Index

Note: Page numbers in italic indicate a figure and page numbers in bold indicate a table on the corresponding page.

abolition 77-78, 79-80; and amelioration 89-96; and application of the 1807 Act 56-63; developments towards 51-53; enforcement of the ban in practice 63-73; and judicial enforcement 73-77; and the notion of slavery 80-83; and the resident planter 96-102; and slavery by the French under British rule 83-89; and slavery in Mauritius 53-55

Abolition of Slavery Act of 1833 1, 80-82,97, 117-118

abuses in the system 126-131 administrators 28, 95, 102, 146, 170-171

amelioration 89-96, 94 apprenticeships 105-106, 136-138; and colonial labour migration 106-110; and Indian indentured labour in Mauritius 110-114; labour control and power 117-121; legal framework 121-124; making the transition from slavery 114-117; and realities of early indenture 124-136

background see historical background bounty system 146-149

British, the 37-43, 41; slavery by the French under British rule 83-89, 83-84,88

British Empire 28, 38-42, 51-56, 63, 100, 140-143

British market 41, 43; and indentured labour 140-142, 140, 172, 175; and slavery 88-89, 99

British policies 28-29, 77-78,

90-96, 170

Campbell v.

107

colonial legacies 23-27

colonial research: characterization of labour 19-21; conceptualizations of law within social contexts 14-15; issues within existing scholarship 12-14; law and history 21-23; law and politics 15-17; particularities of the Mauritian context 5-10; theoretical bias 10-12; theories of labour law 17-19; theory and method of 5-23

colonization, French 28, 54-55 compensation 100-102 context: Mauritius 5-10; social 14-15 contingent system 149-153 ā€œcoolieā€ 106-110, 107

cultural issues: and Indian labour migration 134-136

discovery 30-32

Dutch, the 28, 32-34, s38, 54, 111, 143, 170

economics of the sugar industry 139-144, 140

1807 Act see Slave Trade Abolition Act 1833 Act see Abolition of Slavery Act of 1833 emancipated slaves: and indentured labourers 117-124, 118 enforcement: 1807 Act 63-73, 67, 73-77, 74

ethnicity: preferences in 116-117

Farquhar, Robert T.

French, the 6, 8-9, 33-38, 43; and British rule 83-89, 83-84, 88; and indentured labour 111, 143, 170-172, 175, 180, 182; and slavery 54, 59, 62-64, 67-72, 75-79, 97-101

French colonization 28, 54-55

historical background: the British 37-43; discovery 30-32; the Dutch 32-34; the French 34-37; modern Mauritius 44-48

history: and law 21-23

immigration 168; and the indenture system 144-155; and an Indian peasantry 162-167; and labour laws 155-162; and the sugar industry 139-144

indentured labour 105-106, 136-138, 168, 169-175;and colonial labour migration 106-110; the indenture system 144-155, 150; Indian indentured labour in Mauritius 110 - 114; and an Indian peasantry 162-167; labour control and power 117-121; and labour laws 155-162; legacies of 176-183; legal framework 121-124; making the transition from slavery 114-117; realities of early indenture 124-136; and the sugar industry 139-144

Indian indentured labour 110-114, 112 -113; and cultural issues 134-136

Indian Ocean 53-54

Indian peasantry 164-165, 168; emergence of 162-167; and the indenture system 144-155; and labour laws 155-162; and the sugar industry 139-144 judicial enforcement: 1807 Act

73-77, 74

labour: characterizations of 19-21; colonial labour migration 106-110, 107; control and power 117-121; Indian indentured labour in Mauritius 110-114, 112 -113; Indian labour migration 134-136

labourers, indentured: and emancipated slaves 117-124, 118; see also indentured labour

labour law 17-19, 155-161, 159 law: and history 21-23; labour law 17-19, 155-161, 159; legal framework for apprentices 121-123; legal framework for indentured labourers 123-124; and politics 15-17; social contexts 14-15; see also Slave Trade Abolition Act

local politics 110-111

manumissions 55, 81, 84-86, 84 market, British 41, 43; and indentured labour 140-142, 140, 172, 175; and slavery 88-89, 99

method see research, colonial migration 168; colonial labour

migration 106-110, 107; and the indenture system 144-155; Indian labour migration 134-136; and an Indian peasantry 162-167; and labour laws 155-162; and the sugar industry 139-144

Old Immigrants and New Immigrants

154- 157, 168, 174

pass system 155-156

peasantry, Indian 168; emergence of 162-167; and the indenture system 144-155; and labour laws

155- 162; and the sugar industry 139-144

planters, resident 96-102, 96-97 policies, British 90-96

politics: and law 15-17; local 110-111;

political sympathies 68-71; sugar industry 139-144, 140

Portuguese, the 1, 31-33, 170 Prize slaves 53, 65-67, 67, 77, 171 regulation 168; and the indenture system 144-155; and an Indian peasantry 162-167; and labour laws 155-162; and the sugar industry 139-144

research, colonial: characterization of labour 19-21; conceptualizations of law within social contexts 14-15; contemporary relevance 176-183; issues within existing scholarship 12-14; law and history 21-23; law and politics 15-17; particularities of the Mauritian context 5-10; theoretical bias 10-12; theories of labour law 17-19; theory and method of 5-23 resident planters 96-102, 96-97 retention of slaves 83-86, 83-84

slavery: abolition of slavery 79-102; abolition of the slave trade 51-78; by the French under British rule 83-89, 83-84, 88; historical background 30-48; incentive for 86-89, 88; legacies of 176-183; in Mauritius 53-55, 55; notion of 80-83; transition from 114-117

slaves: emancipated 117-124, 118; Prize slaves 53, 65-67, 67, 77, 171; retention of 83-86, 83-84

slave trade 77-78; and application of the 1807 Act 56-63; and developments towards abolition 51-53; enforcement of the ban in practice 63-73; and judicial enforcement 73-77; and slavery in Mauritius 53-55

Slave Trade Abolition Act (1807 Act): application of 56-63; enforcement of 63-73, 67,73-77, 74

social contexts: and law 14-15 state-regulated immigration 168; and the indenture system 144-155; and an Indian peasantry 162-167; and labour laws 155-162; and the sugar industry 139-144

sugar industry 40-43, 41, 86-89, 88, 99, 172, 175; economics and politics of 139-144, 140

suicide 159-160, 159

Terms of Capitulation (1810): legal effect of 59-61

theory see research, colonial

Truth and Justice Commission (TJC) 26-27

ā€œunfreedomā€ 131-134

ā€œunfreeā€ labour 160-161

vagrancy 156-158

wages 158-159

117 IOR/F/4/534/12853 Letters dated 29 December 1814 and 23 May 1815. Clare AnderĀ­son has produced several items on convict labour in Mauritius, see for example, Anderson, Clare, Convicts in the Indian Ocean: Transportation from South Asia to Mauritius, 1815-53

114 ā€?An Act to carry into further Execution the Provisions of an Act passed in the Third and Fourth Years of His present Majesty, for compensating Owners of Slaves upon the Aboltion of Slaveryā€™, 5 & 6 Gulielmi, c.

58 PP1837-38 (180) (232) British Guiana and Mauritius. Copies ofall orders in council, or coloĀ­nial ordinances for the better regulation and enforcement of the relative duties of masters and

80 A selection would include Tinker, op. cit.; Sundararajan, Saroja, From Bondage to Deliverance: Indentured Labour in Mauritius and British Guiana (New Delhi: Allied Publishers, 2006); Mangru, Basdeo, Benevolent Neutrality - Indian Government Policy and Labour Migration to British Guiana 1854-1884 (London: Hansib Publications, 1987); Saha, Panchan, EmiĀ­gration of Indian Labour (1834-1900) (Delhi: Peopleā€™s Publishing House, 1970); Teelock, Vijayalakshmi, Anwar Janoo, Geoffrey Summers, Marc Serge Riviere and Sooryakanti Nir- simloo-Gayan, eds., Angaje: Explorations into the History, Society and Culture of Indentured

26 In 1650, at the suggestion of the Governor-General Rienertsz of Dutch India, the necesĀ­sary supplies were sent from Java. Until 1850, only one variety, the Otaheite, was cultivated, which then made way for the Cheribon and the Penang type, both also from Java. The latter half of the 19th century saw the introduction of a multitude of varieties from the Pacific area and the Orient. See Deerr, Noel, The History of Sugar, Volume I (London: Chapman and