, 151, 177, 181, 190, 194, 200

rights, 15–16, 20, 52, 98, 185, 224

trajectory of, 29, 39, 236

universal, 171

Nazi criminality, 156, 159, 163, 165–66, 170

Nazism, 10–11, 87, 114, 116–17, 139, 145–46, 148–49, 150–51, 160–70, 190, 216, 240, 242

Neier, Aryeh, 196, 204

Neoconservatives, 201

neoimperialism, 11–12, 202, 241

Nestorius, 38

New Delhi, 75

New York, 56, 112, 137, 140, 177, 194

New York Times, 2, 87, 117, 215, 217, 219, 223

New Zealand, 71, 98, 134

NGOs, 3, 174, 192, 194–95, 207

Nicaragua, 195, 216

Nicholson, Harold, 149

Nigeria, 185

Nightingale, Florence, 67

Nixon, Richard M., 195

Nkrumah, Kwame, 185–186

Nobel Peace Prize, 225

nonbelievers, 40

Nuremberg, 140, 143–44, 146–49, 151, 155, 166, 170–72, 202, 207, 237, 239

Nuremberg Laws, 116, 144

Nuremberg Principles, 172, 174, 194, 204, 240, 261

Nuremberg Tribunals, 35, 107, 128, 139, 143, 147, 149, 151, 165, 167, 172, 194

O

OAS.

Obama, Barack, 10, 207–12, 231

Octavian, Gaius, 26

Open Skies, 215

Orban, Viktor, 218–19, 234–35

Organization of American States (OAS), 179, 209

Orwellian inversions, 221, 232

Othello, 7

Otis, James, 57

Ottoman Empire, 86–87, 159

Overton, Richard, 45

P

Pakistan, 176

constitution, 185

Palace of Justice, 144, 168

Palm Beach, 7

pandemic, 234

global, 3, 215

papal decretals, 33

Paris, 5, 31, 97, 99

Paris climate accord, 215

Peabody, Endicott, 111, 114, 120, 148, 205, 236

Pell, Herbert C., 156, 165

Philippines, 9, 176, 197, 217, 219

philosophy

enlightenment, 64

legal, 116, 150, 240

moral, 39

positivist, 146

radical, 45

secular, 25

secular civilizing, 72

spiritual, 33

Phnom Penh, 191, 193

Pinochet, Augusto, 195, 204

Plato’s Republic, 150

pogroms, 86

Pol Pot, 237

Pompeius, Gnaeus, 26

Pompeo, Mike, 221

Pompey, 26

Portugal, 71, 156

Portuguese law, 42

postwar decolonization, 183

postwar Germany, 160

postwar planning division, 125

postwar tribunals, 161

postwar world, 121, 123, 128, 134, 138–39, 164, 174

Prague, 38

President Biden. See Biden, Joe

President Clinton. See Clinton, Bill

President Bush. See Bush, George W.

President Carter. See Carter, Jimmy

President Eisenhower. See Eisenhower, Dwight

President Ford. See Ford, Gerald

President Truman. See Truman, Harry

President Carter. See Carter, Jimmy

President Obama. See Obama, Barack

President Reagan. See Reagan, Ronald

President Roosevelt. See Roosevelt, Franklin

President Theodore Roosevelt. See Roosevelt, Theodore

President Trump. See Trump, Donald

President Wilson. See Wilson, Woodrow

Primrose, Archibald, Lord, fifth Earl of Rosebery, (Lord Rosebery) 75, 80

Sirak Matak, Prince, 192

Prisoner abuse, 206

prisoners, 170, 206

prisons, 47, 66, 220

progressivism, 89

proletariat, 65

Protestant dissent, 174

Protestant heresy, 38

Protestantism, 35, 39–41, 44–46, 49, 59, 71, 86

Protestant Reformation, 41

Proudhon, Pierre-Joseph, 65, 250

Prussian Allgemeines Landrecht, 63

Puritanism, 56

Puritan Roundheads, 162

Puritan utopianism, 59

Putin, Vladimir, 235

Q

Qaeda, 205

Quakers, 40, 49, 68

R

racial categorization, abolished, 76

racism, 79, 123, 170, 214, 220, 224, 233

Reagan, Ronald, 2, 12, 103, 195–98, 199, 229

Red Scares, 182

Reform Act, 70

Reform Bill, 76

relativism, 5

cultural, 13, 101, 187, 209, 226

new, 64

religious leaders, 109, 123, 138

religious principles, 225

religious sects, 205

religious sensibility, 225

religious teachings, 64

religious toleration, 77

Renaissance, 5, 36, 44, 115, 164, 238

Republicans, 18, 20, 94, 162, 183, 195, 212

Rhode Island, 40, 58, 67

rights

absolute, 189

common, 96

constitutional, 91

declaratory, 186

economic, 199

general, 63

genuine, 10

inalienable, 181, 185

indelible, 47

indubitable, 53

inseparable, 57

political, 8, 11, 178

positive, 8, 66, 81–82

protected, 237

reproductive, 223

transgender, 225

universal, 175, 188, 200, 209

universal dominion of, 95

rights abuses, human, 9–10, 16, 126, 197, 219

Roman Law, 29, 31, 247

Roman Republic, 34

Rome, 26–27, 30, 50, 67

Romney, Mitt, 212

Roosevelt, Eleanor, 11, 108, 111, 161, 177, 179

Roosevelt, Franklin Delano, 11, 17, 243 90–91, 105–7, 109–16, 112, 114, 118–25, 127–32, 134–40, 157–62, 164–66, 172, 179–80, 184, 236, 242–243

character and speeches, 112

conception of law, 115

philosophy, 111

reintroduction of natural law, 139

vision, 138, 187

Roosevelt, Theodore, 89–90, 94, 96, 103

Root, Elihu, 85

Rosebery, Lord. See Primrose, Archibald

Rosenman, Sam, 137, 164, 166

Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 65

Rudenko, Roman, 171

Ruhr plan, 160

Rwanda, 203–5, 208

S

San Francisco, 8, 11, 102, 112, 128, 134–37, 172

Second Iraq War, 201

Second World War, 2, 9, 103, 138, 147, 174, 234, 242

self-determination, 184, 186

Sepulveda, 36

Severus, Septimius, 29

Seville, 34

Shawcross, Sir Hartley, 171

Sierra Leone, 203, 205

Slave Act, 68

slavery, 7, 28–29, 34, 44, 46, 48–49, 57, 67–70, 79, 81, 83 99, 121, 126, 200, 221, 226

abolition of, 70

Smith, Frederick, 153–54

Smith, T. Robert, 75

social compact theory, 56

social contract theory, 59

socialism, 66–67, 73, 81, 109, 176, 178–79, 186, 188

Soloveichik, Meir, 224

Somerset v. Stewart, 68

Somoza, Anastasio, 195

Southeast Asian Nations, 209

sovereign immunity, 143, 145, 152, 155, 240

Soviet Union, 8, 129, 131–32, 138, 157–58, 163, 166, 176, 183, 185–87, 194–95, 198–99

Spanish colonization, 34–36

Stalin, Josef, 1, 158, 239

State Department, US, 9, 11, 125–28, 130–31, 136, 139, 157, 162, 174–75, 181, 183, 187, 191, 194, 226–28

Statement of Political Propositions, 122

Stettinius, Edward, 132, 135, 165, 174

Stimson, Henry, 106, 162–67, 239

St. James Declaration, 156

Stoics, 25, 27, 42

Streit, Clarence, 128

Stubbs, William, 238

Suckley, Daisy, 136

Syria, 10, 210–11, 218–19

T

Tarquinus, Sextus, 27

Taylor, Charles, 203

Taylor, Telford, 164, 168

Tillerson, Rex, 216

Trudeau, Justin, 219

Truman, Harry, 136, 148

Trump, Donald, 1, 8–10, 12, 19, 83, 196, 207, 213–219, 231, 235, 243

Trump administration, 2, 207, 214, 220–24, 226–27

Tuori, Kaius, 30

U

unalienable rights, 184, 222–23, 225, 227

United Nations and universal human rights, 112

United Nations Charter, 172

United Nations Declaration, 134

United Nations plan, 136

United Nations War Crimes Commission, 156

Universal Declaration, 108, 135, 179, 183, 185, 190, 200–202

USSR, 132, 134, 158

V

Venezuela, 216, 218–19, 222

Victoria, Queen, 76–77, 82, 175

Victorians, 66, 80, 82–83, 111, 241

Vienna Declaration, 201–3

Vietnam, 184, 191, 193

Vietnamese Declaration of Independence, 184

Vietnam War, 191–92

Voltaire, 47

W

Wall Street Journal, 222

Walt Disney, 173–74

war crimes, 14, 84, 146, 154–55, 157, 162–63, 166, 169, 204, 240

War Crimes Commission, 165

Washington Naval Treaty, 103

Washington Post, 267

Watergate, 191, 193

Waterloo, 69, 151–52

weapons, chemical, 210–11

Wellington, Duke of, 79, 152–53, 155

Wenceslas IV, 144

Western conception of human rights, 10, 175

Western liberalism, 181, 185–87, 197, 200, 209

White supremacy, 130

Wilberforce, William, 68, 71

Wilhelm II, 114, 153, 163

William III, 53

Wilson, James, 58

Wilson, Woodrow, 19, 84, 87–89, 90–93, 95–96, 99, 101, 103–4, 120, 139, 153, 185, 217

Winthrop, John, 40

world government, 94, 96, 106, 108

world order, new, 84, 103, 106, 117, 120–21, 179

World Trade Center, 144

World Trade Organization, 9

Wright, Quincy, 126–27, 129–130, 133, 140, 164, 171

Wright’s Commission, 133

X

Xenophon, 21–22, 101, 149, 222, 240

Y

Yalta Conference, 131, 134

Z

Zimbabwe, 19